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Future Areas of Technology Convergence
Dr J Malcolm WilkinsonManaging Director
Technology For Industry LtdCambridgeshire, UK
www.tfi-ltd.co.uk
Medilink Yorkshire & Humberside, 8 December 2005
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Technology For Industry
Bridging the gap between industry and revolutionary technologyfrom academia and research institutes
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Convergence or Divergence?
What does it mean to your organisation?
•Opportunities – new ways to add value
•Threats – your staff will need to learn new skills
•The supply chain will change – new suppliers and customers
…before we get out the crystal ball to try to look in to the future let us see what we can learn from the past
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1mm
10µm
1µm
100nm
10nm
1nm
0.1nm
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
Nanotechnology
“Bottom-up approach”
“Top down approach”
Microtechnology Unique Properties
of Materials at the
Nanoscale
Dimensional scale
Atomic Material
100µm
Self Organising Molecular SystemBiochemistry
Chemistry
Energy beams
Lithography
Ultra PrecisionMachining
Bulk Materials
Two routes to the Nanoscale
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Technology Convergence in Microelectronics
Microelectronics
Chemistry
Optics
Materials Science
Mathematics
Physics
Device design Lithography
Process models
Crystal growing
Etching
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Technology Convergence in Microelectronics
Valve manufacturers put out of businessA $200 billion components business createdThe IT revolution enabled
Results:
…a whole new industry has been created by convergence creating a new platform technology
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Technology Convergence in Medical Devices
Medical Devices
Biomaterials
Micromachining
Tissue Engineering
Nanotechnology
Microelectronics
Computers,portableproducts, lasers
Lab-on-chip
Stealth drugs,
Quantum dots
Cell culturing
Biocompatible materials
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Technology Convergence in Medical Products
Lots of interesting product innovations but no platform technologyThe supply chain is complex and immatureMedical product markets grow relatively slowly
Results:
…no major disruptive technology has emerged as yet, so we need to look on an application by application basis
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Diagnostic Imaging
Discipline Technology ImpactPhotography X-rays Non invasive imagingComputers Image processing CAT ScanningNuclear Physics NMR Material differentiationMaterials Science Piezoelectric effect Ultrasound imagesSemiconductors Infra-red detector Thermal imagesPhotonics Quantum dot markers Contrast, organ
and tissue selectivity
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NanoParticles -Optical Contrast Agents
Tunable Absorption Resonances
Allows precise control of optical propertiesBiocompatibleOptically triggered drug deliveryContrast Agent for NIRF ImagingPhotoacoustic contrast agentNeed to be biocompatible
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Medical Application of Photonics
Clinical ImagingOpthalmology – OCTIV-OCTIVDOB/GYNDermatologyMicrovascularIntraoperativeBreast TomographyBrain Tomography
iredex
Light Labs
Columbia
David Boas
ARTPre-Clinical ImagingSmall Animal- Pharmacokinetics- Biodistribution- Drug Efficacy
GenomicsMicro array readersFISH
PACSOptical data transmission
Pathogen detectionRaman spectroscopy
Patient monitoringPulse oximetry
Acknowledgement: Dr Leonard Fass, GE Healthcare
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Diagnostic Imaging
Technology convergence creates product innovationsMost of the products are large and expensiveThe large incumbents control this market and are adept at technology acquisition from the smaller innovative companiesNo sign yet of the ‘Star Trek’ hand held universal diagnostic device
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Point of Care Diagnostics
Discipline Technology Impact
Biology + ELISA Pregnancy test kitsMicrofluidics Lateral flow devices
Microelectronics + ISFET’s POC Blood TestsMicrofluidics + MicroembossingBiology Glucose oxidase
Photonics + Lasers Non-invasive bloodMicroelectronics + Low cost computing glucose monitoringSoftware Algorithms to unscramble
data from noise
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Point of Care Diagnostics
Technology convergence is creating some potentially disruptive productsSmall companies are innovatingWho owns the channels to market?Many of the small players do not have the marketing muscle or cash reserves to change the way diagnosis is done
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Patient Monitoring
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Patient Monitoring
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Memory, dossiers
WirelessCommunication
R&D system
Products forsensing, diagnosis,
medication, etc
Product developers and IT companies
Advice, intervention
Future Concepts in PatientMonitoring
Health system
With acknowledgements to Kees Eijkel MESA+
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Example: Health Buddy ®
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General Comment
Even if the technology works, will the patient accept it?Consider the case of the ‘Glucowatch’Regulatory concernsOne size doesn’t fit all
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Drug Delivery
MICROPARTS
KTH
ALZA CORP
Micronozzle in nebuliser, Microparts
Microneedles development, KTH
Stealth technology, lipid nanoparticle, Alza Corp.
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Drug Delivery Roadmap for MNT
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Years
Inhaler Nanopowders
Oral Nanotechnologies (hydrogels, dendrimers, liposomes etc.)Peptide drugs Proteins + Sustained release
Tablet Coatings
Virus Vector Directed Delivery
Nanotechnology Based Directed Delivery (e.g. dendrimers, microencapsulation)
Oral/Nasal Sprays
External Infusion Pumps
Transdermal: chemical modifiers
Inhaler Delivery Devices:
CFC free Ease of use Deep lung Variable dose
Needle-less Injectors
Transdermal Iontophoresis
Transdermal Microneedles
Implantable Infusion Pumps
Closed Loop Systems:
External Internal
Transdermal Ultrasound
Implantable Release Reservoirs
Time to Market from 2005
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Drug Delivery Roadmap for MNT
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Years
Inhaler Nanopowders
Oral Nanotechnologies (hydrogels, dendrimers, liposomes etc.)Peptide drugs Proteins + Sustained release
Tablet Coatings
Virus Vector Directed Delivery
Nanotechnology Based Directed Delivery (e.g. dendrimers, microencapsulation)
Oral/Nasal Sprays
External Infusion Pumps
Transdermal: chemical modifiers
Inhaler Delivery Devices:
CFC free Ease of use Deep lung Variable dose
Needle-less Injectors
Transdermal Iontophoresis
Transdermal Microneedles
Implantable Infusion Pumps
Closed Loop Systems:
External Internal
Transdermal Ultrasound
Implantable Release Reservoirs
Time to Market from 2005
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Epidermis
Dermis
Transdermal DD or sampling
NanoPass Inc.
Diagnostic sensor or drug container
Micro hollow injectors
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Conclusions
Technology convergence is creating product innovationConvergent technology is not necessarily disruptiveCreation of multidisciplinary centres can facilitate technology convergence ( work in progress)
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Technology For Industry LtdCambridgeshire, UK
Tel: +44 (0)1353 865 400www.tfi-ltd.co.uk