Tanzania dairy value chain development: Pre site selection scoping study
Ben Lukuyu1, Amos Omore1, Brigitte Maass2, Gasper A. Msimbe3 and Julius Bwire4
1 - International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)2 – International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)3 – Tanzania Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development4 - Tanzania Livestock Research Institute, Tanga (TALIRI)
MilkIT Project Inception Meeting, Tanga, Tanzania, 24-25 April 2012
Objectives & Study sites
‘Ground truthing’ a site evaluation with more localized criteria (that cannot be represented in GIS)
Obtaining site level data and literature potential sites
Took the opportunity to sensitize district livestock staff about engagement in the dairy value chain work through the Irish and Milk IT projects.
Sites visitedMorogoro region
◦ Kilombero district◦ Kilosa district◦ Mvomero ditrict
Tanga region◦ Handeni district◦ Lushoto district◦ Muheza district
(to be done)
How scoping study was conducted
Guiding criteria
Farm visits to talk to farmers
Rural production to rural consumption
Rural production to urban consumption (>50,000 persons)
Visits to regions and district livestock officers, discussions to learn about the dairy VC
Obtain biophysical, livestock, human population data and district profiles where available
Visits to milk collection centres where applicable to learn about milk collection activities
MOROGORO REGION
Findings
Kilombero district (1) It mostly a wet land with
high rainfall (1200-1600 mm/year), evergreen throughout the year, with no seasonal effects and no feed shortages reported
Sugar cane growing area with a big river crossing through the district
It is sitting at the foot of the Udzungu mountains and is largely forested area.
The TAZARA national railway line passes through the district
The district has 70,000 people in 15,000 HHs
The main town (Mangula) has a population of about 15,000 people mainly Tanzania immigrants ( 20% of the total district population)
The total cattle population is 42,176 out of which 4% (1,810) is improved dairy kept by about 150 HHs.
The majority of the 40,366 indigenous cattle are reared in a ranch system.
Average cattle size for smallholders is 1-4 cattle per HH
Kilombero district (2) Average milk production:
◦ Indigenous cows , 2-5 litres per day
◦ Improved cross breds, 6-8 litres per day (no supplementation)
Most local tribes have no culture of consuming milk but town like Mangula are dominated by immigrants who consume milk increasing market opportunities.
There are no existing farmer groups
Milk sold mainly in the two local towns including Mangula
No NGO is currently involved in dairy development. Previously Irish Aid, HPI and Caritas between 2000 and 2004
Kilosa district (1)Comprises 5 divisions-
Kilosa, Kimamba and Magole lie in the lowlands; Mikumi lies in the midlands while Gairo lies in the upper highlands.
And now its time for a 3 hours puncture fix!
Kilosa formerly dominated by sisal plantations
Kilosa district (2) Was formerly dominated by
the sisal plantations until the collapse of the industry when cattle keepers became inhabitants
Initiated investments in dairy was done by Irish Aid through Kilosa Dairy farm
Area mainly inhabited by the Sangara tribe who have a poor milk drinking culture. However, other tribes with a strong milk drinking culture are Masai, Sukuma Barbeji (Mang’ati) and Wakaguru.
The district has 626,618 people Kilosa town has a population of
about 33, 450 people ( 5% of the total district population)
The total cattle population is 215,100 out of which 1% (2,405) is improved dairy.
The majority of the 210,627 indigenous cattle are kept by agro pastoralists.
Average cattle size for sedentary smallholders is 2-3 cattle per HH
Seasonality effects is a major constraint often leading to tribal conflicts over pasture and water
Kilosa district (3) Average milk
production:◦ Indigenous cows , 2-3 litres
per day
◦ Improved cross breds, 5-8 litres per day
Three main milk traders are involved in milk marketing in the area (DESA milk, Tanga fresh Dairy and Shambani milk).
The have established milk collection and selling points in the main towns – Mamba, Dumila, Gairo and Mikumi
There are no active groups existing
Milk marketing outlets◦ Tanga fresh takes milk for
cooling and eventually sold to the Dar es Salaam and other distant markets
◦ Shambani and DESA milk – sends fresh milk to the nearby Morogoro urban market
◦ Milk is also locally (towns and rural areas) traded by motorcycle and bicycle informal traders
Mvomero district (1) It is a newly created district
comprises four divisions (Turaini, Mvomero, Mlali and Mgeta)
The total cattle population is 187,350 out of which 5% (9,314) is improved dairy.
The majority of the 178,036 indigenous cattle are kept by agro pastoralists.
Seasonality effects is a major constraint leading to long travel distances in search of feed and water.
Flooding is a major constraint during the wet season – reducing grazing areas
Livestock keepers generally own large herds of cattle
Average milk production is about 5 litres per cow per day
Milk is mainly sold to the nearby Morogoro urban town by private milk traders
TANGA REGION
Findings
Handeni
Lushoto
Handeni district (1) Area mainly inhabited by the
Masai, Mbulus, Barbeig (Mangati) and Singwazi.
The total cattle population is 126,780 out of which 1% (1,045) is improved dairy.
The majority of the 124,735 indigenous cattle are kept by agro pastoralists.
Average cattle size for sedentary smallholders is 4-5 cattle per HH
Seasonality effects are a major constraint often leading to feed and water shortages
Area dominated by natural grazing and virtually no other alternative feed resources.
Tanga fresh dairy is the only milk trader owning a milk collection centre in Handeni◦ Ministry of livestock helped
mobilize farmers to register and deliver milk to the collection centre
◦ There are no formal groups existing (farmers deliver milk as individuals or informal organized cells (pooling of milk for delivery and payment)
◦ Farmer paid twice a month
◦ Evening milk is not collected. Farmers either sell it locally, give to calves or consume.
◦ Have informally organized to access credit facilities from a neighborng private agrovet shop for animal health services against milk supplied.
Handeni milk collection Centre in the back ground (owned by Tanga fresh dairy)
Privately owned Handeni Veterinary Centre in the fore front (provides credit against milk supplied to registered members of the milk collection centre)
Lushoto district (1) Situated in the northern
part of Tanga The district lies on the
foot of the western Usambara mountains rising from 300 – 2100m above sea level
The lowland covers 25% of district
The estimated population of Lushoto is 437, 037 people.
It has bi modal type of rainfall (800-2000mm per annum)
There are 119,492 cattle of which 24% (29,200) are improved cattle. Improve cattle most found in the highlands while indigenous in the lowlands
The average cattle per household in the highlands is 2-3 and >10 in the lowlands
The common feeds are crops residues, Napier grass, Guatemala grass, cut grass and grazing in the lowlands
AI is being introduced in the highlands
Lushoto district (2)Milk is sold to Tanga
fresh Ltd. (75%) through the existing 4 milk collection centres ◦ Luchoto (1990)◦ Shume (1990)◦ Mwangoi (2007)◦ Mbumburi (2009)
25% of the rest of the milk is sold locally
Local milk prices are Tsh. 800 vs. Tsh. 480 at collection centres (Tanga Fresh)
There are three livestock keepers networks (Mviwambuso, Viwatalu and Uwalu) present. They draw membership from farmer groups
There are three milk processing farms – into cheese and butter◦ Irente farm◦ Montessori sisters◦ Kifongiru sisters
OTHER INITIATIVES IN THE AREA
• Tanga Dairy Development Project
• Highlands Initiative (AHI) coordinated by ICRAF
• Soil erosion control and agro forestry project (SECAP)
• Land O’ Lakes (just beginning)
Synthesis (1)
District
Feeding systems
(proportion of farmers using)
Average milk prices per litres
(Tsh.) Existence of groups
Zero/semigrazing (%)
Grazing (%)
Collection
centres
Local market
Kilombero 10 90 - 800 None
Kilosa 10 90 480 800 Few
Mvomero 10 90 - 700 Few
Handeni - 100 530* 800 Informal (very few)
Lushoto 25 75 500 700-800 Many
* - Price offered by middlemen
Synthesis (2)
DistrictRural to rural
Link to urban markets
Potential to improve feed
Cattle population
Indigenous Improved
Kilombero +++ + + 40,489 1,689
(4%)
Kilosa ++ ++ ++ 215,100 2,405 (1%)
Mvomero + +++ ++ 187,350 9,314 (5%)
Handeni +++ + ++ 126,780 1,045 (1%)
Lushoto + +++ +++ 119,492 29,200 (24%
+ - Low++ - Medium+++ - High
Synthesis (3)
Morogoro ◦ Some tribes no habit of
milk consumption ◦ Some districts may offer
huge potential for future development of both production & consumption
Tanga ◦ Pastoralists keep high
no. of cattle heads ◦ Tanga Fresh Ltd. has
monopoly of milk processing low prices
◦ Some organization of producers already occurring in some area
Cross-cutting issues ◦ Seasonality of feed and milk production◦ Generally low production/cow ◦ Neither cultivation of fodders nor any conservation ◦ Very little milk processing performed ◦ Very low proportion of improved dairy cattle
Synthesis (4)
Fit to guiding criteria:Rural production to rural consumption: o Morogoro: Kilosa, oTanga: Handeni
Rural production to urban (>50,000 persons) consumption : oMorogoro: Mvomero; oTanga: Lushoto and Muheza (to be visited)
Kilombero in Morogoro appears unsuitable due to relatively low cattle population and dominant culture of no milk consumption
The end… Thank you.An Interview session Lushoto highlands
A zero grazing system in KilomberoThe end of the road…an engine knock!