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The Constitution
Chapter 2
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Early America• 1607- Jamestown, VA• 1620- Mayflower Plymouth, MA• 1732- GA- last colony• 1760s- Britain decides to tax colonies• 1765- Stamp act- “taxation without representation”• 1773- Boston Tea Party• 1774- 1st continental congress• 1775- 2nd Continental Congress• 1776- Payne’s common sense• 1776- July 4, Declaration of Independence• 1781- Articles of Confederation• 1783- Yorktown• 1786- Shay’s rebellion• 1787- Constitutional Convention (Philadelphia)
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The first colonies in America• First English settlement in America
• Jamestown, Virginia (1607)
- struggle to survive
- between 1607 & 1623 (4,800k of 6k)
• Rolfe’s “tobacco” cash crop
- Jamestown survives
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Mayflower
• Mayflower sets sail (1620)
- religion disputes
- Plymouth, Mass
- Mayflower Compact- agreement to live under rule of law
- harsh winter / famine
- first thanksgiving (1621)
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13 colonies
• Other colonies followed suit
• By 1732, Georgia, the last of 13 colonies was set up
• London governed colonies indirectly
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Pre-Revolutionary War• 1760- British decision to tax colonies
- defense & debt
- 1765: Stamp Act
- taxation without representation
- Colonist respond with 1st & 2nd Continental Congress (1774-5)
• Thomas Payne’s Common Sense (1776)
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Declaration of Independence• Continental Congress adopts resolution of
Independence (4th of July 1776)
- Jefferson & Franklin
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Path to Independence
• American Revolution (1775-1783)
- Yorktown (1781)
Formation of a new gov’t• Articles of Confederation (1781) (pg 27)
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Constitutional Convention
• Shay’s rebellion (1786)
• Constitutional Convention (1787)
- 55 delegates met to revise Articles
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U.S. Constitution
• Who were the framers?
• Makeup of Constitution / 3 branches
• Executive Branch
- Electoral College
• Legislative Branch
- Virginia & New Jersey Plan/ Great Compromise
• Judicial Branch / courts & justices
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Ideas of Constitution
• Final agreements / prevention of tyranny
- Separation of Powers - checks & balances (p 34)
• Ideas of Montequieu- Spirit of laws-1748
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The struggle to ratify the constitution
• Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists - Federalists papers- 85 essays in defense
of constitution (p 389)
• Promise of Bill of rights
- limited powers of Nat’l gov’t over liberties of individuals
• Constitution ratified- June 21, 1788
• Bill of Rights adopted- Dec. 15, 1791
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Bill of Rights
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Amending the Constitution
• Constitution as a framework / 7,000 words
• Why so limited?
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Constitutional Amendments
• The Usual Process:
- 2/3 Congress
- ¾ state legislatures
• difficult?
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The Changing Constitution• Interpretations
- Supreme Court
1. Judicial Review (1803)
2. changes in interpretation:
- Plessy v Ferguson & Brown v board
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Conclusion
• Longest lived written constitution
• Most imitated in world
• Constantly changing and open to interpretation
• Discussion• If the framers believed all men were
created equal, why was slavery not abolished in the constitution? (p 32)