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The Beatles
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Brian Epstein
• Bob Wooler and My Bonnie by the Beatles
• Pride in his ability
• Decca, Brian Poole and the Tremeloes
• Stu Sutcliffe dies
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George Martin and the Parlophone
• June 1962, Beatles audition
• Pete Best
• Richard Starkey and Ringo
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The Heroes of Liverpool
• Radio, television and tour appearances
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Beatlemania—American Style
• Real Rock ‘n’ Roll was not exclusively American music
• Ed Sullivan
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I Want to Hold Your Hand
• Recorded in October 1963
• Opening a compendium of 50s Rock and Roll
• First two musical phrases demonstrate this
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Beatlemania—American Style
• Mass popularity in America
• Top 5 April 4, 1964
• International popularity
• Lifestyle
• Drugs
• Third tour to the United States
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The Middle Period: Experimentation
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Yesterday
• Written January 1964 but recorded June 1965
• Pre-rock pop song
• Melody develops from a short, simple riff
• Six sections in AABABA pattern
• 32-measure AABA form
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Yesterday
• McCartney’s singing• Simple acoustic guitar accompaniment
outlines a delicate eight-beat rhythm• String accompaniment updated• Gone is the nuclear rock band of 2 guitars,
bass and drums• Stronger connection between words and
music
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Rubber Soul Drive My Car
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Rubber Soul Drive My Car
• Cinematic
• Sexual tension
• Humorous possibility
• Accompaniment shows collaboration
• McCartney, all the details in place
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Rubber Soul Drive My Car
• Otis Redding’s Respect
• No rhythm guitar
• Only chorus has solid chords (heard on piano)
• Sounds like soul music
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Yesterday and Today
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Revolver Eleanor Rigby
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Revolver Eleanor Rigby
• Unprecedented topic
• Broke sharply with pop song conventions
• Detached delivery
• Time passes, without apparent purpose
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Revolver Eleanor Rigby
• Musical setting as bleak as the words
• String octet (four violins, two violas, two cellos)
• String sound is sparse
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Revolver Eleanor Rigby
• Chord progressions emulate rock accompaniment
• Static melody and harmony
• Repetitive rhythm of accompaniment
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Revolver Eleanor Rigby
• Pop becoming Art?
• Classical-style string accompaniment
• Comparable to Schubert’s art songs
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Penny Lane and Strawberry Fields
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The Later Beatles: Revolution
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Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band
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Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds
• Verse creates dreamy state
• Lyrics contain numerous psychedelic images (marmalade skies)
• Music floats in waltz time
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Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds
• Impression of a person in the middle of an acid trip
• Chorus is straight-ahead Rock and Roll
• Conveys normalcy
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A Day in the Life
• Mundane vs. elevated consciousness
• Music with words vs. instrumental
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A Day in the Life
Four Scenes
1. Lennon’s response to a man who dies in his car while, Lennon suspects, he was tripping
2. Lennon attending a film
3. Lennon in modern life—work is mundane and competitive
4. Lennon’s commentary on counting potholes
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A Day in the Life
• Starts with soloist and guitar
• Other instruments layer
• Juxtaposed to massive orchestral block of sound
• Echoes of Pendercki’s Threnody for Victims of Hiroshima (1960)
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A Day in the Life
• Well-known vs. obscure music
• Tasteful drumming: inventive bass lines
• Doubling of the tempo in the “Woke up” section
• Trills on “Laugh” and “photograph”
• Transition to the acid trip
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A Day in the Life
• Melodic leap followed by trill blends seamlessly into orchestral texture
• Final chord
• An “OM”
• Striking ending
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The White Album
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Abbey Road
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The “Death” of Paul and the Beatles Break-Up
• Back masking
• The Paul-is-Dead hoax
• By 1970, it was clear that the Beatles were each going separate ways
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Summary
• Their influence on the music is undeniable
• Other influences
• Hard mainstream rock, avant-garde rock, psychedelic rock, symphonic rock, and light-hearted rock
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Summary
• No longer was Rock simply fun music; it was serious
• Four directions
• John Lennon in the 1970s
• Superstitions
• Beatlemania end?
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