Download - The American Revolution
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The American The American RevolutionRevolution
Chapter 6, pg. 150 - 183
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Section 1: The Revolution Begins
• Pg. 152 - 156
• Objectives• Determine how colonists tried to find a
peaceful solution with England• Evaluate how the fighting at Lexington and
Concord affected the colonies’ conflict with England
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First Continental Congress
• Meeting of American leaders• John Dickinson - we should
make peace
• Patrick Henry - there’s no way to avoid a fight
• A compromise• Continue boycott of
English goods
• Tell militia to get ready to fight
• Send list of grievances to King
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The “shot heard round the world”
• American “minutemen” gather weapons• English General Thomas
Gage sends out troops to capture weapons
• Paul Revere warns Americans
• English met at Lexington by 75 Americans• Shot rings out, both sides
open fire• English move on to
Concord
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American victory at Concord
• English move on to Concord• Americans pour into
Concord from all directions
• English retreat, Americans pursue
• 250 English soldiers killed
• News of victory gets more American support for war
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Second Continental Congress
• American leaders have to respond to fighting• Don’t break away from
England yet• Appoint Washington
commander of army• Send out Olive Branch
Petition - last chance for peace
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Americans gather strength
• Americans have manpower, but few good weapons• Ethan Allen and
Benedict Arnold seize Fort Ticonderoga
• Henry Knox transports cannons down to Boston
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Meanwhile, in Boston
• A siege, almost• Americans have Boston
surrounded, but no cannons yet
• English attack American position at Bunker Hill
• 1,000 English dead, 400 Americans
• Washington and Knox arrive• English General Howe
evacuates Boston
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The story so far …
• Americans• Have plenty of troops, but little experience or good
weaponry
• Excited after early victories
• English• Have more troops on the way from England
• Very experienced, very good weaponry and training
• Embarrassed and angry after early defeats
• Tough times ahead for Americans
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Section 2: Declaring Independence
• Pg. 158 - 161
• Objectives• Evaluate the influence of Thomas Paine’s
Common Sense on the colonies• Identify the main ideas expressed in the
Declaration of Independence• Explain Americans’ reaction to the Delclaration
of Independence
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Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
• Pamphlet that argued for American independence• One of the best-selling
books in American history
• Convinced many Americans to support independence
• Paine’s arguments• Why should an island rule a
continent?
• Would we get dragged into European wars?
• If England is our “mother country,” why would she want to punish her “child”?
• How efficient is it for them to rule us?
• How are we an “English” nation?
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Declaration of Independence
• Second Continental Congress votes for independence from England• Thomas Jefferson drafts the
declaration
• Ideas in declaration – most from the Enlightenment• We have inalienable rights
(life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)
• King George had violated those rights
• We have the right to break away from England
Declaration of Independence approved on July 4, 1776
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The colonists choose sides
• Americans choose sides
• Patriots support independence• Include Patrick Henry, Ben
Franklin, and Washington
• Intimidated or beat Loyalists
• Loyalists support the king• Include Sam Curwen,
William Franklin, and Tom Fairfax
• Some fled to Canada or the Caribbean
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An imperfect declaration?
• Some groups felt ignored by the declaration• Women
• “All men are created equal.” What about women?
• Slaves• How can we value liberty
and value slavery at the same time?
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Dark Hours for the Revolution
• Pg. 166 – 269
• Objectives• This • Also that
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Comparing strengths and weaknesses
American forces
• Had very little money and resources
• Had no navy at all
• Soldiers were mostly poorly-trained and equipped militia
• Had a cause to believe in
• Most of the civilians in the colonies supported the Patriots
English forces
• More money and resources
• Best army and navy in the world
• Soldiers were all well-trained professionals
• Included Hessian mercenaries (guns-for-hire)
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A call to arms• Both sides gathered forces,
but had some problems• Americans - problems with
pay, problems with enlistments
• English – problems with supplies
• Problems with slaves• Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation
• Slaves who joined the English would get their freedom
• Washington’s about-face• First banned blacks, then allowed
them later
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Other sources of help
• Both sides got help from unexpected places• English – alliance with Joseph
Brant got the Iroquois tribes on their side
• Many potential American soldiers stayed home to protect their homes form Indians
• Americans – women contributed by providing supplies and inspiration
• “Molly Pitcher”
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The low point of the war for the Patriots
• Thomas Paine’s The Crisis• “These are the times that
try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he who stands by it now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like Hell, is not easily conquered.”
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British victories• We show our inexperience
• Quebec in 1775• Our attempt to invade Canada
collapses entirely
• Long Island in 1776• Washington’s first major battle is a
disaster• English easily defeat us – a mistake
keeps us from losing the war in that battle
• Continental Congress looks to replace Washington
• Replacement is captured by English outside a bar