Download - The Ancestral Pueblo People: The Anasazi
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The Ancestral Pueblo People:
The Anasazi
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Who were the Anasazi?Their tribes
evolved from nomadic to sedentary
They are the ancestors of the
modern- day Pueblo Indians.
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Location of the AnasaziThey were made up of about 20 different Tribes found in Arizona, Utah, New Mexico and Colorado.
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ANASAZI HISTORY• Archaeologists identified the Anasazi culture
through artifacts found in the ancient dwellings
• The earliest traces of the Anasazi were discovered to be from year 1 A.D. to 1300 A.D
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ANASAZI HISTORY• By 1000 AD the Anasazi
People were establishing permanent villages
• Between 1275-1300 AD they had abandoned their Mesa Verde dwellings and moved south, east and west along the Rio Grande River
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ANASAZI VILLAGESThe Anasazi created what Archeologists refer to as “Kivas”.
Kivas are communal, above ground buildings that belonged to an individual families or entire clans
Probably used as working and/or sleeping quarters
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ANASAZI VILLAGES• Switched from Kivas between 1200-1300 AD
to the “Cliff-Dwelling” style of architecture
• Large storerooms became prominent features in Anasazi villages in order to store surplus crops
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• It is believed they were governed by Clan Elders.• Their society is matriarchal, meaning that homes
and farm land are owned by and inherited from the mother
• However, some kinds of civil and religious authority were reserved for men. The village chief or kikmongwi was usually a man.
Anasazi Social Structure
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Anasazi Farming Practices
• At first, they were only hunters and gatherers.• The Anasazi improved their techniques by using terrace
farming along Rio Grande River.
AnasaziSymbol for fertilization
• They farmed mesa tops, plains and canyon bottoms• They captured rain water runoff for agricultural uses• Farming supported as many as 20,000 people
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Food Sources• Primary food sources- corn, beans and squash, grown
during 7 months.
• The Anasazi relied heavily on hunting mountain sheep, elk, mule deer, black bear, antelope and squirrels. Hunting parties also brought back wild plants to supplement the tribe's diet.
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What kind of clothing did
the Anasazi wear?• They wove blankets, shirts, robes, aprons, kilts, breechcloths, socks, and belts using various plant fibers, animal hair, and human hair.
• Shoes- sandals, moccasins, and possibly snowshoes. • Jewelry defined social status- Necklaces, earrings, bracelets,
arm bands, hair combs, and pins were made from wood, bone, shell, coral, coal, and stone beads.
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Anasazi Religious Ceremonies
• Pueblo religion-maintaining harmony with the natural world, which was the key to survival for ancient people.
Pueblo Feast Day in NewMexico
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Anasazi Religious Ceremonies
• Religious concepts/events linked with seasonal tasks- farming (in spring and summer), hunting (in fall and winter)
• Animal figures pecked or painted on rock- possibly prayer/rituals for successful hunting. • Public and Private
Ceremonies were held.
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Did the Anasazi communicate and trade with other tribes?
• YES, the Anasazi Did trade with Other Tribes!
• They were not isolated from other tribes and participated in trading with other tribes from as far as the Pacific Coast, Gulf of Mexico and the Great Plains.
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Anasazi Pottery
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Anasazi Tools
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Anasazi ROCK ART
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THE MYSTERY OF THE ANASAZI
• Theories- starvation, war, civil war, poor sanitation and environmental degradation.
• A major drought between 1275 and 1300 possibly forced the Anasazi to abandon their Mesa Verde villages.
• The Anasazi Mystery Website- Further information
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Mesa Verde National Park
Mesa Verde National Park WebsiteAnasazi State Park Museum Website (in Utah)
Present day Pueblo cultural center