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The Age of Enlightenment
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Can you make reason out of this video? I can’t!!
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jofNR_WkoCE
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Europe in 1700
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The Enlightenment
• philosophers• Rejection of
Old Regime of Europe
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The Enlightenment
• Enlightenment =Awakening of Europe
• 1600—1750.• Challenged people to question
their existence.• France and England were the
only two countries that were not ruled by enlightened rulers in the1700’s.
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Frederick II of Prussia
• Created state sponsored education
• A poet, musician and composer.
• Encouraged studies at universities.
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Joseph II of Austria• Created a state
educational system and encouraged industry.
• Abolished serfdom (peasantry).
• Promoted religious tolerance and justice for all.
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Catherine the Great of Russia
• She was intelligent, wrote plays, edited journals.
• She saw public relations as very important.
• She codified (wrote down) laws.
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• The philosophers provided these despots ideas to work with to try and make their countries the greatest in Europe.
• All were educated and got their ideas from antiquity (ancient Greek culture).
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Rene Descartes (1595—1650)
• Descartes believed that the world was created by God, but nature takes it course. (Realism)
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John Locke (1632—1704)
• Locke believed that people are NOT born with ideas, but they survive only through the basic intuition to seek pleasure and avoid pain.
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Thomas Hobbes (1588—1679)
• Leviathon.• He talks about
man-kind having a social contract with government in which they cede their rights for protection by government.
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Sir Isaac Newton (1642—1727)
• Newton believed in pure science, particularly the laws of motion and optics.
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Voltaire (1694—1778)
• “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”
• “Liberty, Equality, and the Pursuit of Happiness”
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Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712—
1778)• “Man is born
free, yet everywhere he is in chains.”
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Denis Diderot (1713—1784)
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Failure of the Enlightenment
• Enlightened European monarchs used “reason” only when it suited their own aims.
• In France, the King was still absolute and he failed to adopt enlightened reforms.
• “Absolute power corrupts, absolutely.”
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King Louis XIV(1638—1715)
• Louis XIV was an absolute ruler.
• “Le roi, soleil”• He was wary of
his ministers so he had them all housed at his royal palace in Versailles.
• It cost the country millions!
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King Louis XV (1715—1774)
• Louis XV became king at age 5 when his grandfather died. (His father had died before him.)
• He was married at age 15 and was involved in many “affairs.”
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King Louis XV (1715—1774)
• Seven Years War (1757—1763).
• The country was driven into severe debt.
• Unfortunately, Louis showed no signs to stop his exuberant spending.
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King Louis XV
• 200 000 livres often were spent a day to entertain him.
• He kept 3000 horses.
• 10 000 servants watched over him.
• 30 physicians attended to his health.
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King Louis XV• Louis XV spent 68 million livres, ¼ of
the government revenue, was spent on himself. People suffered poverty and crushing taxes.
• When confronted with the facts that France was heading towards bankruptcy by his ministers, he replied: “Things as they are will last through my time (Apres moi, le deluge.)”
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Louis XVI (1754—1793)