Download - Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah
![Page 1: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Bacterial Taxonomy
biology
![Page 3: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
biology Presentation submitted to: Mr.Basit Zeeshan
Presentation submitted by: (group-5) 1. Akbar Ahmad Shah2.Arooj Azeem 3. Neha Zahid4.Sehar Rizvi 5.Farqaleet Khan 6.Farazia Chaudhary 7.Adiba Khan 8.Saba Arshad 9.Zaeem Sarwar
![Page 4: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Presented by:
Arooj Azeem
![Page 5: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
“Bacteria”In 1676, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek first
observed bacteria through a microscope and called them “animalcules.” In 1838, the German Naturalist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg called them bacteria, from the Greek baktḗria, meaning "little stick."
![Page 6: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
“ Taxonomy”From Ancient Greek, ‘taxis’ means ‘arrangement’,
‘nomia’ meaning ‘methods’. It refers to the branch of science that deals with
classification of organisms. It is the branch of science that encompasses the
description, identification, nomenclature and classification of organisms.
It also includes the analysis of an organism's characteristics for the purpose of classification.
![Page 7: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Bacterial Taxonomy“Bacterial taxonomy is a means by which
microorganisms can be grouped together. “Organisms having similarities with respect to
the criteria used are in the same group, and are separated from the other groups of microorganisms that have different characteristics.
Bacterial taxonomy is the taxonomy, i.e. the rank-based classification, of bacteria.
![Page 8: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Importance of TaxonomyClassification
On basis of Similarities
On basis of Differences
Defining an Organism
Studying evolution
![Page 9: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Discovering new characters of an organism
Identification of numerous organisms
Huge biodiversity of earth
Convenient Analysis of numerous organisms
![Page 10: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Bacterial TaxonomyStudying follows these steps:
Classification
Nomenclature
Identification
![Page 11: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Conventional vs Modern
![Page 12: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ClassificationDefinition
A historical glance
Classification systems
Basis of classification
![Page 13: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Definition “The arrangement of animals and plants in taxonomic groups according to their observed similarities (including at least kingdom and phylum in animals, division in plants, and class, order, family, genus, and species).”
![Page 14: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Presented by:
•Syeda Sehar Rizvi
![Page 15: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
History
• Aristotles classification
![Page 16: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Linnaeus1735[33]
Haeckel1866[34]
Chatton1925[35]
Copeland
1938[36]
Whittaker
1969[37]
Woese et al.1990[38]
Cavalier-Smith
1998[31]2
kingdoms
3 kingdom
s2 empires
4 kingdoms
5 kingdoms
3 domains
6 kingdoms
(not treated) Protista
Prokaryota
Monera MoneraBacteria
BacteriaArchaea
Eukaryota
Protoctista
Protista
Eucarya
Protozoa
Chromista
Vegetabilia
Plantae PlantaePlantae PlantaeFungi Fungi
Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
![Page 17: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Classification systemsPhenotypic (conventional)Classification System:-
It is on the basis of following features:-MorpholologyAnatomyStainingCulture
![Page 18: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Some More Features:-Growth factorsOsmotic toleranceNutritionMotilityPathogenicityBiochemical reactionsLactose FermentationSensitivity or resistance to chemicalsAntigenEnvironmental factors Based on habitat
![Page 19: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Presented By:
Farazia chaudhary
![Page 20: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Morphological Basis1)Coccus:-
MonococcusDiplococcusTetradsSarcinaeStreptococcusStaphylococcus
![Page 21: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
2)Bacillus:-• Diplobacillus• Streptobacillus• Coccobacillus
![Page 22: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3)Spiral:- Which have one or more twists,include:-
Vibrio:- Look like curved rods
Spirillium:- Spirilla have a helical shape and fairly rigid bodiesSpirochete:- Spirochetes have a helical shape and flexible bodies.
![Page 24: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Some other types of bacteriaThere are also some other rare shapes of bacteria
like Rectangular Star shape
Some bacteria have many shapes instead of just one,they are known as pleomorphic.e.g.mycoplasma,etc
All other bacteriae discussed here are monomorphic.
![Page 25: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Presented by:
Adeeba khan
![Page 27: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Anatomical basis of bacterial classificationOn Basis of capsule:-• Capsulate• Non-capsulateSpore:-• Non-Sporing• Spore forming: anerobic and aerobic
![Page 28: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Viridans streptococci Vs Streptococcus pnemoniae (Non-capsulate) (Capsulate)
![Page 29: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Bacillus spp. Vs Escherchia colli(Non sporing) (spore-forming)
![Page 30: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Flagella
Aflagellates(e.g.Shigella spp.)Flagellates: Monotrichous(Vibrio Cholera) Lophotrichous(Spirillia) Peritrichous(E.coli) Amphitrichous(Spirillium minus)
![Page 31: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
On basis of flagella
![Page 32: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Presented by:
AKBAR AHMAD SHAH
![Page 33: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Bacterial classification on the basis of mode of nutrition:
![Page 34: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
A)Autotrophic bacteria1. Photosynthetic:- 2H 2S + CO2 (CH2O)2 + 2S + H2O 2H 2O + CO2 (CH2O)2 + O2 + H2O
2. Chemosynthetic:- Sulphomonas(Theobadllus) Hydromonas(Bacillus pantotrophus.) Ferromonas(Leptothrix) Methanomonas(candida utilis) Nitrosomonas
![Page 35: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
B) Heterotrophic bacteria1.Saprophytic Bacteria(Acetobacter)
2.Parasitic bacteria(Vibrio cholera)
3.Symbiotic bacteria(Clostridium)
![Page 36: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
On the basis of habitat
![Page 37: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Methanosarcina barkeri Halococcus
![Page 38: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
On the basis of cultural characteristicsA) Extra growth factors requirements:• Fastidious(Hemophilus influenza)(Helicobacter)• Non-fastidious(Escherichia coli)B) Hemolysis on sheep blood agar:• Alpha hemolysis(Streptococcus pneumonia)• Beta hemolysis(Streptococcus pyogenes)• Gamma hemolytic bacteria(S.agalacitae)
![Page 39: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
E) Pigment productionPigment producers (Staphylococcus aureus)Pigment non-producers(Escherichia coli)
D)Growth rate:• Rapid growers(Vibrio cholera)• Slow growers(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
![Page 41: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
On the basis of motilityMotile(salmonella)Non motile (Shigella)
On the basis of pathogenicityPathogens(Mycobacterium)Non-pathogens(E.coli)Commensals(aeromonas)
![Page 42: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
(Shigella) (salmonella)
![Page 43: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
On the basis of environmental factors
A) TemperatureB)Oxygen dependenceC)pHD)Salt concentrationE)Atmospheric pressure
![Page 44: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
TemperatureHyperthermophile (60 degrees C and upwards)Thermophile (optimal growth between 45 and 122
degrees)Mesophile (20 and 45 degrees C)Psychrotrophs (will survive at 0 degrees C, but prefer
mesophilic temperaturePsychrophiles (-15 and 10 degrees C or lower)
![Page 45: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
pH:AcidophilesAlkalinophilesNeutrophiles
Salt concentration:Halophiles Non-halophiles
![Page 46: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Genotypic basis of bacterial classification
Universal Phylogenetic Tree
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence analysis
Molecular subtyping
![Page 49: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
phylogenic tree
![Page 50: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Other ways of classification• Gram staining:• positive• negative• Acid-fast staining:• Acid-fast• Non-acidfast• Etc.
![Page 51: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Presented by:
Saba arshad
![Page 53: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Nomenclature “Nomenclature” is a Latin word
which can be further dissected into two more Latin words namely ‘nomen’ which means ‘name’ and ‘calare’ which means ‘to call’.
So Nomenclature is simply referred to as naming things traditionally.
“The devising or choosing of names for things, especially in a science or other discipline.”
![Page 54: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Binomial nomenclature
Discovery Carolus Linnaeus 18th Century
Swedish botanist
![Page 55: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The system of nomenclature in which two terms are used to denote a
species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the
second the specific epithet.
Definition
![Page 56: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
FeaturesInternational Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes
(ICNP) formerly called International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) regulates the nomenclature of Bacteria and Archeae.
Name after scientistGeographical siteQuality of microbe
![Page 57: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
The entire two-part name must be written in italics (or underlined when handwritten).1. The genus name is always written first.2. The genus name must be capitalized.3. The specific epithet is never capitalized.4. Use of Initials
RULES FOR NOMENCLATURE
![Page 58: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Example Mangifera Genus Capital
Indica
Species
Small
![Page 59: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Importance of nomenclatureThe basic objective of nomenclature is that there
should be only one name per organism.Helps in communicationAvoiding confusionSurely batter than polynomialsDescriptiveGrouping and classificationLimitation
![Page 60: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Presented by:
Farqaleet khan
![Page 61: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Identification
![Page 62: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Sample Preparation
What must be done: Extract the bacteria colony from culture Dissolve the cell wall in the digestive buffer Inactive the prokaryotic enzyme Spin the sample in the centrifuge
![Page 63: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
PCR AmplificationPolymerase Chain Reaction: Purpose: Used to amplify specific section of RNA
PCR Cycle
![Page 64: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
PCR PurificationGel Electrophoresis run to purify solution and isolate DNA
Separate molecules based on size
Negatively charged DNA moves toward positively charged syringe ends
![Page 65: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Sequencing Preparation
Add PCR product to strip tubes then load them in to PCR machine
![Page 66: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
DNA Sequencing Occurs in DNA sequencing machine Negatively charged DNA moves towards
the syringe ends and a laser excites the fluorescent markers that identify each nucleotide for sequencing
![Page 67: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
DNA Sequence Analysis The ultimate goal of sequencing matching analysis
determine what bacteria is in the sample through comparing its DNA Sequence
![Page 68: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
References• http://
www.srmuniv.ac.in/downloads/ISOLATION_AND_IDENTIFICATION.pdf
• http://www.srmuniv.ac.in/downloads/ISOLATION_AND_IDENTIFICATION.pdf
• http://bio.slu.edu/mayden/systematics/bsc420520lect2.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_cellular_morphologies#Bacillus
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria
![Page 69: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
• http://medimoon.com/2014/04/nomenclature-and-its-importance-in-microbiology/
• http://christianherbal.org/binomial-nomenclature/#• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclature• http://cpmofferconvert.com/out?zoneId=968177&htatb=1• https://theartofmed.wordpress.com/2015/08/28/bacterial-t
axonomy-1-classification-based-on-morphology-and-the-gram-stain/
• http://www.slideshare.net/doctorrao/bacteriology-basics-morphology-classification-staining-methods-28081551
• http://study.com/academy/lesson/bacterial-cell-morphology-and-classification-definition-shapes-arrangements.html
![Page 70: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
• http://www.slideshare.net/shyrosh/classification-of-bacteria-49373508
• http://schoolworkhelper.net/bacteria-types-and-classification/
• http://www.livestrong.com/article/117677-five-different-types-bacteria/
• http://blog.cifor.org/8746/why-taxonomy-is-important-for-biodiversity-based-science?fnl=en
• http://whyscience.co.uk/contributors/david-hone/david-hone.html
• http://www.rajaha.com/importance-of-taxonomy-biology/
![Page 71: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
• http://www.preservearticles.com/201102174054/how-to-classify-bacteria-on-the-basis-of-modes-of-nutrition.html
• https://www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/boundless-microbiology-textbook/culturing-microorganisms-6/temperature-and-microbial-growth-64/classification-of-microorganisms-by-growth-temperature-388-5509/
![Page 72: Taxonomy of Bacteria by BadShah](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5870f7041a28ab5f528b4d0b/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)