The All Island Grid Study and Beyond
Integrating Large Scale Generation of Electricity from Renewable Sources into Ireland’s National
Grid
Paul Smith BE, MIE, CEng, FIEI, MIETEirGrid plc
26th November 2008
Commitment and Dispatch Study
Network Study
Costs and Benefits
Renewable generation portfolios
Conventional + Renewable
gen portfolios
Resource Assessment
Geo-spread portfolios
Screening Study
Critical Dispatches
Dispatch Information
Network Information
Investment, O&M Costs
Interconnections assumed in Grid Study
IRELAND
ENGLAND
SCOTLAND
WALES
Screening Study
• Considered a wide range of input parameters (gas price, carbon price, financing costs etc,)
• Identified a range of scenarios to be considered in the more detailed studies
Gas prices €2 - €12/GJCO2 prices €0 - €100/tonne
020
4060
80100
24
68
1012
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
Carbon Price (€/Ton of CO2)Gas Price (€/GJ)
Pen
etra
tion
of W
ind
Cap
acity
in L
east
-Cos
t Por
tfolio
s (M
W)
0 20 40 60 80 1002
4
6
8
10
121000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Carbon Price (€/Ton of CO2)
Gas Price (€/GJ)
Pen
etra
tion
of C
oal/L
igni
te C
apac
ity in
Lea
st-C
ost P
ortfo
lios
(MW
)
Portfolios
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
Portfolio 1 Portfolio 2 Portfolio 3 Portfolio 4 Portfolio 5 Portfolio 6
CCGT (old and new) Old Coal_PeatNew Coal Old GasoilConv. Gas New OCGTStorage New ADGTBase renewables WindOther renewables
MW
9600 MWmax. load
3500 MWmin. load
59 %42 %27 %27 %27 %16 %Energy
59 %47 %36 %36 %36 %23 %Capacity
59 %42 %27 %27 %27 %16 %Energy
59 %47 %36 %36 %36 %23 %Capacity
Share of Renewables
Societal Costs of Adopting Portfolios
1522181820CO2 emissions [Mt/a]
42%27%27%27%16%RE share of demand
1,4081,206 1,209 1,105 1,015
603
527 552 655
460
331
269348
138
129
551945
945
945 1,464
43
63439237
642
42299279
215
€3,368€3,325€3,312€3,268€3,198
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
Portfolio 1 Portfolio 2 Portfolio 3 Portfolio 4 Portfolio 5Additio
nal
soci
etal
cost
for
elec
tric
ity
pro
visi
on [
MEuro
/a]
Operational cost w/o CO2 Cost of CO2
Net Payments Export/Import Annual invest renewable Generation
Annual invest network reinforcement Annual fixed cost new conv. Generation
Fuel Usage
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Annual
fuel
consu
mption [
PJ]
Gasoil
Coal
Gas
Gasoil 8 3 9 2 3
Coal 86 81 88 150 75
Gas 203 174 167 139 146
Portfolio 1 Portfolio 2 Portfolio 3 Portfolio 4 Portfolio 5
Impact on thermal generation
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
CCGT (old &new)
Conv. Gas New ADGT New Coal New OCGT Old coal &peat
Old Gasoil
Portfolio 1
Portfolio 2
Portfolio 3
Portfolio 4
Portfolio 5
Capacity factor thermal generators
Existing 220kV and 275 kV
Existing 400 kV
New 220 kV and 275 kV
Total length of transmission lines to be reinforced
The EirGrid Goal
Renewable Facilitation Policy
“… EirGrid intends to be a world leader in the facilitation of renewables. In order to achieve this, EirGrid is committed to proactively working with all stakeholders and customers to ensure all government targets in relation to renewables are realised while ensuring the continued security, safety and reliability of the power system.”
The Challenge: Government Targets
Indicative Trajectory(trajectory from RES-E Directive)
900
1400
1900
2400
2900
3400
3900
4400
4900
5400
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2020
Year
Inst
alle
d W
ind
MW
33% Installed 40% Installed
Source: RES‐E Directive using a 30% load factor for wind and a contribution from installed hydro plant
Making it all work by 2020
Generation Portfolio
Operational
Infrastructure
Making it all work by 2020
Generation Portfolio
Operational
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
• Interconnection• Grid 25 – EirGrid’s Grid Development Strategy
Portfolio
Performance
Infrastructure
Operational
Insert map with Woodland and Rush –
Woodland
Deeside
Connecting Ireland and Britain
East West Interconnector - Progress
• Tender negotiations commencing & supplier to be chosen soon
• Grid connection points, marine survey and extensive route analysis 2007 -2008
• Consultation with local authorities and public in Ireland and Wales
• Planning application to An Bord Pleanála on 18/11
• Interconnector route exempt from planning in the UK, only required for converter station
© Crown Copyright and/or database rights. Reproduced by permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office and theUK Hydrographic Office (www.ukho.gov.uk). Not to be used for Navigation.
East West Interconnector – Next Steps
• Continuing consultation• Planning application processing • Foreshore licenses• Commence construction 2010
– Subject to contract and planning • Targeting completion for 2012
Further Interconnection
“We will ask EirGrid to undertake cost benefit analysis and feasibility planning within the next two years for decisions in relation to further interconnection with Britain or potentially with Europe”
• This study is now in progress
Other interconnector projects
Source: www.imerapower.com
Other interconnector projects
Source: www.imerapower.com
GRID25 is essential to:
• Supporting growth in the regions and ensuring continued reliability and security of supply;
• Providing high-quality, high voltage bulk power supply for Ireland that will enable the different regions to attract in future industry and boost existing industry;
• Exploiting Ireland’s natural renewable sources of energy (wind and wave);
• Reducing Ireland’s carbon emissions by transmitting renewable energy in line with Government policy;
• Increasing Ireland’s connectivity to the European Grid, allowing for both bulk exports of electricity and imports of electricity whenappropriate
Geographic Distribution of Renewables
*
2,111270
240
160
987
514
1,678
1,792
*
GRID25 Primary Corridors for Reinforcement Investigation
Development Requirement Estimates
• 1,150 km new build (~20% increase of existing network)– 800 km EHV (220/275/400 kV) – 350 km 110 kV
• 2,300 km uprate of existing network – 1,100 km EHV– 1,200 km 110 kV
• Total Cost €4 billion
KILTOY
CATHALEEN'SFALL
CLIFF
SLIGO
TAWNAGHMORE
MOY
CASTLEBAR
RICHMOND
MULLINGAR
ATHLONE
CARRICK-ON-
SHANNON
LANESBORO
BINBANE
TO STRABANE
SHANKILL
BELLACORICK
CLOON
TO ENNISKILLEN
GOLAGH
GILRA
GORTAWEE
ARVA
LETTERKENNY
ARIGNA
TRILLICK
DALTON
CORRACLASSYCUNGHILL
TONROE
MEENTYCAT
DRUMKEEN
DERRYIRON
CORDERRY
BUNBEG
TIEVEBRACK
SRANANAGH
FLAGFORD
SO
CAMUS
Sample: North West• Demand growth
– BMW region– NSS gateways & hubs
• New generation driving west-to-east power flows– High levels of renewable resources– Opportunity for gas-fired generation
• Grid largely 110 kV, lightly interconnected with NI
880 MW Wind240 MW WavePeat, Biomass, Gas potential
690 MW Wind
266 MW Wind
KILTOY
CATHALEEN'SFALL
CLIFF
SLIGO
TAWNAGHMORE
MOY
CASTLEBAR
RICHMOND
MULLINGAR
ATHLONE
CARRICK-ON-
SHANNON
LANESBORO
BINBANE
TO STRABANE
SHANKILL
BELLACORICK
CLOON
TO ENNISKILLEN
GOLAGH
GILRA
GORTAWEE
ARVA
LETTERKENNY
ARIGNA
TRILLICK
DALTON
CORRACLASSYCUNGHILL
TONROE
MEENTYCAT
DRUMKEEN
DERRYIRON
CORDERRY
BUNBEG
TIEVEBRACK
SRANANAGH
FLAGFORD
SO
CAMUS
North West
500 MW new grid capacity;
Uprate 470 km of existing network
6-900 MW new grid capacity;
Uprate 180 km of
existing network
• Developments– North Donegal wind will be
transported through NI by new tie-lines
– High capacity connection into Mayo– Upgrading of significant amount of
existing network
South-West
West
North-West
East
North-East
South-East
Regional Developments
Midlands
• Srananagh• Binbane-Letterkenny• Mayo to East• Donegal – NI• Upgrade 700km
• N-S Interconnector• Kingscourt-Woodland• West to East• Dundalk reinforcement• Upgrade 240km
• Shannon Estuary• Limerick & Ennis• Upgrade 250km
• Cork network• Wind Connection• South West to South East• Upgrade 130km
• 220 kV load stations• Capacity into region• Dublin City capacity• Dublin By-pass• Kildare & N. Wicklow• Upgrade 450km
• Tapping into 400kV• Athlone, Mullingar & Tullamore• Upgrade 225km
• Dublin - Cork capacity• Major cities and towns• Upgrade 490km
Issues: InfrastructurePortfolio
Performance
Infrastructure
Operational
• Identifying infrastructure requirements– What to build? When?– What technologies?
• Building it on time– Obtaining permissions and wayleaves– Building
• Connecting generation– Issuing connection offers– Building connections
Making it all work by 2020
Generation Portfolio
Infrastructure
Operational
Operational ‐ Increasing Complexity
• New and improved tools and facilities• Operating closer to limits
– Dynamic rating of overhead lines– Special protection schemes
• Develop and learn– Training– Studies and simulations– Learn from others– Identify and implement best practice
Generation Portfolio
Infrastructure
Operational
Operational ‐ Variability
• Flexible portfolio:– Non-renewable generation– Demand response
• Power System Frequency– Automatic Generation Control
• System Voltage– Interconnection and renewable generation changes sources of
reactive power– Increased network loading increases reactive losses– New reactive power strategy
Generation Portfolio
Infrastructure
Operational
Operational ‐ Uncertainty
• Wind generation uncertainty– Prediction, Anemos, Safewind
• Demand uncertainty– Transport electrification– Effect of Smart Metering
– Better demand prediction– Exploit Smart Meters – demand response
Generation Portfolio
Infrastructure
Operational
Making it all work by 2020
Operational
Infrastructure
Generation Portfolio
Issues: Portfolio Performance
• Identifying the properties of a conventional fleet capable of supporting renewable targets
– All Island Grid Study Follow On will quantify levels of flexibility required to support target levels of renewable energy
Infrastructure
Operational Generation Portfolio
Flexible Portfolio
• New flexible generation• Exploit flexibility of existing generators• Improved plant controls• Electricity market issues
• Demand response• Storage
Infrastructure
Operational Generation Portfolio
Issues: Portfolio Performance
• Incentivising and supporting the necessary flexibility– Develop a holistic policy for energy, capacity and
ancillary services payments to ensure delivery of the services required.
Infrastructure
Operational Generation Portfolio
Issues: Portfolio Performance
• Supporting standards for a changing power system– Develop the Grid Code to deal with the changing
nature of the power system
– Develop and implement a performance monitoring framework to ensure all users of the Grid are and remain complaint
Infrastructure
Operational Generation Portfolio
The Challenge
• Irish Government target is now 40% of electricity generation from renewable sources by 2020
• Northern Ireland Minister Foster has said that 33% renewables is a reasonable target
Indicative Trajectory(trajectory from RES-E Directive)
900
1400
1900
2400
2900
3400
3900
4400
4900
5400
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2020
Year
Inst
alle
d W
ind
MW
40% Installed
The Challenge
• Enormous challenge to – Construct the renewable generators– Connect them to the grid– Reinforce the grid– Construct interconnectors– Deliver the complementary non-renewable generation portfolio– Develop and implement new operational practices– Develop and implement market arrangements for energy and
ancillary services– Review and refine technical standards for renewable and non-
renewable generators (Grid Code) and monitor compliance
Meeting the challengeEngagement and support of all Stakeholders
Electricity users
Non renewable generators
PUBLIC
Transmission & Distribution operators & owners
Wind farm ownersWind turbine
manufacturers
Public
authorities
Regulators
Landowners
Farming organisations
Meeting the challengeResearch and development
• Renewable generation technology– Fault ride through,– Reactive power capability, – Inertia, – Frequency response
• Flexible non-renewable generators– Low minimum stable output, – Quick start, – High ramp rates, – Inertia, – Frequency response– Emissions performance,
Meeting the challengeResearch and development
• Demand and Storage– Exploiting demand response– Storage Technologies– Benefits of storage– Integration and operation of demand response and storage
• Operation and control strategies• Power system analysis methods and tools
Meeting the challengeEngineers
• Engineers needed to innovate, design, specify, supervise, manage and operate etc.– Renewable generators– Non-renewable generators– Network connections– Transmission and distribution infrastructure– Submarine interconnections– Electrical energy and ancillary service markets– Integrated power system– Communication and control
Acknowledgements
• EirGrid for permission to make this presentation • EirGrid colleagues for support and assistance throughout
the All Island Grid Study and in preparing this presentation
• All Island Grid Study team• NIE, Government Departments, SEI, Action Renewables,
Regulators, Prof. M. O’MalleyConsultants
• Dr. R. Doherty, ESBI, Risø, Univ. Stuttgart, TNEI, Univ. Strathclyde, Ecofys, Ecar
END