Download - The cell
![Page 1: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Prepared by:
Noynay, Joanna Cristy A.
![Page 2: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The length of your thumb is about the same as that of your nose.Humans share 60% of DNA with a banana.The jaw is the strongest muscle in the human body in terms of exerting force.The nails on long fingers grow faster than short fingers; and fingernails grow four times faster than toenails.There's about 1.8m (6 ft) long DNA inside every cell nucleus in our body, and an average adult body contains around 50 trillion (million million) cells.Corneas are the only tissues that don't require blood.The length between your elbow and hand (forearm) equals the length of your foot.The lightest organ in the human body is the lung. If you fully stretch your arms out, the fingertip to fingertip length is almost exactly your body height.
![Page 3: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
•From the Latin word “cella” meaning small room.•It is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things
![Page 4: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
![Page 5: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
It is single-celled
Very simple when compared with eukaryotic
No cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.
One circular chromosome . The DNA openly travels around the cell
Reproduction is through binary fission.
![Page 6: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bacteria
![Page 7: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
From the Latin word “eu” means true and “karya” which means nucleus
Either unicellular or multicellular
Contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
Can reproduce in one of several ways: meiosis, mitosis
![Page 8: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Plant cells
Animal cells
molds
algae
![Page 9: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Organelle◦a tiny structure that carries out a specific function for a cell
![Page 10: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nucleus
Information or the control center
of the cell
It houses and protects the cells
genetic information (DNA) and
separates the it from the rest of the cell.
Nucleolus
Dense region where ribosomes
are made .
![Page 11: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cell wallMost commonly found in plant cells
Controls turgidity
Extracellular structure surrounding
plasma membrane
Plasma membraneOuter membrane of cell that
controls cellular traffic
Contains proteins (left, gray) that span through the membrane and allow passage of materials
Proteins are surrounded by a phospholipid bi-layer.
![Page 12: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CentriolesPaired cylindrical organelles
near nucleus. Composed of nine tubes,
each with three tubules
Involved in cellular division
ChloropastsOval shaped organelle in a
plant cell that uses the sun's energy
to make glucose. PLANTS ONLY
![Page 13: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lysosomeorganelle that breaks down waste
for the cell. ANIMALS ONLY
Cytoplasmjellylike fluid that holds organelles
in place.
MitochondriaPowerhouse of the cell. Creates
energy for the cell (ATP) during
respiration. Looks like bean with a
maze inside.
![Page 14: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ribosomes◦ Builds proteins for the cell.
◦ Looks like small circles.
Endoplasmic reticulum◦ Stores, separates, and serves as
cell's transport system◦ Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
◦ Rough type (pictured): ribosomes
embedded in surface
Golgi apparatus◦ Protein 'packaging plant'
![Page 15: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Vacuoles◦ storage area for a cell
◦ (often holds food and water).
![Page 16: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Shape
◦Animal cells are rounded and somewhat irregular
◦Plant cells are rectangular in shapeCellular structure◦ Animals have centrioles and lysosomes which plant cells do not have
![Page 17: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
◦Animal cells do not have a cell wall. Instead of a cell wall, the plasma membrane is the outer boundary of animal cells
◦Both cell types have vacuoles, however, in animal cells vacuoles are very tiny or absent, while in plant cells vacuoles are generally quite large
![Page 18: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Quiz : put check mark in the column where each of these structure are found
Cell structure Plant cell only Animal cell only Both plant and animal
cell
1. Chloroplasts
2. Centrioles
3. Nucleus
4. Cell wall
5. Vacuole
6. Mitochondrion
7. Cell membrane
8. Endoplasmic reticulum
9. Golgi body
10. Ribosomes
![Page 20: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Assignment:
What is the next level in the hierarchy of organism after this first level which is the cell?
![Page 21: The cell](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081404/55a14eb41a28abc2488b46be/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)