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The Classification of The Classification of Living OrganismsLiving Organisms
The Five KingdomsThe Five Kingdoms
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The Five Kingdom Classification
of Living OrganismsIt is generally agreed that all organisms
belong to one of five Kingdoms.
All the members of any one Kingdom
may look extremely different from one another
but all share certain significant features in common
which set them apart from the members of any other Kingdom
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Prokaryotae
Bacteria and blue-green bacteria (or cyanobacteria)
e.g. Spirillum, Staphylococcus•Cells are prokaryotic (no nucleus, no organelles) and very small (< 10 m)
•Autotrophic (chemosynthesis or photosynthesis)
and heterotrophic
•Cells have cell wall made of peptidoglycans/murein
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Protoctista
e.g. seaweeds
Plasmodium (the cause of malaria),
Foraminiferans, Paramecium
Diatoms
Amoeba
Spirogyra alga Euglena
Trypanosoma
(the cause of sleeping sickness)
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•Eukaryotic; unicellular and multicellular
•Autotrophic (e.g. seaweeds)
and heterotrophic (e.g. Plasmodium)
•Cells of some have cellulose walls (e.g. seaweeds)
whilst cells of other do not (e.g. Plasmodium)•Organisms are classed here if they
•do not fit into any other Kingdom
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Fungi
Moulds, yeasts, mushrooms
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•Eukaryotic
•Heterotrophic
•Cells have walls made of chitin
(a type of glucose-based polymer with attached amino acids, so different to cellulose)
•Some unicellular (e.g. yeasts) but usually body is a multicellular (but often no separate cells, so more accurately multinucleate)) mass (mycelium) of thread-like filaments (hyphae)
•Reproduce by forming resistant spores
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Plantae
Mosses, ferns, flowering plants
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•Eukaryotic
•Multicellular
•Complex body structures; specialised cells, tissues, organs
•Autotrophic (photosynthesis)
•Cells have wall made of cellulose
•Have a complex life cycle with a sexually reproducing adult stage and an asexually reproducing adult stage
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Sea anemones, earthworms, insects, snails, fish, humans
Animalia
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•Eukaryotic
•Multicellular
•Complex body structures; specialised cells, tissues, organs
•Heterotrophic; most have a gut (digestive system)
•Cells lack cell walls
•Most are motile.
•Have a nervous system
•Embryo has a stage at which it is a hollow ball of cells (the blastula)
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Five KingdomsProkaryotae
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
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All necessary information is in Fig 5.15 on All necessary information is in Fig 5.15 on page 13.page 13.
Or Fig 5.15 can be accessed and printed from Or Fig 5.15 can be accessed and printed from the SNAB website (mediabank)the SNAB website (mediabank)
It’s down to you!It’s down to you!
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Taxonomic groups: the 5 Kingdoms
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Taxonomic groups: Major phyla and classes of the Animal Kingdom
[There are actually 33 phyla!]
Phyla
Classes
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All the animal phylaAll the animal phyla
http://www.glaucus.org.uk/other.htmhttp://www.glaucus.org.uk/other.htm