Download - The Abdominal Wall - Muscles of the Trunk
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The Abdominal WallThe Abdominal Wall
Muscles of the Trunk Muscles of the Trunk
Raymond G Buick FRCS
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Muscles of the Trunk• large cavity• bounded by– posterior abdominal wall– diaphragm– anterior abdominal wall– pelvic floor
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Layers of Abdominal Wall• antero-lateral wall of abdomen• several layers– skin – s/c tissue – a superficial fat and fascial layer– muscles– transversalis fascia– extraperitoneal fat– parietal peritoneum
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Layers of Abdominal Wall– s/c tissue – a superficial fat and fascial layer
• 2 layersCamper’s fascia – thick, fatty layer Scarpa’s Fascia - deeper fascial layer
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Layers of Abdominal Wall– s/c tissue – a superficial fat and fascial layer
thickfatty layer
continuous with superficial. fascia of thigh
Camper’s FasciaCamper’s Fascia
dartos muscle no fatty tissueinvoluntary muscle fibrespale reddish in colour
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Layers of Abdominal Wall– s/c tissue – a superficial fat and fascial layer
deeperthinner layermembranous
large amount of yellow elastic fibres
blends with fascia lata of thigh
Scarpa’s FasciaScarpa’s Fascia
helps form dartos muscle
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Muscles of the Trunk– muscles
• 4 paired muscles
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Muscles of the Trunk
• 3 paired flat muscles + strap muscles– external oblique– internal oblique– transversus abdominis
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Muscles of the Trunk
• 3 paired flat muscles + strap muscles– external oblique - rectus abdominis– internal oblique– transversus abdominis
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Muscles of the Trunk
3 paired muscles rectus abdominis
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Layers of Abdominal Wall• antero-lateral wall of abdomen• several layers– skin – s/c tissue – a superficial fat and fascial layer– muscles– transversalis fascia– extraperitoneal fat– parietal peritoneum
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Layers of Abdominal Walltransversalis fascia (or transverse fascia) • is a thin aponeurotic membrane• thick and dense in structure inferiorly and
thins out as it ascends to the diaphram• deep to transversus abdominis muscle• superficial to extraperitoneal fat and parietal
peritoneum
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Layers of Abdominal Wallextraperitoneal fat
variable with age and location • most apparent in the falciform ligament
below the upper part of the linea alba
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Muscles of the Trunk
3 paired muscles – external oblique– internal oblique– transversus abdominis
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Muscles of the Trunk3 paired muscles– laterally
lower ribs
lumbodorsal fascia
iliac crest
inguinal ligament
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Muscles of the Trunk3 paired muscles– medially
aponeurosis
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Muscles of the Trunk3 paired muscles– medially
linea alba
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Aponeurosis• A sheetlike fibrous membrane resembling a flattened tendon
that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together (or to connect muscle to bone).
• shiny, whitish-silvery colour, • histologically similar to tendons• few blood vessels and nerves• pleural: aponeuroses
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external obliqueexternal obliqueexternal oblique
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external obliqueexternal obliqueexternal oblique
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external obliqueexternal obliqueexternal oblique
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external obliqueexternal obliqueexternal oblique
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external obliqueexternal obliqueexternal oblique
aponeurosisaponeurosis
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external oblique
• inguinal ligament– ant. sup. iliac spine– pubic tubercle
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internal obliqueinternal obliqueinternal oblique
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transversus abdoministransversus transversus abdominisabdominis
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transversus abdoministransversus transversus abdominisabdominis
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external obliqueexternal oblique
3 flat muscles
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external obliqueexternal oblique
internal obliqueinternal oblique
3 flat muscles
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external obliqueexternal oblique
internal obliqueinternal oblique
transverse abdoministransverse abdominis
3 flat muscles
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rectus abdominis
rectus rectus abdominisabdominis
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rectus abdominis
tendinous intersectionstendinous intersections
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an additional muscle
PyramidalisPyramidalis
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Muscles of the Trunk
PyramidalisPyramidalis
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Rectus Sheath
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Rectus Sheath
level of arcuate line
linea semicircularis
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Rectus Sheath – upper 3/4
transversus transversus abdominisabdominis
internal obliqueinternal oblique
external obliqueexternal oblique
transversalis fasciatransversalis fascia
peritoneuperitoneumm
linea albalinea alba
extraperitoneal extraperitoneal fatfat
skinskin
s/c s/c tissuetissue
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Muscles of the Trunk
transversus transversus abdominisabdominis
internal obliqueinternal oblique
external external obliqueoblique
transversalis fasciatransversalis fascia
peritoneumperitoneum
upper three quarters lower quarter
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arcuate line linea semicircularis
or Douglas' line
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SpigelianSpigelianHerniaHernia
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