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TEACHING PROJECT Stone in the architecture of Brač
Stone was the basic building material in the old architecture of Brač. The task of our project was to explore the history of quarrying and the usage of stone in the construction of our settlements.
TEACHER:Lada Kuzmanić Runje
Elementary school Pučišća students
EXPLORERS:
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Diocletian pallace cellars
ROMAN TIMES
Illyrian walled settlement
The stone has been used as a building material since
prehistoric times on the island. Drywalls, cottages, and walled
settlements were built.
HERKUL-ŠKRIP
The Romans opened quarries near Škrip and Splitska, using
the stone for construction of Diocletian Palace.
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KATEDRALA U ŠIBENIKU TROGIRSKA KATEDRALA
The top floor of Trogir Cathedral was built by Trifun Bokanić, stonemason from Pučišća.
RENAISSANCE
During the Renaissance new quarry opened in Pučišća, from which stone was excavated for the construction of Šibenik
cathedral. Several stonemasons from Pučišća were famous: Trifun Bokanić, Nikola Radojković, Ivan Puljizić and Nikola Lazanić. .
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STOCK EXCHANGE BUILDING IN ZAGREB MEŠTROVIĆ GALLERY, SPLIT
MEŠTROVIĆ - Art pavilion in Zagreb BANOVINA BUILDING IN SPLIT
SEVERAL FAMOUS BUILDINGS BUILT OF BRAČ STONE
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The Stonemasons school in Pučišća
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A FISH FOSSIL
Brac stone is limestone, formed by deposition of marine organisms. There are several types, and in Pučišća quarryVeselje and Sivac are "harvested". Sivac is punctuated by blotches or
veins, andVeselje contains smaller or larger shells’ remnants.
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VESELJE FIORITOVESELJE UNITO
SIVAC VENATO SIVAC MACCHIATO
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In the Stonemason school students learn antique, "Roman" way of stone carving.
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SEPARATING BLOCKS BY WEDGES
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MARTELINA
BUćORDA PIKET
ZUBATKA
TOOLS FOR STONE CARVING
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POLIRANJE
FINE PROCESSING AND POLISHING TOOLS
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IN THE PAST, THE STONE WAS PROCESSED ONLY MANUALY.
TODAY, THE HARDEST WORKS ARE HANDLED BY MACHINES
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After getting acquainted with the material, we went out to research how it was used for building. We explored, took photos and made sketches.
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Pučišća is an example of seaside settlement, and Pražnicais an example of the inland settlement.
The inland settlements are older, because the inhabitants of Brač dealt mainly livestock and agriculture, and the coast was uncertain because of pirates. Only since the 15th century seaside settlements were created.
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Houses in seaside settlements face
waterfront and port
They are built tightly and located along the hill
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Inland settlements are centered around the square (Pjaca). Houses are scattered
and have larger gardens.
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By pjaca and the port the houses are largest and
richly decorated.
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The sinkholes are never built, because they contain the most
fertile land
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Whether on the hills or by the sea, the settlements are realated by the stone as a building material. The drywalls, the walls, the roofs and decorative details – all made of stone.
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VEŽNJAK
DRYWALL
The outer parts consist of larger pieces, and inside is filled with tiny stone waste (“škaja”).
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In the oldest times houses did not have chimneys, only a hole in the roof.
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RAINWATER FROM THE
ROOF POURED INTO
THE CHANNELS AND
FILLED THE WATER
TANK.
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GUSTIRNA (WATER TANK) TAKES A PART OF THE CELLAR OR IT’S ADDED TO THE HOUSE. EVERY SETTLEMENT HAD ALSO LARGE COMMON WATER TANKS.
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THE SIMPLEST HOSES LOOK THE
SAME AS THEY LOOKED IN THE
OLDEST TIMES. THOSE ARE
COTTAGES WITH THE DOORS AND
SMALL WINDOW, USUALLY
WITHOUT THE DOORSTEP.
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THE HOUSES ARE
GATHERED AROUND
COMMON COURTYARD.
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IF THE HOUSE IS STOREY, THERE’S A CELLAR IN THE GROUNDFLOOR.
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Partition walls are made of boards or wattle, covered with plaster or mud.
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THE HOUSES ARE OFTEN BUILT IN A ROW.
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STAIRS TO FIRST FLOOR WITH "SULOR"
(SOLARIUM).
SHELTERD SPACE UNDER ARC
(BALATURA) COULD BE USED FOR
SITTING AND WORKING IN THE WINTER
TIME.
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IN ATTIC, LIGHT COMES
THROUGH "LUMINOR“,
SKYLIGHTS WITH SMALL
GABLED ROOFS.
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LARGER HOUSES HAVE BALCONIES MADE OF LARGE
PANELS LEANING ON STONE "TEETH".
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SMALL OPENINGS &
WOODEN SHUTTERS -
PROTECTION FROM
SUNLIGHT AND WIND
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PARTICULAR TYPE OF HOUSES: VILLAS
AND SUMMER RESIDENCES OF
WEALTHIER FAMILIES
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ALL SEASIDE SETTLEMENTS HAVE
TOWERS TO DEFEND AGAINST
THE TURKS AND THE
PIRATES
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OUTDOOR SPACES, ALSO BUILT IN STONE, FORM UNITY WITH THE HOUSES
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AN EXHIBITIONRELATED TO OUR PROJECT WAS SET UP IN THE SCHOOL.
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