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The American System
• Proposed by Henry Clay• Program of national
economic development• Supported by Madison & the
D-Rs• Three Components:
– Bank of the United States– Protective Tariffs– Development of roads and
canals
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Second Bank of the U.S. 1816 (BUS)
• D-Rs had allowed the 1st Bank of the U.S. to expire in 1811
• 1816: reversed their opinion– State & local banks had
begun printing their own money leading to depreciation
• Passed and given a 20 year charter
• Not supported by the Federalists
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Tariff of 1816
• 1st protective tariff in U.S. history
• 1815: England & U.S. were trading again
• British goods threatened U.S. manufacturers
• Congress (w/Madison’s approval) passes a tariff to protect the production of American goods
• 20-25% tax on some imported goods
• Not supported by the Federalists
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Development of roads and canals
• Madison supported NATIONAL development
• Government would only support INTERstate roads and canals
• INTRAstate roads and canals had to be funded by the states
• Madison would veto any legislation for intrastate transportation
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The Election of 1816
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The Basics
• Two term President
• 1817-1825• Country united
under 1 political party
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Death of the Federalists
• Lost popular support because of the War of 1812 and the Hartford Convention
• Last election they participated in was 1816
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The Election of 1820
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John Quincy Adams
• J.Q. Adams was the Secretary of State under Monroe
• ALL foreign relations accomplishments were due to him
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Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817)
• Treaty signed between Britain & the U.S.
• Demilitarized the Great Lake region– BRITAIN FINALLY LEAVING!!
• Final end to the hostilities between the 2 nations
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Treaty of 1818
• Between Britain & the U.S.
• Established a border between British Canada & U.S. at the 49th parallel
• Britain & U.S. agree to share Oregon
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Adams–Onis Treaty (1819)
• 1817: Andrew Jackson attacks Spanish forts in Florida
• Convinces the Spanish the can not defend it any longer
• 1819 Treaty: the U.S. will buy Florida from Spain and agree to a southern border
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The United States: 1824
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Monroe Doctrine (1823)• Spain’s colonies in the
W. Hemisphere declaring their independence
• U.S. only country to recognize them
• Holy Alliance offers to help Spain re-colonize
• What to do?• England offers to make a
joint statement – Adams says NO
• December 2, 1823 Monroe presents the Doctrine to Congress
• European powers no longer able to colonize or interfere in the Western Hemisphere
• Britain enforced
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Panic of 1819• 1st major financial crisis of
the U.S. • Causes:
– End of European Wars– Land Speculation
• Blamed on the BUS• Began a confrontation
between the North and South regarding tariffs that would continue until the Civil War
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The “Peculiar Institution” called Slavery
• Northern states had all abolished slavery by 1819
• Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney in 1793
• Cotton became “King” as the southern cash crop
• VERY labor intensive
• Slavery became entrenched in the Southern way of life
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Western Settlement• Explosive westward movement between 1800 & 1820
• ¼ of the population moved west
18101810 18201820
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Western Settlement• Reasons:
– Cheap Land– Land Exhaustion– Economic Stress– Crushing of the Indians
• New States: AL (1819), IL (1818), IN (1816), KY (1792), LA (1812), MS (1817), OH (1803), and TN (1796)
• States entered alternately as slave or non-slave to maintain a balance
• Divided at the Mason Dixon Line
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Missouri Compromise (1820)
• 1820 Missouri applied for statehood
• Problem?– Wanted to be a slave state– Would upset the sectional balance of 11-11
• North did not want South to have advantage in the Senate
• South did not want North to have both the HOR & Senate
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Missouri Compromise (1820)• Tallmadge Amendment
proposed:– Proposed a gradual end to
slavery• North agreed – passed in the
HOR• South disagreed – failed in the
Senate• Henry Clay proposed a
Compromise– MO admitted as slave– ME admitted as free– No Slavery above the 36°30’
line• Both sides agreed
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The Candidates
John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams[MA][MA]
Henry ClayHenry Clay[KY][KY] William H. William H.
CrawfordCrawford[GA][GA]
Andrew Andrew JacksonJackson
[TN][TN]
All are from the SAME political party:Democratic-Republicans
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The Election of 1824