TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGY ON SHORT ROTATION COPPICE
PRODUCTIONGianni Picchi, Raffaele Spinelli - CNR-IVALSA
Consiglio Nazionale
delle Ricerche
www.cnr.it
www.ivalsa.cnr.it
www.biomassaforestale.org
Timber and Trees Institute
• Nearly 20 years of experience on woody energy crops• Consultant for Lombardy Region (Italy) on SRC harvest
BIOENERGY IN ITALY
- 200 MWht and 400 MWhe; - Demand exceeding 4 millions tons per
year;- Booming sector;- Market value of fresh biomass 30-60 €/t.
PLANTATIONS FOR BIOMASS
- About 5.000 hectars, 3.000 in Lombardy Region;
- Different public grants according to region;
- Fertile agricultural soils
SPECIALIZED CROPSpecific technique and machinery: service companies provide support from the grant demand to the harvest and sold of biomass.
20
-25
cm
PLANTATIONS
In Italy poplar (Populus spp.) is the only species used:
• Already well known by farmers;
• Specialized nursery available;
• Easy reproduction and hibridization.
DOUBLE ROWshort
rotation(1 year)
200-280 cm
70-80 cm
45-60 cm
Density:
280x75x45 = 12.500 plants/ha
SINGLE ROWshort
rotation(2 years)
250-300 cm
40-60 cm
Density:
300x60 cm = 5,600 plants/ha
SINGLE ROW medium rotation5 years
300 cm
200 cm
Density:
1.100-1600 plants/ha
Region Planting Management Compensation
Lombardia
3.150 €/ha
620 €/ha (2 years)
105-725 €/ha/y
Piemonte
4.000 €/ha
- -
Veneto 4.000 €/ha
- -
Friuli 4.000 €/ha
- -
Management Short, double row
Short, single row
Medium
Operation €/ha €/ha €/ha
Plow 250 250 250
Weed control 150 150 150
Fertilization 250 250 250
Planting 700 500 350
Cuttings 2640 1540 540
Total planting
3990 2690 1540
Management 400 200 120
COSTS AND GRANTS
AgeRotation Area
Diameter Yield Yield/year Yield d.m/y
Years ha cmt
fresh/ha t fresh/ha/y t dry/ha/y1 first 9.2 2.05 9.0 9.0 3.61 second 3.2 2.34 25.5 25.5 10.21 third 8.4 2.13 10.9 10.9 4.41 second 0.6 1.89 40.8 40.8 16.32 first 0.6 4.31 43.1 21.6 8.62 first 2.5 3.91 28.2 14.1 5.61 first 2.7 1.76 7.2 7.2 2.91 third 1.2 1.58 27.6 27.6 11.01 first 2.0 2.23 13.5 13.5 5.41 first 4.3 1.71 8.4 8.4 3.41 second 3.1 2.29 37.9 37.9 15.22 second 1.3 3.37 71.9 36.0 14.42 second 1.0 4.64 24.8 12.4 5.02 second 4.5 4.43 31.4 15.7 6.32 second 1.2 4.20 53.5 26.8 10.72 second 3.6 3.70 27.8 13.9 5.65 first 0.9 10.70 107.4 21.5 9.75 first 0.7 12.40 154.4 30.9 13.9
PRODUCTIVITY IN COMMERCIAL PLANTATIONS
HARVEST SYSTEMSMany prototypes from all over
Europe
• Different technical solutions• Trials in country of origin or in Italy
HARVESTShort rotations: Claas
system (HS2-GBE) + 2-3 tractors
•High productivity•Cheaper system•High mobility
•High moisture (60%)•Small size of wood chips
HARVEST LONGER ROTATIONS• 3 years rotation
• Stems diameter over 15 cm
• New crops (harder wood)
Krone + Woodcut 1500
John Deere + Biopoplar
Substitution of comminuting drum...
HARVESTMedium rotation: forestry systems
Integrated production of chips and pulp logs
Claas system costs 220 €/hour + 3 tractors for 70 €/hora = 430 €/hour : 35 tf/hour = 12 €/tf
Productity depends on many factors: density, planting design, soil type and moisture, stem diameter...
Medium rotation: harvest and transport 20 €/tf
Much room for improvement, flexible system, valuable assortments.
SOME ECONOMIC DATA
10-20 €/tf to farmers, 35-45 €/tf payed by power plants.
FUTURE• Optimization of harvest and transportation;• New cropping systems (longer rotations);• New clones and species.
Species tf/ha ts/ha
ts/ha/y
Populus 43,7 19,6
9,8
Robinia 39,0 24,9
12,5
Paulownia
41,0 18,0
9,0
Moisture
Price €/t
50% 44
40% 55
35% 61
San Marco plant, 2007
DANKE SHÖN!
For more info: Gianni Picchi
http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/k3305e/k3305e00.htm