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Why Teach Writing K-5?
• Writing helps with reading.• Writing is 30% of a student’s ELA grade in
grades 1-5.• The upcoming PARCC Assessments will be
heavy on writing. (Sample item to follow)
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Grade 3, Item #3
You have read two texts about famous people in American history who solved a problem by working to make a change. Write an article for your school newspaper describing how she and faced challenges to change something in America.
– In your article, be sure to describe in detail why some solutions they tried worked and others did not work.
– Tell how the challenges each one faced were the same and how they were different.Note: This is what the February TCAP Writing Assessment will look like.
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Knowledge and Skills Required
• Knowledge of the required writing mode (narrative, informational/explanatory, opinion)
• Ability to organize thoughts• Ability to identify key ideas and details• Ability to cite evidence from the text
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PARCC Framework and the SCS Curriculum
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How It Looks K-2
• K-drawing, dictating, writing--words and phrases, longer pieces
• 1-drawing and labeling, writing--sentences, longer pieces
• 2-paragraphs, stories, reports
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How It Needs to Look 3-5
• PARCC says:– Routine writing– Analyses– Narratives
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• Development• Focus and organization• Language• Conventions
Scoring CriteriaInformational/Explanatory & Opinion
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Routine Writing
• Notes– Two column notes– Graphic organizers– Annotations
• Summaries• Journals/learning logs• Others?
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Writing a Summary
• Read, mark, and/or annotate the text– Topic sentence– Key points– Concluding sentence
• Frame your topic sentence: In this text, the author reports/states/claims that _________.
• Summarize two or three key points in one sentence each.
• Restate the main idea in one sentence.
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Analyses
• Multiple modes– Explanatory/informational– Opinion (states and supports a claim)
• Evidence from the text(s)
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Writing Analyses
• Read the text(s) actively– Underline, annotate, highlight
• Read the prompt carefully– Take note of key words (explain, opinion, cite, delineate)
• Formulate your main idea (the author’s key point, your opinion)
• Select a few key details (examples, reasons)• Organize your paper (introduction, body, conclusion)• Use reasons and examples from the text for the body• Conclude by restating your main point
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Narrative
• Original stories• Modifications to stories (e.g., new endings,
write from another point of view)• Descriptions of processes
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When?
• Experts recommend that students in grades 1-5 receive one hour of writing instruction per day.– 30 minutes teaching them how– 30 minutes practicing
• This does not all need to take place during ELA time
• In kindergarten, the experts also recommend at least 30 minutes per day
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How: Recommendations from the Experts
• Provide ample time• Teach the writing process• Build fluency through handwriting, spelling,
sentence structure and keyboarding• Create a community of writers
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How? Use the Writing Process
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How? Explicit Instruction
• I do• We do• You do
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Describe Sensory details Use five senses K-3Narrate Story grammar Who? What? When? Where? How? K-5
Inform Report K-W-LWhat I knowWhat I want to knowWhat I learned.
2-5
Opinion STOP
DARE
TREE
Suspend judgment, take sides, organize ideas, plan to adjustDevelop thesis, add support, provide reasons, reject arguments, end strongTell what, provide reasons, end it, examine it
4-5
2-3
How: Focus on the Mode
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How: Build Sentence Fluency
• Sentence framing• Sentence expanding• Sentence combining
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Sentence Framing
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Sentence Expanding
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Sentence Combining
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But, But, But…
What about grammar, usage, and mechanics?
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What Spelling is REALLY About
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Information from the State
http://www.tncore.org/english_language_arts.aspx