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THE DEVELOPMENT IN

QUASIMODO’S SOCIAL BEHAVIOR CAUSED BY OTHER

CHARACTERS AND HIS CONFLICTS IN DISNEY’S

HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

in English Letters

By

VELLA SOFIA ALINTYA R.

Student Number: 164214157

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS

SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA

2021

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

THE DEVELOPMENT IN

QUASIMODO’S SOCIAL BEHAVIOR CAUSED BY OTHER

CHARACTERS AND HIS CONFLICTS IN DISNEY’S

HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

in English Letters

By

VELLA SOFIA ALINTYA R.

Student Number: 164214157

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS

SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA

2021

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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been

previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that,

to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material

previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the

text of the undergraduate thesis.

March 2, 2021

Vella Sofia Alintya R.

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There is no parent should ever burry their child.

-King Theoden, Lord of The Ring: The Two Towers, 2002

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I dedicate my work to my mother, father, brothers, friends, and the lectures.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I give my gratitude to the Almighty God, my family, mother, father,

brothers and also not forget to mention my friends and my Academic Advisor,

Mrs. Enny, you all have been encouraging me to finish this work. Also, to my

supportive and beloved Thesis Advisors Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka and Ms. Ose

who have been supportive throughout my college days, I give all my thanks.

Mother, Father thank you for not getting tired and keeping up with my

nonsenses. I will be the great daughter I promised you I will be. Please keep

praying for me, hoping me be the greater person for you and our family. Thank

you for always be there for me despite all odds we have. Thank you for making

me believe in myself again and thank you for loving me when I started to not

be loving myself.

My friends, thank you for the laughter, for the joy, for the togetherness. I

am sorry if I cannot go to meet you. I miss you guys and thank you for everything.

Mrs. Enny, thank you for the chance, the good scores, and the patient that you

have given to me all these years.

Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka and Ms. Ose, I would like to express my

deepest gratitude for always be patient with me, guiding me to pass the difficulties

through this complicated process. Thank you for all your hard-work in supporting

my work, hope all the best for you.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ......................................................................................................... ii

APPROVAL PAGE .............................................................................................. iii

ACCEPTANCE PAGE ..........................................................................................iv

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY .......................................................................v

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH .......vi

MOTTO PAGE .....................................................................................................vii

DEDICATION PAGE......................................................................................... viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................x

TABLE OF FIGURES ..........................................................................................xii

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ xiii

ABSTRAK............................................................................................................xiv

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................1

A. Background of the Study ...............................................................................1 B. Problem Formulation.....................................................................................4

C. Objective of the Study ...................................................................................4 D. Definition of Terms .......................................................................................4

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE........................................................6

A. Review of Related Studies .............................................................................6 B. Review of Related Theories ......................................................................... 11

1. Theory of Character and Characterization ........................................ 11 2. Theory of Conflict ........................................................................... 13

3. Theory of Social Influence ............................................................... 15 C. Theoretical Framework ............................................................................... 17

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ..................................................................... 20

A. Object of the Study...................................................................................... 20 B. Approach of the Study................................................................................. 21

C. Method of the Study .................................................................................... 22

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS.................................................................................. 24

A. Quasimodo’s Characteristics in the Movie Hunchback of Notre Dame ........ 24

1. Orphaned ......................................................................................... 25 2. Isolated ............................................................................................ 26

3. Physically Deformed........................................................................ 27 4. Strong .............................................................................................. 28

5. Kind-Hearted ................................................................................... 29 6. Obedient .......................................................................................... 30

7. Brave and Heroic ............................................................................. 32

B. The Conflicts Faced by Quasimodo against Himself and Other Characters .. 33

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1. Internal Conflict............................................................................... 34

2. External Conflict.............................................................................. 39

C. The Other Characters’ Presence and Conflicts which Develop Quasimodo’s Social Behavior...................................................................... 44

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ............................................................................ 55

REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 59

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TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1.0 Frollo is told to raise the child .................................................................26

Figure 1.2.0 Frollo demands Quasimodo must be locked away....................................27

Figure 1.3.0 Quasimodo is humiliated for being ugly ..................................................28

Figure 1.3.1 Ugly Quasimodo converse with the gargoyle ...........................................29 Figure 1.4.0 Strong Quasimodo I ................................................................................30

Figure 1.4.1 Strong Quasimodo II ...............................................................................30 Figure 1.4.2 Strong Quasimodo III ..............................................................................31

Figure 1.7.0 Quasimodo helps Esmeralda to escape ....................................................32

Figure 1.7.1 Quasimodo is called as a hero by the people ............................................35

Figure 2.1.1 Quasimodo witnesses Esmeralda kissing Phoebus ...................................37 Figure 2.1.2 Frollo attempts to kill Esmeralda while Quasimodo is saving her ............41

Figure 2.2.2 Quasimodo is assaulted in public .............................................................43

Figure 2.2.3 Quasimodo and Pheobus are captured by the Gypsies ..............................44

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ABSTRACT

Alintya R., Vella Sofia (2021). The Development of Quasimodo’s Social

Behavior caused by Other Characters and His Conflicts in Disney’s

Hunchback of Notre Dame (2020). Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

This research’s discussion focuses on a character named Quasimodo and his

conflict with other characters in the movie. The object of the study is an animated

movie version by Disney with the title The Hunchback of Notre Dame. The

research breaks down Quasimodo’s characteristics and how he deals with conflict

which at end change his social behaviors to other characters in the movie.

The objectives elaborated in this research are first, to find out the portrayal of

the character Quasimodo within the story, and then to analyze the kinds of conflicts

that are faced by Quasimodo. From the first and second objectives it will reveal

how to understand the influence of the other character’s presences and conflicts

toward Quasimodo’s social behavior throughout the movie.

The method used in this research is library research with the approach of

Social Psychological which is applied to understand the change in social behaviors

and characters of Quasimodo which are influenced by the presence of other

characters. To breakdown the objectives, the secondary resources which applied as

supporting theories are the theory of character and characterization by Murphy,

taken from his book Understanding the Unseen which is used to analyze

Quasimodo’s characteristics. The second is theory of conflicts by Kenney which

he explains in his book How to Analyze Fiction is applied to explain the conflicts

faced by Quasimodo. The last is theory of social Influence by Hogg and Vaughan

about Social Psychology which is taken from their book with the title Social

Psychology.

The content of the analysis part discuses Quasimodo’s portrayal as an

orphaned and isolated character which although he is physically deformed and

appears like a monster, he is very strong, kind and obedient to other characters.

He is a character that at first, is terrifying to others but then become a brave hero

that saves so many people. He has to deal with the conflicts with his own heart

and other people, hurt and deceived by his trusted master, but the he realizes he

can manage to stand and overcome all those odds because he is strong, and he has

to protect the person he loves.

Keywords: Quasimodo, Social Psychological, Conflicts, Social Influence

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ABSTRAK

Alintya R., Vella Sofia (2021). The Development of Quasimodo’s Social

Behavior caused by Other Characters and Their Conflicts in Disney’s Hunchback of Notre Dame (2020). Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Penilitian ini berfokus terhadap seorang karakter bernama Quasimodo dan

konfliknya dengan karakter lain di dalam film. Objek dalam penilitian ini adalah

sebuah film animasi versi Disney dengan judul The Hunchback of Notre Dame.

Penelitian ini membongkar karakteristik Quasimodo dan bagaimana dia

menghadapi konflik yang mana berujung pada perubahan sifat sosialnya kepada

karakter lain di film.

Objektif yang dijelaskan dalam penilitian ini adalah, pertama, guna

menemukan gambaran karakter Quasimodo dalam cerita, lalu yang kedua,

menganalisa macam-macam konflik yang dihadapi Quasimodo. Dari objektif

pertama dan kedua akan menguak bagaimana memahami pengaruh kehadiran

karakter lain dan konflik terhadap sifat sosial Quasimodo selama di film.

Metode yang digunakan dalam penilitian ini adalah studi pustaka dengan

menggunakan pendekatan psikologi-sosial yang diaplikasikan untuk memahami

perubahan dalam sifat sosial serta karakter Quasimodo yang dipengaruhi oleh

keberadaan karakter lain. Untuk membongkar objektifnya, sumber kedua yang

digunakan sebagai teori pendukung adalah teori karakter dan karakteristik oleh

Murphy yang diambil dari bukunya, Understanding the Unseen. Teori kedua

adalah teori konflik oleh Kenney yang dijelaskan dalam bukunya How to Analyze

Fiction, digunakan untuk menjelaskan konflik yang dihadapi Quasimodo. Teori

terakhir yang digunakan adalah teori pengaruh sosial oleh Hogg dan Vaughan

tentang psikologi-sosial yang diambil dari buku mereka dengan judul Social

Psychology.

Bagian analisa membahas gambaran Quasimodo sebagai seorang yatim-

piatu dan terisolir, meski secara fisik cacat dan terlihat seperti monster, dia sangat

kuat, baik, dan penurut terhadap karakter lain. Dia adalah karakter yang ditakuti

oleh semua orang diawal cerita namun menjadi pahlawan pemberani yang

menyelamatkan banyak orang pada akhirnya. Tidak mudah baginya untuk diterima

orang- orang. Dia harus berhadapan dengan konflik dengan hatinya, orang lain,

dan dilukai dan dikhianati oleh Frollo, namun dia sadar dia mampu mampu

mengahadapi dan melampaui itu semua karena dia kuat dan dia harus melindungi

orang yang dia cinta.

Keywords: Quasimodo, Social Psychological, Conflicts, Social Influence

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of The Study

In our life and its development, society has a special and huge impact in

shaping individuals’ character and it reflects in the way they behave or act and

think. MacIver and Page defined society as “a web of relations, a complex system

of usages and procedures, of authority and mutual aid of many groupings and

divisions, of control of human behavior and of liberties” (1987, p.25). We live in

the middle of society which consists of multiple individuals with and their

complexity. Together we engage in a social relationship and interactions.

In a society itself, the interactions between one individual to others happen in

various form. However, the major forms that distinguish the types themselves are

beneficiary interaction which categorize as positive relationship exchange, and the

very opposite of it, negative social exchanges (Rook, 1990). This phenomenon of

negative interaction is one of the problems highlighted in this research.

It is our nature as human being to be social creature. Socialization and social

interaction is something we cannot deny. By having social interaction, we send

and receive contacts as result or reflex of other people’s doing. By sending

reflexes, we are influenced by the interaction. The influence can be a mere one-

time type of thing, but if the interactions are intense and impactful, the influence

can also modify our habit including our behavior as well as our mind set.

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According to Petty and Wegener (1986, p.227), social influence means the

change in individual behavior, opinion, or emotions resulting from what other

people do or feel. The important element of social influence is any other person’s

activities that shape and modify our attitudes. Based on this statement, the

researcher analyzes the influence a society has and how they manage to impact an

individual’s character. To help in understanding the whole analysis of Quasimodo’s

characters and his social influence, the object that is used is a movie and script of

a Disney adaptation animated movie entitled The Hunchback of Notre Dame

directed by directors Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise and written by screenwriter

Tab Murphy and his team. The movie itself is produced based on the novel with

the same title written by Victor Hugo. The character that is analyzed is the

Hunchback himself, or as he is named Quasimodo, in how he deals with conflicts

in society and the abusive treatments he received. The researcher focuses on the

dialogue and script that are presented in the movie.

Quasimodo, as later be told in the story, receives vile treatments and abuses

by most people around him. Quasimodo himself is not by any means

unproblematic in a sense that he does nothing wrong. There are some conflicts

happen surround him which he too is involved. Those conflicts and bad treatments

generate various responses from Quasimodo himself, and these facts are the things

the researcher aim to breakdown.

To conduct the research, the researcher applies social psychological approach

which focuses in an individual’s social behaviors which are influenced by other

characters and the interactions among them. The applied approach covers the


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frameworks as well. Furthermore, by using the theory of character and

characterization, as well as the theory of social interaction, the researcher focuses

on how the character of Quasimodo is portrayed, what conflicts faced by him, and

finds out whether there is any influence from society or any other characters

towards him.

This phenomenon is worth to be observed because at the end, people can

understand the reasons behind why Quasimodo managed to act differently to

certain people in certain situations and by so, the viewers are able to perceive the

points and value of this movie. Furthermore, to be talking about the topic of

society and their influences, it is common for people to apply a social

psychological approach since it assists on analyzing how a human by nature is

social being and the society, he or she lives in hold a fair amount of influence

toward his or her character’s quality. This limitation of the approach allows

researcher to analyze the characters, his conflicts, and the influences he gets based

on how he is presented and.

B. Problems Formulation

The research problems that we analyze are formulated as:

1. How is the character of Quasimodo portrayed in the movie Hunchback

of Notre Dame?

2. What are Quasimodo’s conflicts against himself and other characters?

3. How do the other characters’ presences and conflicts develop

Quasimodo’s social behavior?


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C. Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study are generated based on the research questions or

the research problems. This research paper discusses three points of objectives.

First, is to find out the portrayal of the character Quasimodo within the story, and

second is to analyze the kinds of conflicts that are faced by Quasimodo against

other characters, and last is to understand the influence of the other character’s

presences and conflicts toward Quasimodo’s social behavior throughout the movie.

D. Definition of Terms

In order to avoid misunderstanding and misconception within the research

context, it is important to provide the definitions for some terms such as first, the

term of ‘society’. Georg Simmel considered society to be an association of free

individuals, and said that it could not be studied in the same way as the physical

world, i.e. sociology is more than the discovery of natural laws that govern human

interaction. "For Simmel, society is made up of the interactions between and

among individuals and the sociologist should study the patterns and forms of

these associations, rather than quest after social laws" (Farganis, pp. 133). This

statement emphasizes on social interaction starts from the individual and small

group level, and viewing the study of these interactions as the primary task of

sociology makes Simmel's approach different from that of the classical writers,

especially Marx and Durkheim which focus on societal class and status.


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The second is the term of ‘conflict’ in this thesis’ context is based on Wellek

and Warren (1949, pp.38- 41) which state that conflict is determined as peak stage

of contradictions development in the relations between individuals, groups of

individuals, social environment as a whole; this stage is characterized by

appearance of contradicting interests, aims, positions of subjects of interaction.

The conflicts might be hidden and obvious, but they always have a common

ground, which is the absence of compromise and sometimes-even dialogue

between and among the parties to a dispute. Conflicts can also occur if there is no

agreement between one ego and another ego. In real life, most people often avoid

any conflict. However, in the world of literature, conflict is needed even arguably

important to support the content of the story.

The last is ‘social influence’. Social influence has been defined as the ‘process

whereby attitudes and behavior are influenced by the real or imagined presence of

other people’ (Hogg & Vaughan, 2011, p. 236). Other definition given by

McGlynn in his book Montana Tech defines social influence as the results of

interactions among individuals, normally within the same species, that are usually

beneficial to one or more of the individuals (McGlynn, 1984).


CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL REVIEW

A. Review of Related Studies

To help the researcher understand the topics and focus, there are five studies

with related topics, works or even approaches. The first is an article journal by

Deutsch and Gerrard (1955) with the title A Study of Normative and Informational

Social Influence upon Individual Judgment. The journal article is conducted as the

part of social psychological research project that focuses on the psychological

change as the result of social influence. The writers of the study state that, “The

conduction demonstrated that individual psychological processes are subject to

social influences.” They also state what differ them with other researchers as said,

“Most investigators, however, have not distinguished among different kinds of

social influences; rather, they have carelessly used the term "group" influence to

characterize the impact of many different kinds of social factors. In fact, a review

of the major experiments” (2005, p. 2).

The journal article is written as the outcome of direct observation towards one

hundred and one students of University of New York to see the distinct differences

of social influence when they are engaging in usual social interaction. The

varieties of the experiment are given in form of tests to see the reaction and

process of adaptation when they are grouped to solve some group tasks. The result

of this experiments is shown the social influences that happened are categorized in

two, which are normative which means the influence to conform with the positive

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expectations, and informative which means influence to accept information

obtained from another as evidence about reality.

The difference between this journal article and the main research paper that

need to be highlighted is the approach or concept. The journal article applies

sociological approach which the direct observation and sets of variables is needed

to retrieve the hypothesis which is needed to draw the analysis. This approach is

very uncommon and rarely applied in literary research due to the lack of

observable materials, which is necessary in sociological research, because the

objects that are used is not a real society. In literature, the common social- based

approach is Sociological Criticism which focuses on the culture, ideology, and

background of the author. However, the main research does not focus on those

Sociological materials, it focuses more on the fictional society without any

variables or tests. However, this journal article covers the important topic related

to the main research which is Social Influence. This journal article uses Cialdini

and Goldstein’s social influence theory as the main reference, and also the topic of

social influence’s process by Kelman which is also used by the main research.

This journal article helps the conduction of the main paper as it provides

information related to social influence and all the aspects that involved or

influenced. The research will apply the identification of Social Influences and its

process with this journal article as the reference and guideline in solving the last

research question. In the end, the final conclusion shows whether social theory is

applicable toward fictional characteristic or not.


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The next work is an academic research paper by Othmani (2014) entitled The

Underestimated Male: An Analysis of the other in the Disney Adaptations of the

Hunchback of the Notre-Dame and Frankeinstein or the Modern Prometheus

which uses Disney animated version of Hunchback of Notre Dame.

This study discusses the differences of Disney’s characters’ adaptation genre

from their original novels. The highlighted problem is about how the male

characters are presented in the original versions versus how their characters rebuilt

in the Disney movies. In the research paper, Othmani highlights certain

characteristics of Quasimodo in a contrast quality which explains why Quasimodo

is seen as a monster. The statement says, “The externality or deformity of the

Other distances him from all human ties; eventually the Other transforms from an

animalistic male to a monster. Though this transformation serves to shock and

even offend characters, the Other as a male monster must harbor traces of

humanity”. This matter is brought in several elaborations in the ongoing research,

thus, make this reference research paper important to the ongoing research.

One of the ongoing research objectives is to break down Quasimodo’s

characteristics, from the reference, the researcher can learn Quasimodo’s character

as an underestimated male from different angles. In the reference research the

writer mentioned the reason why Quasimodo is underestimated which is strongly

connected to the topic that is discussed in the ongoing initial research.

The third research reference is Alienation and Class Struggle in Victor Hugo’s

Les Miserables: A Marxist Study by Laurencius (2018). The research uses the

work from the same author and it discusses how people of low-class struggle


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alienated due to their inferiority and the existence of vivid class division around

that time and place. In-depth, it breaks down the characterization of the characters

as how they are seen in a social class by the capitalist, then what kind of alienation

suffered by the characters, and lastly how the lower class fight back to oppose the

oppression done by the upper-class society. The paper uses Marxist literary

criticism as the approach as the concept of class divisions, focusing on

conflicts among individuals and classes. The topic of discussion helps to

understand the social conflicts which is discussed in this research.

Later in the initial research, the researcher also encounters the class and role

(in society) differences that have a contribution to the change of behavior and

character of Quasimodo. The related study elaborates deeper on how social

statuses plays role in alienation and segregation which also results oppression just

like what happen with Quasimodo. The researcher says that, "Alienation shows

how the proletarians suffer from the oppression, social discrimination, injustice of

the law and exhausting labor from their social background" (Laurentius, 2018).

Although not necessarily only because of his social status, his position in society

is told to be lower than Frollo and the puritan’s class. This reference helps us to

see how class division is implied within the story and how it actually triggers

conflicts. The societal conflicts determine the behaviors done by the characters

from the movie, especially the main focus: Quasimodo.

The fourth research is called A Study of Quasimodo’s Inferiority Complex as

Seen in Victor Hugos’s the Hunchback of Notre Dame by Binawan that was

published in 2005. This study is about the character Quasimodo who suffers in


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inferiority complex or overly low self-esteem. He sees himself as a lowly creature,

not even a human being after a series of bad things happen to him and how the

environment works around him. The research problems discussed in this research

are how Quasimodo is portrayed, then how severe the inferiority complex that is

suffered by him and last is what are the causes of the inferiority complex. In the

research’s abstract, the researcher claims that, “Quasimodo deals with

psychological issue which in known as inferiority complex because of how other

people treat and see him” (Binawan, 2005). This claim is parallel with the ongoing

research which analyzes how Quasimodo sees himself as the result of the

treatments he receives since he was little.

This related research helps us to understand the wrong and negative treatments

received by Quasimodo have a relation to the causes and effects of his inferiority

complex and low self-esteem. Although this research applies different approaches

from the initial research, the focus is still the same which is Quasimodo. Those

different approaches are going to give the readers different feel from different

point of views provided by each researcher.

The last related research is written by Kristiyani (2000) goes by the title A

Priest’s Motives of Killing: A Psychological Analysis of the Character of Claude

Frollo in Victor Hugo’s The Hunchback of Notre-Dame. This research focuses on

a character named Claude Frollo, one of the influential side characters and his

existence is essential in every scene he is on. This research is conducted by using

the method of library research which mainly conducted based on in-depth theories

and existed descriptive materials with the outcome as to support or oppose the


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theories by providing analysis accordingly, and focused on social conditions of

society in Paris at the time being. The highlighted objective of this research is

Frollo’s characteristics and what the circumstances make him wanted to kill

Phoebus and Esmeralda.

This research is functioned as the reference in elaborating the main research’s

last objective which is to analyze the ‘society’ as to how Frollo is a prominent part

of the society that the initial research discussed a lot. This paper mainly discusses

about Frollo as one of the representations of ‘society’ also behaves accordingly

towards Quasimodo, and later we can see how influential he is to the whole

character being of a protagonist character which is Quasimodo.

B. Review of Related Theories

1. Theory of Character and Characterization

The first research problem is to find out what Quasimodo personalities are. To

achieve that, we need to understand how he is built as a character that in the end

determines his action in society. Hence, what ‘character’ actually means is every

character has their own features and traits that make them different from others.

According to Gill (1995, p. 127), “A character is someone in a literary work who

has some sort of identity (it need not be a strong one), an identity which is made

up by appearance, conversation, action, name and (possibly) thoughts going on in

the head.” A character is one of the important points in literature. A character has

an identity to show the audience by their appearance, conversation, action, and

other things that are presented by the author to represents the message or the


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concept of the story. How a character portrayed and presented depends on the aim

of the author, plot or even the role of the character itself. Therefore, it is not rare

to find a character development due to the change of role or even plot.

Barnet’s theory of characters and characterization mentions that a character

means a figure that appears in a literary work such as novel, poetry, and drama

(1988, p. 96). While Abrams states that,

“Normally, a story consists of several characters one or more of these

characters. One or more of this character appears as the main or primary

character. Character is people who are appeared in narrative prose or novel

and it is interpreted by the readers as a person who has moral quality and

certain tendency such as being expressed in what they say and what they do”

(1982, pp. 158).

In additions, the characters in a novel are portrayed differently, sometimes

they are described, but it is not a rare thing that we have to interpret and conclude

their characteristics based on what other characters said and thought, or by what

the specific things those characters did. In some story, the reader even has to

analyze based on the quality implied by the author with or without mediums.

After understanding the concept of a character, the researcher breakdowns

Quasimodo’s characterization by applying the method of determining a character

and theory of character and characterization from Murphy as what he writes on his

book entitled Understanding the Unseen. In the book, Murphy describes nine

ways to identify a character. First is by personal description which most and

commonly describe the appearance of the character, for example the physical

traits like eye color and complexion, or the character’s ways to do something like

the way one dresses, walks, and eats. The second way is by how they seen by

others, which rely on the other characters’ way of seeing that particular character


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for what he or she is. The third is by the character’s speech or how one talks or

utters. The fourth is based on the author’s information about the character’s past

life. The fifth is based on the conversation of other characters that imply or

directly describe one particular character. The sixth is based on the reaction done

by that character as the result or reflexes of certain things or situation. The

seventh is based on the direct comment from the author (without any medium in

form of other characters). The eighth is based on the character’s thought or way of

thinking provided by the author within the story. The last is by the mannerism the

character own, such as how they behave in the story (Murphy, 1972, pp. 161-173).

The theory is that there are numerous diverse devices falling under the category

of indirect characterization, but all of them share the same quality which is they

all show or display, rather than tell. In addition, they are encrypted in various

depths of the discourse or story they may run through the whole story or appear

just once, and quite often, they work together to create a complex blend of

characteristic features. The basic list comprises action, speech, external appearance

and environment (Punday, 2003, pp. 15-23).

2. Theory of Conflict

From the book written by Petrie and Boggs entitled The Art of Watching

Films (2012), the researcher takes two points to be highlighted which is essential

and related to this research. The first is the theory about conflict in a movie. Both

writers conclude that conflict is the mainspring of every story, whether it be told

on the printed page, on the stage, or on the screen. It is the element that really


14

captures our interest, heightens the intensity of our experience, quickens our

pulses, and challenges our minds (p.47).

In the book, the writers mention some major conflicts which are primarily

physical, such as a fistfight or a shootout in a western or action movie such as

Fuqua’s Magnificent Seven (2016) or the series of Marvel Comic Universe. Others

are almost completely psychological, as are seen in Shyamalan’s Sixth Sense

(1999) or Fincher’s psychological crime film entitled Se7en (1995). In other films,

however, the conflict has both physical and psychological dimensions, and

determining where one stops and the other begins is often difficult. It is perhaps

simpler and more meaningful to classify major conflicts under the broad headings

of external and internal (Petrie and Boggs, 2012, p. 48).

In its simplest form as what the researcher uses, an external conflict may

consist of a personal and individual struggle between the central character and

another character. The same statement by Kenney (1996, pp. 23) says that he

identifies a conflict based on its origins which are internal and external. Internal

conflict is a conflict happens between a person and him or herself and is the result

of self-convicted problems. Internal conflict usually shown in form of mental war

or struggle in the character’s conflicted mind. This kind of conflict is what usually

called psychological conflict.

Kenney also states that an external conflict is a struggle between a character

and an outside force. For examples, of a certain character may faces or exposes to

several types of outside forces, that do not come from his or her self. Types of


15

external conflict such as: man versus man, man versus nature, man versus society,

and man versus technology (1966, p.19).

3. Theory of Social Influence

Social Influence belongs to the study of social psychology, which is defined

as the study that focuses on how people’s thoughts, feelings and behaviors are

influenced by other people (Gergen, 1973). The term of social influence itself has

been mentioned in a great number of social analysts since many years ago. Kelman

(1958) says that, “Social influence theorizes that people are motivated to adopt

attitudes of relevant reference groups to the extent that the group identity is salient

and desirable”. This statement is also supported by Hogg and Vaughan. They

define that, “social influence has been defined as the 'process whereby attitudes

and. behavior is influenced by the real or imagined presence of other people”

(2011, p. 236). In addition, they distinguish three major forms of social

influences which are compliance, conformity and obedience.

Agreeing with other psychologists, Hogg and Vaughan support the

categorization. They elaborate the definitions and characteristics of compliance,

conformity and obedience. Compliance is defined as a particular kind of response

to a particular kind of communication for example is a request. Conformity is the

act of changing one’s behavior to match the responses of others (Cialdini &

Goldstein, 2004, p. 606); and obedience is a behavior change produced by the

commands of an authority.

Cialdini and Goldstein (2004, p. 607) mainly describe that there are three

major kinds of influences happen in a dynamic situation in everyday life of human


16

being. Compliance happens when someone accepts and agrees to the influence

given by other people and they do it as a form of understanding, willingness, or

agreement with full consent. For example, when A asks or borrows B some

money and B accept the request and give the money. There is no compulsion or

authority involved in this type of influence. However, compliance is also not

necessarily claimed as absolute social influence and change in attitude, but also

the basic initial form and the beginning of agreements, agreeing with what it is

mentioned in Cialdini and Goldstein’s research as ‘Kelman’s Varieties’ which

explains the process of attitude change in Social Influence. The process of social

influence happens in three steps which are compliance or in this context is defined

as the initial respond towards other’s action, Identification which means the

changing of behavior or the adaptation towards others, and the last is

internalization which means the process of acceptance towards others’ norm or

rules. Internalization is not always in form of positive agreement; it can be in form

of disagreement or even rejection.

Conformity is a type of influence where someone changes their behavior to

adapt and be in one agreement to the surrounding. Conformity is divided into two,

informational and normative. Informational happens when someone rely on the

others as sources of information for example when someone goes to a doctor and

takes queue number as what other people do because it is the common procedure.

Normative is when there is pressure needed in order to match and blend with

others. For example, in a party, everybody dresses up as what it appropriates, and


17

someone does that in order to impress or get approval to blend with the crowd

(2004, p. 609).

Lastly, is Obedience or a change of behavior in response of an authorized

person’s request or command. For example, when a police officer asks a driver to

blow the alcohol indicator tool and he or she have to comply because a police

officer have authority as a part of the job (2004, p. 610).

In the same scope and categories as compliance, conformity and obedience,

Cialdini and Goldstein also mention negative social influence. Negative here

means the outcome or the behavior change is the opposite of what other people

do. Meaning somebody does not shift their behavior to match and adapt to the

situation and the people, but he or she contrast their action (2004, p.620). The

kind of negative social influence that is highlighted in this research is called

reactant or anti-conformity which means that the process of adaptation is a result

of pressures from other and not a form of self- acceptance.

C. Theoretical Framework

After formulating the research problems and collecting the applicable theories,

the researcher uses those theories in analyzing and solving t he research

problems. The first theory which is the theory of character and characterization is

applied to analyze the first research question about how Quasimodo is portrayed

in the movie. By understanding the concept of character, we can conclude what

the true characteristics are owned by Quasimodo from beginning to the end of the

story and how he developed certain characteristics.


18

As it is mentioned in the related theory, the method of determining a character

that is applied to this research is the theory of characterization by Murphy which

identifies characteristics of a character through nine points, which are: personal

descriptions, as seen by others, speech, past life, conversation of others, reactions,

direct comment, thoughts, and mannerisms.

Second theory which is theory of conflicts is used to help the researcher to

solve the second research question, which are related to conflicts as a character.

The theory of conflicts by Kenney divides the main conflict based on the origin

which is internal and external. External conflict itself has several sub categories

which are man versus man, man versus nature, man versus society, and man

versus technology. By the help from this theory, researcher categorized the

conflicts involving Quasimodo.

The third and last theory which is used is social influence theory. This theory

functions as the guide in answering the last research question which is how other

characters socially influence Quasimodo’s changes in behaviors. Answering the

question is aimed to understand the influences of other characters’ presence as

parts of society towards Quasimodo’s social behaviors which then make him

shifts and adjusts his behavior to be fitted with certain characters he interacts with.

The changes in his behaviors happen in specific ways and along with it, the initial

signs of each change and outcome also comes in obvious distinct ways.

By the limitation of the research method which gives the context and

objectifies the object as the only source of data to be analyzed, this research

applies social influence theory to answer the last research question on identifying


19

the kinds of social influences done by Quasimodo and also the processes, the

causes and the results of those influences. The materials are collected through

library research in order to understand the theories which fit the social

psychological approach, and social theory acts as the guide in filling up the

checklists of what to find in analyzing the object of this study in certain way.

This combination of methods in analyzation, treats the ‘society’ and

‘individuals’ in the story as the main observed object as if they are real life human

beings engaging in a real social life which have certain social roles. Thus, this part

sought to fulfil the aim of the research paper which is to determine the social

behaviors’ development in Quasimodo’s characters towards other characters.


CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Object of the Study

The object of the study is Disney animated movie and its script with title The

Hunchback of Notre Dame directed by directors Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise

and written by screenwriter Tab Murphy and his team. The animated movie itself

is an adaptation of a movie with the same title directed by William Dieterle

released in 1939, which is also the adaptation of a Goth French novel by Victor

Hugo goes by the original title Notre Dame de Paris, the story sets in Paris by the

early 1480s. The story itself is about Quasimodo, the deformed bell ringer of

Notre Dame Cathedral. His name means 'half made' given by his adoptive father,

Judge Claude Frollo.

The movie sets in Paris at year of 1482, with the background of Notre Dame

Cathedral and the people around it and Quasimodo as the main protagonist and

the focus of the story. He is pictured as an isolated lonely unusual-looking man

named Quasimodo the story tells how he lives his life surrounded by people who

laugh at him, fear him, enslave him, but also love him for what he is. Quasimodo

was saved by the Archdeacon when he was a baby. His mother was a gipsy who

was killed. He is taken under care of Judge Claud Frollo, a self-righteous and

somewhat merciless Minister of Justice and a man who killed Quasimodo’s

mother. He locks Quasimodo from the people inside the Cathedral and appoints

him to be the bell ringer.

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21

Quasimodo has no friend but only three animated gargoyles named Victor,

Hugo, and Laverne but it changes when he meets Esmeralda, gipsy girl who

performs on street of Paris, and Phoebus a captain of guard serving Frollo. The

four characters involve in complicated situations. Quasimodo, Phoebus and Frollo

awed by Esmeralda’s beauty, kindness and spirit. The conflicts happen throughout

the story as Frollo being the antagonist is against Esmeralda and other gypsies.

Quasimodo and Phoebus feel dilemma whether to obey their master or save their

love. At the end, Quasimodo and Phoebus get united to save Esmeralda from

being publicly executed by Frollo. The fight ends when Frollo dies, and

Quasimodo lets Esmeralda be with Phoebus and remains as their dearly loved

friend.

B. Approach of the Study

This study is conducted by applying social psychological approach which

focused on the behavior of an individual, it may also group, influenced by the

presence and behavior of others. The definition of the social psychology is a

concept of psychological analyzation which focused on the influence of the society

creating perception towards an individual behavior. Even though social

psychology is a subcategory on the field of psychology, social psychology is one

of the broadest and most complex of all subcategories.

Uldall supports the idea of social psychology stated by Gordon Allport which

highlights the relation of social environment to someone’s psychological

characters. In his book, he defines that social psychology is about understanding


22

the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals that are influenced by the

actual, imagined, or implied the presence of the human being (Uldall, 2013, p.

1047). It is safe to conclude that the essence of social psychology is the

understanding of how each person’s individual behavior is influenced by the

social environment which that behavior takes place.

Another researcher, Charles A. Ellwood, states that social psychology is the

study of the individual’s psychological origin which is involved in the

development, structure, and functioning social groups. Individual behavior is

influenced by the development of those social groups” (Ellwood, 1924, p. 9). In

other words, individual behavior influenced by the society is the indication of the

existence of social psychology. As this study is focused on how the individual

behavior changes because of its surroundings, this approach is the most suitable to

assist the writer analysis later on.

C. Method of the Study

To collect the data and compose the analysis, the method that is used is library

research method. The method is used to analyze the object of this research which

is a literary work in form of a movie with scripts attached or subtitles. The guiding

references and supporting data that is used are taken from reference books,

journals, and online articles. In addition, this research also uses two kinds of data,

primary and secondary. The primary data is the object, which is the movie and the

subtitles. The secondary data are in forms of journals, theses, and articles which

help to analyze and solve the research questions. Later on, throughout the analysis


23

part, the supporting evidences are included accordingly. The researcher puts

dialogues’ parts which support the explanations, and pictures or screenshots of the

scenes which cannot be supported only by dialogue or there is no dialogue

involved.

In conducting the research, after deciding the topic and problem, researcher

continued by treating the object as a main source to elaborate the objectives.

While the researcher was doing the reading process, researcher focused on the

characters and their interactions in several situations that need to be highlighted

and pointed out. After finding the raw data, the researcher analyzed the data to

answer the questions. In this part, the guiding theories and supporting references

helped the researcher stick to the points.

The first question, about the characteristics of Quasimodo, was necessary to

be answered first in order to be able to answer the last question, so that the

researcher was able to see the real impact and influence that the conflicts and

society gave to Quasimodo. The last step to do was the researcher concluded the

whole points based on the analysis and the end point to see whether the research

questions are solved or not.


CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

With all the methods and process of gathering materials from various sources

of theories, the researcher is able to conduct the analysis to answer the research

questions. The first research question to be discussed is to elaborate Quasimodo’s

initial characteristics with the guiding theory of Character and Characterization

from Murphy (1972). The second research question is answered based on the

theory of Conflict by Kenney (1966). And the last research question applied all

theories above and the addition of a Social Psychological- related theory that

discusses about social influence and behavioral change by Hogg and Vaughan

(2011).

A. Quasimodo’s Characteristics in the Movie Hunchback of Notre Dame

Kenney (1966) explains that aside from conflicts, characterization is often

listed as one of the fundamental and important elements of a fiction. It refers to

the way an author creates and manipulates the characters in the work to explicate

his or her theme. Characterization is an image toward the characters based on time

or its characters which could be known from the physiological, psychological and

sociological features. Through characters as the doers and the vehicles, the element

of a literary works like plot and setting have chances to develop. To understand

the story more, it is very important for the readers or audiences to

understand the characters in the story.

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25

In the movie The Hunchback of Notre Dame, through Quasimodo as the main

vehicle of the story the audiences are able to get the information about what

actually the story is about and what the conflicts- resolutions are. These are the

reasons why breaking down the characterizations of Quasimodo is important. To

help understanding this, Murphy’s nine ways to identify a character’s

characteristics is the most complete and thorough method. From Murphy’s theories,

the researcher choses five points as the guide to find out Quasimodo’s

characteristics. Those five points are including personal descriptions about

Quasimodo through the visualization as seen in the movie, how he is as seen by

others which supported by the other characters’ dialogue about Quasimodo, past

life, thoughts, and last is manners or behaviors.

1. Orphaned

In the story, it is shown at the beginning how his gypsy parents are busted and

run away from the Frollo and his soldiers. His father is then taken and imprisoned

while his mother is killed by Frollo for protecting Quasimodo. Frollo intention

was actually to kill Quasimodo after seeing how he appears to be; however, the

Archdeacon stops him.

Despite the hatred toward the gypsies, eventually Frollo raised him inside the

Cathedral and makes him the bell ringer of Notre Dame. Throughout the story, the

relationship which initially means such adoptive father and son kind of connection,

turns into master and slave relationship. Frollo’s task from the archdeacon to

raise Quasimodo as a son is neglected because Frollo never does what a father

supposed to do.


26

Figure 1.1.0 Frollo is told to raise the child

In the story it is told that the Archdeacon witnesses Frollo killed Quasimodo’s

mother and also about to throw baby Quasimodo into the well. The Archdeacon

then tells Frollo that he could tell lies but the Notre Dame was watching him, and

demands Frollo raising Quasimodo as how he raises his own child (pict. 1.0), the

dialogue goes as bellow,

FROLLO. What must I do?

ARCHDEACON. Care for the child, raise it as your own. FROLLO. What? I'm to be saddled with this misshapen…

(Dialogue timeline mark 3:10).

With the demand from the archdeacon, Frollo agrees upon raising the child

with condition of the child must live in the church for nobody eyes to see.

Quasimodo then lives his life knowing Frollo as his master, his only human

companion, and his adoptive father.

2. Isolated

Quasimodo knows no one except Frollo. He is unfamiliar with human

companionship and instead he interacts with three gargoyles of the cathedral:

Victor, Hugo and Laverne. To deal with his loneliness, he makes a diorama with

the miniature all of people in Paris.


27

Figure 1.2.0 Frollo demands that Quasimodo must be locked away

His isolation has to do with the fact that Frollo does not want a monstrous

Gypsy wanders around the city. Frollo demands the Archdeacon to let Quasimodo

live in the Cathedral, at the far highest tower where nobody can see him. He has

no one but himself and the stone- made Gargoyles which Frollo says how similar

they (the Gargoyles) and Quasimodo are.

Although Quasimodo is used to be isolated, he cannot deny that he really

wants to go outside and meet people. At 7:09 frame shows how he talks to a bird,

encourages it to fly as he says:

QUASIMODO. You sure? Good day to try. Why, if I picked a day to

fly, oh, this would be it! The Festival of Fools!

It will be fun--the jugglers, and music, and dancing...

QUASIMODO.Go on! Nobody wants to be cooped up here forever!


Contradictory to what he is doing, Quasimodo lives in isolation from the

world with no direct interactions from human being except Frollo who constantly

visits during meal time. However, the visits’ purpose is never more than to give

foul doctrines of how degraded Quasimodo is in front of people’s eyes.


28

3. Physically Deformed

Quasimodo be called a monstrous creature for a reason. It is in fact the reason

why he be called an unholy incarnation of devil by Frollo at the time he first saw

Quasimodo when he was just a baby. Frollo even refers Quasimodo as an unholy

demon he shall send back to hell where he belongs, a foul creature and a misshapen

thing. Frollo is also the one who gave the cruel name meant as ‘half- formed’

which is why the poor man is called Quasimodo.

Living to his name, Quasimodo is given the title as pope of fools, awarded as

the ugliest person in Paris the first time he showed himself at public. He was

thrown with food and junks, and was tied and mocked by everyone who comes to

the festival. He is humiliated by people around him especially Frollo and the

people who comes to the Cathedral as they refer him as the monster of Notre

Dame.

Figure 1.3.0 Quasimodo is humiliated for being ugly

Quasimodo has apparent and distinct features resulting the humiliation and

isolation. He has a very big lump on his back, it is so heavy that makes him

always leans forward and unable to stand upright, hence he is called the-


29

hunchback. He has unsymmetrical eyes and big teeth that stand out and make him

look inhuman.

Figure 1.3.2 Ugly Quasimodo converse with the gargoyle

Although Quasimodo is aware that he is ugly, Frollo constantly reminds him

how displeasing for eyes Quasimodo is which seems to be a lot worse, he makes

Quasimodo shouts the words “I am ugly” from his own lips repeating after the

older man. The dialogue between the two characters at timeline starts with Frollo

saying “I am the only one who look at you with no fear” implies that Frollo has to

make Quasimodo understand how hideous and terrifying looking he is, the dialogue

goes as:

FROLLO. You are deformed

QUASIMODO. I am deformed

FROLLO. And you are ugly

QUASIMODO. And I am ugly

FROLLO. Out there, they'll revile you as a monster

QUASIMODO. I am a monster FROLLO. Out there, they will hate with scorn and jeer

QUASIMODO. Only a monster

FROLLO. Why invite their calumny and consternation?

Stay in here

FROLLO. Do as i say. Obey and stay in here.

QUASIMODO. I'll stay in here.

(Dialogue timeline mark 12:36- 13:04).


30

Frollo enchants the derogatory doctrine towards Quasimodo as if he makes

himself loud and clear for Quasimodo to know. Those remarks spoken by Frollo

make Quasimodo believe how displeasing for the eyes he appears to others.

4. Strong

Quasimodo is able to ring the bells of Notre Dame for a reason. Despite his

monstrous appearance, he is also gifted with a very strong body no one can defeat.

Quasimodo is seen in the movie several times, jumping and leaping from one

level to upper and lower levels of Notre Dame with ease, with just himself when

he is about to leave his sanctuary to go and see the festival.

Quasimodo’s strong physics keeps being showed, when he helps Esmeralda

out from the Cathedral after being chased by Frollo, he holds Esmeralda in an

arm, while hanging and swinging from pole to pole with just an arm. He is also

able to break chains entangle himself to the gigantic pillars of Notre Dame, and

single handedly lift Phoebus off the ground without any difficulties.

Figure 1.4.0 Figure 1.4.1


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Figure 1.4.2

The figures above show how strong Quasimodo is. However, despite being

inhumanely strong, he never does commit violence to other people. He uses his

strength only when he needs to, he uses it to save Esmeralda and the people from

Frollo and his devious schemes.

5. Kind Hearted

Quasimodo is one of the examples why people should not judge a book by the

cover. Quasimodo as said earlier, appears hideous, ugly and monstrous. However,

Esmeralda, the only human befriends him, wonders about him. She says:

ESMERALDA. How could such a cruel man have raised someone like you?


She implies that Frollo is a cruel man, and it is impossible he raised a kind

and gentle man like Quasimodo. Quasimodo is also very gentle and humane with

helpless creatures like animals. As seen in the beginning of the movie, he

encourages a bird to fly with such a soft manner. He also saves Esmeralda’s goat,

Djali, when he is about to be hurt by the guards.

In the story, it is told that Quasimodo has developed feeling towards

Esmeralda who treats him like a human being. He knows the feeling is not mutual


32

and that Esmeralda loves Phoebus. When he is accidentally confronted by Phoebus,

Quasimodo can very easily hurt Phoebus but he does not do that despite being

rival in pursuing Esmeralda. He even helps Phoebus when he was injured and

almost being killed by Frollo to arrest Esmeralda.

6. Obedient

When Frollo killed Quasimodo’s mother, the Archdeacon ask Frollo to raise

Quasimodo s if he was Frollo’s own child. However, throughout the whole mo vie

not even once Quasimodo addresses him as a father. Quasimodo calls him

‘Master’. Not even ‘Judge’ as how other people call, but ‘Master’ as if

Quasimodo is even lower than common people around him.

Quasimodo is entitled to pay Frollo back for raising and protecting him.

Frollo never told him the truth that his own mother was killed by Frollo. Frollo

tells him how he saved and took him in after his mother dumped him. Being

brainwashed on how heroic Frollo is for him, he obeys everything Frollo asks and

commands, even if he does not want it. He is treated like a vermin and slave, yet

he never complains because in his eyes Frollo is his savior.

In the dialogue starts with Frollo being furious after Quasimodo mentioned

‘Festival’. Having the idea that Quasimodo thinks about going to the festival, he

bombards Quasimodo with the fact on how Frollo is the only one who can stand

him, the one who dress him, educate him and give him food. Frollo also says “Do

as I say. Obey, and stay here”. Frollo does not even bother to put it in a nice way,

he simply commands and obliges Quasimodo to just stay put and never go out.


33

In several other cases, Esmeralda the Gypsy also asks Quasimodo to help her.

This fact is actually very different from what he faces with Frollo, because

Quasimodo really likes Esmeralda. He develops a sense that he will always help

Esmeralda to do everything she ask. Quasimodo do that because he loves her not

only because she saved him from being bullied in public, because through

Esmeralda, he learns what friend is actually meant, he learns how to be confident

and not to believe everything Frollo says about himself and other people. His

dialogue with Esmeralda gets him when he told her about his master who tells him

he is a monster, and the Gypsies who are bad and evil.

ESMERALDA. Monster lines. Not a single one. Now you look at me. Do you

think I’m evil?

QUASIMODO. No, no, no! You are kind, and good, and- ESMERALDA. -and a gypsy. And maybe Frollo’s wrong about both of us.

(Dialogue timeline mark 42:02-11).

Quasimodo later believes that Esmeralda means no harm to him. He can see

the kindness and sincerity that Esmeralda gives. For the first time he gains a

human friend, and he begins to doubt Frollo accusation that all Gypsies are bad.

7. Brave and Heroic

Although Quasimodo is very much obedient and afraid of Frollo, there are

several cases when he snaps to collect all his bravery to go against Frollo. The

first example is when Esmeralda asks for sanctuary to the Cathedral and manages

to find Quasimodo there. Quasimodo feels he needs to help her because she

previously helped Quasimodo to. He knows Frollo basically hunts Esmeralda, yet

he still helps her out from Notre Dame.


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Figure 1.7.0 Quasimodo helps Esmeralda to escape

The next is when Quasimodo and Phoebus look for the Gypsies’ hideout to

save them from being captured by Frollo. This part of the movie is the beginning

that build the climax. The climax itself shows where Esmeralda is accused of

being a witch and about to be burnt alive in public. Quasimodo, cannot bear

seeing her dying, able to breaks free from chain and throws himself into the fire.

Quasimodo risks his life to save her and everybody else, but it is too late and

Esmeralda is not moving at all. However, Quasimodo does not know that

Esmeralda is in fact, alive. Quasimodo is confronted by Frollo who intends to kill

him after setting out the whole city in fire. Frollo then confesses he killed

Quasimodo’s mother and he never loves Quasimodo nor thinks of him as a sone.

They both fight and Frollo falls down from height, eventually dies.

This is the part when Quasimodo believes that Frollo is evil and it is a good

decision to end his evilness. Quasimodo saves Esmeralda and all people from

Frollo’s dictatorshipp.


35

Figure 1.7.1 Quasimodo is called as a hero by the people

Everyone in the city cheer for him and call him hero for saving their lives and

the city from the catastrophe set by Frollo and his devious followers. Quasimodo,

being even a bigger hero, lets Esmeralda to be with Phoebus and gives up on his

own feeling when he realizes that both are meant to be together. Quasimodo saves

everyone’s’ lives, including the people of Paris who threw junks and humiliated

him.

B. The Conflicts Faced by Quasimodo against Himself and Other

Characters

In common literary works, conflicts are categorized as the essential elements

as they build and evolve to become what we call the climax of the stories.

Conflicts are provided as matters to depict emotional arising so that the readers or

audience can experience them. Conflict, just as in the real world or in fictional

world, is something cannot be avoided because interaction is involved.

Similar with common human relationship in general which is prone to conflict

and disagreements, in a fiction where there are many characters engage in


36

various interactions is also full of conflicts. Conflict is ignited when there are

differences or disagreements between characters. Disagreements instigated

conflicts in the common forms are varied from social, interests, even politics

which depend on the genre or the aim of the authors. The upheaval although most

likely happens amongst characters, it also highly possible that an individual

character experiences inner struggles or conflicts. This phenomenon is what

Kenney (1966) means by internal conflict.

1. Internal Conflict

Internal conflict as mentioned earlier, is an inner battle happens within the

character’s oneself. This kind of conflict is also called man versus man conflict

(Kenney,1966). The war inside a character happens when a certain character

experiences confusion, bewilderment, uncertainty or indecisive choices or beliefs.

The causes also can be varied and triggered by external conflicts, such as who to

choose sides in a fight, who should be believed when two premises are announced,

and so on so forth.

In Quasimodo’s cases, internal and external conflicts he experiences are

related and influenced one to others. This has something to do with how he owns

himself and how he believes or obeys other characters. The conflicts that happen

surround him are mostly the manifestation of indecisiveness whether he has to

stay loyal to Frollo, or fight for what he really wants.

In the beginning of the movie, Quasimodo and his Gargoyle friends are talking

about the Festival of Fools. The Gargoyles know how he really wants to watch the

festival. In the dialogue starts from 08:10, both Victor and Hugo


37

encourage him to watch with them. But they all see him hesitating. Laverne

senses the doubt and asks him what is wrong, which to it he answers that he does

not feel like watching the festival. Then, she asks whether he ever think about

going to the festival directly, and thus is answered by Quasimodo saying “But I'd

never fit in down there. I'm not...normal.” which answer actually does answer the

question: he wants to go, but he does not think he can go.

The Gargoyles manage to convince Quasimodo to go undercover so nobody

can actually see him. He gets the way to get out and go to the festival however it

all comes down crushed the moment Frollo appears and he knows Quasimodo is

thinking about going to the festival. Frollo destroys his dream by talking about

how Quasimodo was heartlessly abandoned yet Frollo raises him as his own child.

Frollo manipulates him to believe that Quasimodo is ungrateful for how he replies

the kindness with betrayal. Frollo manipulates him into thinking he does not know

how cruel the outside world like Frollo does. Once again, Quasimodo hesitates.

He is torn between what he wants and what Frollo’s commands him to.

This hesitance exists because Quasimodo knows the facts that he is isolated

because of the way he looks. He is being casted away by Fro llo in order to not be

seen by anyone because of how monstrous he looks. Quasimodo thinks the festival

is something that normal human being celebrating. By seeing himself as

somebody who is not- normal, dispute his desire to go. He does not want to

disobey, yet he says “what I’d give, and what I’d want for just to live one day out

there” and eventually, at the end, he decides to go against Frollo’s order for him

to stay concealed inside the Cathedral, and just go.


38

This conflict is what previously said to be related by external conflict. The

meeting point lies when Frollo appears as a character that withholds opposite

wants in form of contradictory ideas that Quasimodo ought to obey. The conflict

of interest between the two characters resulted in Quasimodo’s inner struggles.

The inner conflicts of wants and wills also happen whenever Quasimodo faces

this love interest and her love interest. Esmeralda is portrayed as strong, righteous

and beautiful woman. However, in Quasimodo’s eyes, she is far much more than

that. Rather than seeing her for the appearance, Quasimodo chooses the adjectives

that describe Esmeralda in a non-visual way, such as kind hearted, good, a

heaven’s light and very different with other Gypsies that he defines as very evil.

Quasimodo grows very fond of her, because she is the first ever person to smile at

him, save him from being humiliated in public, and the first person that tell him

he is not a monster and has no single quality of a monster.

Quasimodo’s fondness toward Esmeralda is stronger of a friendship. He adores

her but unfortunately the feeling is not mutual. She cherishes him as only a friend

as she begins to like Phoebus who she thinks very different from other soldiers.

When Phoebus gets injured from fighting against Frollo, Esmeralda asks

Quasimodo to help her hides him. Conflicted, Quasimodo hesitates to help because

he knows she likes Phoebus and Quasimodo likes her, but he cannot refuse to

help someone he loves. Quasimodo thinks at least Esmeralda likes him too,

however his thought is proven false when he sees her kisses Phoebus. He feels

dejected and down. He sees the woman he likes kissing other man. Thus,

makes him realizes it is impossible for her to love someone like himself, someone


39

he claims himself as “no face as hideous as my face, was ever meant for heaven's

light though I might wish with all my might”.

Figure 2.1.1 Quasimodo witnesses Esmeralda kissing Phoebus

Quasimodo is broken hearted, projected in the figure above, that shows he

tears the Ace heart card given by Esmeralda into two pieces. However, at the end

of the days, despites being hurt by the unrequited love, Quasimodo has no heart to

break his promise to Esmeralda that he would hide Phoebus safely from Frollo.

Same thing goes when Phoebus asks Quasimodo to join him saving Esmeralda

and other Gypies.

Quasimodo at first says “I cannot” then it makes Phoebus questions his

friendship with Esmeralda. He keeps reasoning how Frollo is his master and he

cannot disobey his order. However, then he remembers Frollo’s word that a Gypsy

is incapable of loving, just like his mother and he snaps to Phoebus by saying “She

already has her knight in shining armor, and it's not me. Frollo was right. Frollo

was right about everything”. At this point, it is not his obedience that is being

questioned; Quasimodo is jealous. He thinks Esmeralda does not


40

need a man like him, but then a ‘quarrel’ between Phoebus and Quasimodo puts

him back to his sense and priority which is to save Esmeralda.

Throughout the entire movie, the internal conflicts that Quasimodo faces

comes from his lack of confidence in the way he looks. Being criticized for his

whole life does aware him of how he appears. However, the biggest influence

comes from Frollo who raised him since he was practically a new born. Frollo has

the biggest role in shaping Quasimodo’s behavior including the way he acts, the

way he thinks and the way he talks.

Frollo hates Gypsies. Quasimodo was one of them. Unlike what he claims

and what Quasimodo believes; that Frollo loves him like his own child, he despises

Quasimodo. Frollo taught him that Gypsies are evil, just like his mother who left

him. That is why he gets conflicted when he knows how Esmeralda treats him is

totally the opposite of what Frollo let him know. The hate Frollo has toward

Quasimodo that is a Gypsy is so intense that he taught him alphabets in bad and

negatives way. He uses the negative derogatory words that stands for the

alphabets, for example, A for abomination (red. Disgusting act), B for blasphemy

(red. Act of insulting towards sacred things), D for damnations (red. State of

being damned with punishment) and more. He also makes Quasimodo says it with

his own mouth. Just to reminds him; he is nothing but what he said.

The self-derogating way of teaching done by Frollo has formed Quasimodo to

become a man with too much of self-consciousness, low self-esteem, and a content

insecurity. It makes him always scared to decide anything, like wanting to go the

festival but he cannot because he does not look normal, or hesitating


41

whether he should go out but he cannot because he is ugly. The fact that

Quasimodo is actually locked up inside the cathedral, no one ever sees him, yet he

is capable to call himself ugly is a vivid prove on how Frollo really plants the

word ‘ugly’ in every inch of Quasimodo’s life.

2. External Conflict

Other than internal conflict than happens inside one’s mind, there is also

external conflict which means the conflict that happens between characters. It can

be in form of individual versus individual, individual versus group, or group

versus group. The bigger the number of participants, the bigger conflicts are

plausible to happen. External conflict, to differ with internal conflict, happens

with outside force. External conflict is something that cannot be avoided when

there are many characters have interactions. Literary-wise, conflict helps the plot

to build from beginning, to climax, then down to resolution (Tennyson, 1967, pp.

14). However, to be highlighted here, is the individual-centric external conflicts,

which according to Kenney is divided into four, but the researcher takes two out

of the four (minus Man versus Technology and Man versus Nature).

In the movie, conflicts between man versus other(s) happen several times.

With the climax on Quasimodo versus Frollo. this has something to do with the

different interests and values both men have. In this part of discussion, the conflicts

to be paid attention to is centralized on Quasimodo.

a. Man versus Man

Man versus man conflict means the central of the conflict is two people with

differences in ideas. The ideas can be social, political, even religion. The conflict


42

also can result in various outputs, such as emotional, verbal and even physical. In

a literary work with roles that are divided into protagonist and antagonist, this

type of conflict is unavoidable. Just like in modern literary when a super hero

fights the villain, the conflict Quasimodo an Frollo have, is like a knight against

his nemesis.

In the movie, Quasimodo is presented as the protagonist, despite the

repetitious acclaims on how he looks like a monster. In the previous research

question about Quasimodo’s characteristics, Quasimodo has qualities that a

superhero has. He is strong, heroic, and kind hearted. A truly amiable character

who is wrongly judged because of the way he emerges in the eyes of other people.

On the other way, Frollo is shown as a man working for the justice. He is

very formidable, fearsome, authoritative and self-centric. He has all qualities of a

tyrant. He finds Gypsies are threats to society and revolting people, no matter how

they actually do no wrong. He has aim to destroy every single Gypsy and the

people who help them. One particular Gypsy he both hates and desires is

Esmeralda. He hunts her all around places and burns the whole city to find her.

The hunt does not end well as he infuriates Quasimodo by hurting Esmeralda and

this is where the conflict between Frollo and Quasimodo is started.

Quasimodo finds out that Frollo had killed Esmeralda. While he is still

mourning and crying about losing her, Frollo sees a chance to kill Quasimodo to,

but end up failed as Quasimodo notice him. The two ends up fighting each other

physically. In the middle of the fight, both find out that Esmeralda is actually still

alive. This, angers Frollo more, and Quasimodo has to both fight and protect


43

himself and Esmeralda. Being strong and brave as he is, the fight ends with

Quasimodo successfully defends and protects himself and Esmeralda, while Frollo

fall into an open fire.

Figure 2.1.2 Frollo attempts to kill Esmeralda while Quasimodo is saving her

Quasimodo has always been an obedient slave to Frollo. He is borderline

between being grateful having been saved so he complies Frollo, or being afraid

of Frollo’s power so he obeys the man. Quasimodo does everything Frollo

commands him to. However, he loses it all because of love. Although in the end

Quasimodo is not getting together with his love, the sacrifices and bravery t hat he

does are all showing how pure hearted he is compared to Frollo’s self-acclaimed

righteousness as the reasons of the wrong doings he has done.

b. Man versus Society

It is mentioned earlier in the first part of this chapter that Quasimodo lives in

a solitude with no human companion. The reason of Quasimodo’s solitary life is

his appearance. Frollo wants nobody ever see the misshapen creature he raised

since a baby. The truth is not that Frollo cares the safety or comfort of his people,

more like he is ashamed to admit he is an adoptive father of an ugly deformed

Gypsy and he wants to remain oblivious to the fact that he killed Quasimodo’s


44

mother in front of the Archdeacon. Frollo wants to keep the secrets as the way

they are so he put Quasimodo behind closed door, yet there is no actual explanation

by the movie how people know who Quasimodo is despite Frollo’s effort to

hide him.

Quasimodo makes first appearance in public when he decides to come to the

festival. Quasimodo believes it is fine form him as a citizen to come and join the

festival as how everybody else do, however it is not the case seeing by how the

public’s reactions. He ends up being shoved around, publicly tortured and

humiliated because he is ugly and deemed not worthy to come in public. This

conflict shows just how the difference of idea of being a free human may harm

other individual or people.

The people know he is the bell ringer, this is a known fact provided by the

film maker just as how they show Frollo’s job as the Judge assigned by the

ministry. Quasimodo faces the people in a timid and meek demeanor. He at the

end, regrets ignoring his master’s order to stay hidden and this makes him more

dependent and obey his master more. This makes him believes that Frollo’s

existence is truly to save and protect Quasimodo from the mean people and

societal judgement.

Quasimodo is a figure that every group of people dislike. The groups having

relatively close or remote interactions with him are the church goers, the society

surrounds the Cathedral, which is the highlighted major conflict, and the remain-

hidden Gypsies. The hunchback and the three different groups of society have

serious problematic interactions. However, to be called ‘interactions’ required


45

certain responses from Quasimodo, but it is not remotely closed to that term. The-

more proper way to describe are bullying, humiliations, and shamming and all

have sort of different reasons too.

The first man versus society conflict happens between Quasimodo against the

citizens or people surrounding the Cathedral. The conflicts are in form of both

physical and non-physical conflicts. The people who at that time come to celebrate

The Festival of Fools physically assault Quasimodo by throwing thrash and

vegetables and also bind him into a wheel cart. Quasimodo is surely a physically

strong character, however to have a bunch of people attack him at the same time,

his resistance turns futile. Non-physical assaults are also suffered by

Quasimodo. As if throwing and binding him are not sufficient, the people also call

him all bad names.

Figure 2.2.2 Quasimodo is assaulted in public

The next two man versus society conflicts are Quasimodo versus the church

people and Quasimodo versus the Gypsies, are categorized as minor because they

do not give major influence to the plot and show important points that support

Quasimodo’s characterizations. The church people criticize Quasimodo who comes

to get Esmeralda. They show expressions of disdain and repulse, even one


46

of the men harshly questions him “What are you doing down here!?! Haven't you

caused enough trouble already?”. This part shows how contradictive their status as

people of God with the ways they treat other human being despite Quasimodo

spends his entire isolated life as the bell ringer for the people of church.

The last man versus society conflict happen between Quasimodo and the

Gypsies. This is actually just a misunderstanding that happens because the Gypsies

are hiding themselves from Frollo and everybody in Paris. When they find out

that Quasimodo and Phoebus, which they still think is working under Frollo, find

their shelter, they are terrified and enraged. They are afraid to be caught and

imprisoned, so they capture them and plan to hang them in front of the other

Gypsies. Luckily, Esmeralda manages to come and stop them from getting

hanged.

Figure 2.2.3 Quasimodo and Pheobus are captured by the Gypsies

The Gypsies later find out that Quasimodo and Phoebus come to warn them

that Frollo knows their hiding place and ask them to run away. However, in the

end the Gypsies are captured. Frollo, all the way knows that Quasimodo will

come to the Gypsies’ hiding place, so he and the guards follow Quasimodo and


47

Phoebus. Although the conflict is minor, this is actually just the beginning of the

climax.

C. The other Characters’ Presence and which Develop Quasimodo’s Social

Behavior

Social influence as it has been elaborated in the second chapter, defined as the

behavioral change done by an individual or group as the effect of someone’s

existence. Mavrodiev, Tessone and Schweitzer discuss in their scientific reports

that the intention of this change is to adapt, adjust, or blend with the condition

created by the particular figure. Changes in behavior is a common process in

society because it plays an important function for a society to grow and maintain

its stability (2013, p. 4).

Every society is ruled by certain figures that involve and form regulations or

norms that everyone in that inner circle of society ought to obey and accept in

order to form a harmonized condition. When the people in a society fail to adjust

themselves, it is usually due to several reasons including differences in idea and

interest, inability to change due to their social or psychological condition, and the

judgments towards other individual beings (Mavrodiev, Tessone and Schweitzer,

2013, p.5). Individual who succeeds through social influence and its processes,

changes in habits, behaviors, and sometimes even mindsets or psychological

characters if those induced behaviors happen in impactful and frequent times.

Those changes show how someone or society have strong influence to someone

that they affect how other individual behaves.


48

Social Influence happens in a series of process. Just like the process of

physical adaptation that takes time and stages, social behavior and attitude change

also happens in observable steps. Previously mentioned above, Kelman categorized

the process of attitude or behavior change into three steps, which is also known

as Kelman’s Variations. Kelman’s variations consist of Compliance,

Identification, and Internalization (Kelman, 1958, p. 52).

Gibson (2017), agreeing with Hogg and Vaughan, stated that social influence

is related and affected by the presence of another individual. Social psychologists

agree that social influence is distinguished between three forms of social

influence which are compliance, conformity and obedience. In the movie itself

where it is one person-centric and Quasimodo entitled as that ‘one person’, there

can be seen clearly how the character is visualized, how he involved in interactions

and conflicts, and even how he survives and resolves the conflicts.

Just like how the previous questions are answers based on the reality on how

the movie is presented, there is strong connection between Quasimodo’s behavior,

his upbringings, and the way he acts and roles in every conflict to the social

influence he gets from other characters. Social influence can be defined as a

change of behavior because of the existence of other individuals. Previously

mentioned, there are three major influences that happen in society. Between the

three, conformity is the only social influence that is fail to be analyzed from

Quasimodo’s behavior. Conformity is a change that formed because that individual

take notice from paying attention to the other individual beside


49

him/her. This does not apply to Quasimodo where the environment he lives in is

in a form of a solitary live.

The three social influences revolve around Quasimodo in his everyday life

as he interacts with other characters although, it is very litt le to be seen. Quasimodo

mostly converses with the gargoyles who are basically his imaginary friends since

he is very lonely. He also interacts with Frollo and Esmeralda. These social

interactions may result in different outcome of social influences. Depending on the

interaction, positive or negative, as how it is mention earlier. Based on Rook’s

explanation, the exchange of social interaction is called positive when the

outcome of the interactions causes no signs of distress. Negative social interaction

happens when the activity and outcomes involve discouraging the expression of

feelings, making critical remarks, invading another’s privacy, interfering in

another’s affairs, or failing to provide promised help, among others (Rook, 1990).

Compliance in the context of social influence’s category, is simplified as an

unforced response towards someone or something in a form of behavioral change

that satisfy someone else. In Quasimodo’s situation, he must do something to

comply with another people’s request with a note that he has to be willing to do,

without being burdened by obligations and force.

Compliance in literal way means the action of complying in adapting to

something new. In a psychosocial context which based on Kelman’s theory, it is

dubbed as someone’s initial response towards existence of something or someone

in a society. This, including law, regulation, norm, or a figure. The acceptance of

this step occurs because this individual hope merely to achieve approval, or even


50

favorable reaction from other people around him or her (Kelman, 1958, p. 53).

This step is not necessarily change in whole attitude, but the basic form of

behavioral change. Compliance itself, other than form of a step in Social Influence,

is also categorized as a kind of Social Influence. In this particular sub context,

Compliance is defined as a non-force act to respond an induced behavior, simply in

order to comply someone’s request or agree with someone.

Complying process happens all the time with Quasimodo during all those

social influences that are analyzed. He is a character portrayed as the lowest

barely human being, who by fate is bounded to accept everything that happens to

him. He endures all the humiliation and mockery from society that actually by

rank or position is the same as Quasimodo and this foul treatment from society

has happened so frequently to the point Quasimodo develops his timid and low

self-esteemed character. He is so used to those bad treatments that when other

individual acts friendly and non-hostile manners to him, he becomes doubtful and

skeptical. Quasimodo’s idea of how society see himself, produces the lack of

confident within himself no matter how good he is. The absence of confidence

results the internal conflicts that mostly happens between him and other characters.

These continuously happens in a loop, like a domino effect that whenever

something happens, Quasimodo is the one to blame.

Quasimodo’s compliant reactions to the influences of different characters

happened throughout the movie, showed how his characters also hold a big role in

the process of his behavioral changes. The two characters that are showed more

frequently in the movie and holding the biggest influence towards Quasimodo are


51

Frollo and Esmeralda. Those two characters, although Quasimodo shows how

compliant he is, still each happens in quite different degree especially in his

willingness. The others with minor interactions like Phoebus, the society, or the

Gypsies, although also determine the influences of how Quasimodo behaves, they

receive rather mild reactions from Quasimodo.

With Esmeralda, the initial reaction Quasimodo gives is a doubt. As it is

mentioned earlier that Quasimodo is fair to be told has quite an issue with trust

when other people treat him with kindness. However, compliance is shown by

Quasimodo when he goes along with what Esmeralda coaxes him to do.

This social influence happens twice in a row with the same setting and

scene. First, is when Esmeralda asks him to hide Phoebus because he is chased by

Frollo. Thus, ignites the internal conflict for Quasimodo because he has to choose

to comply the woman he loves, to obey the man who raised him, or just be selfish

because he wants Esmeralda for himself and in the end, he chooses the first.

The second time happens when Phoebus ask Quasimodo to help him save

Esmeralda and the other Gypsies. Phoebus knows that Quasimodo knows where

the Gypsies take shelter, Phoebus questions Quasimodo’s sincerity as Esmeralda’s

friend because he sees the doubt the Quasimodo’s eyes. Quasimodo has the internal

conflict, again. Quasimodo reason is because he dares not to betray Frollo, but the

truth is he feels jealous that Esmeralda and Phoebus love each other.

Positive and negative interactions can also be happened overlapping with

the social influences. Negative interactions between two individuals cannot be


52

happened in compliance because for it to be happened, there be needed consents

and sense of non-forcefulness. The conflicts that follow, however cannot be

guaranteed since individuals give off different reactions. For example, the

behavioral change that Quasimodo does to comply with Esmeralda is done with

the willing to fulfill Esmeralda’s request and Quasimodo is happy to do that since

she is happy too. However, it results in Frollo being angry and he himself is

broken hearted. The difference is in the process, there is no discomfort happens

with Quasimodo or Esmeralda.

The last and most obvious social influence Quasimodo has is obedience.

Obedience happens when someone’s behavior changes because there are higher

figures that tell commands or make rules. This influence is as clear as big bold

font in newspaper because in the movie, the power and mightiness possessed by

Frollo is the main reason why conflicts happen, and why Quasimodo is a conflicted

character. The visualizations of this social influence can be seen several times

because Frollo is a figure of authorities. With Quasimodo himself, the sense of

obedient influenced by Frollo also can be pointed out.

Frollo is the person who shapes Quasimodo’s behavior. Quasimodo believes

he is worthless as vermin to society. The doctrine about how bad he is delivered

from Frollo is also proven when he publics show reaction whenever they see

Quasimodo. Frollo makes Quasimodo feels in debt by telling lies that his mother

threw him. Frollo is a figure of father, judge, and master for him. He tell-tales

how he feels grateful that Frollo saved him, but the way Quasimodo behaves is

more like a scared slave than a grateful son. Quasimodo fears Frollo and the virtue


53

he has. Frollo wants a figure of slave who fears, obeys, and beneficial for himself.

Frollo enchants in the beginning that ‘one day may to be of use to me’ and that

remark is true, in the end he achieves capturing all Gypsies by decoying

Quasimodo.

This negative outcome which ignites conflicts, is categorized as a negative

social exchange because not only the outcome, the process itself require

Quasimodo to fell distress and sad knowing he doesn’t have the control over

anything he loves. In order to obey Frollo, he disregard his own feelings and do

whatever the Judge as him to do because he feels in debt and vulnerable due to the

imbalance of authority. The outcome that follows also shows not only physical

fights but also the revelation towards the truth that what Quasimodo knows is all

lies. Quasimodo explodes when he sees how Frollo damages Esmeralda as he

says:

QUASIMODO. No, you listen! All my life you have told me the world is a

dark, cruel place. But now, I see that the only thing dark and cruel about it is

people like you!

(Dialogue time mark 1:49:03).

The conflict inflicted by how Quasimodo betrays the respect and obedience

he has to Frollo is listed as the major conflicts in the story. The figure he believes

as a holy, righteous, and respectable is destroyed when he sees Frollo kills

Esmeralda, then try to kill him too. Quasimodo does not have a single doubt to

protect her against Frollo. The anger towards Frollo grows bigger when Frollo

tells him the truth behind his mother. Frollo says:


54

FROLLO. I should have known you'd risk your life to save that gypsy

witch. Just as your own mother died trying to save you.

QUASIMODO. What!?!

FROLLO. Now I'm going to do what I should have done twenty years ago!

(Dialogue time mark 1:52:10).

The trust he has for Frollo disappears as he fights Frollo as he might,

knowing he has no reason for not doing so. In the end, just as it is told by the

narrator at the very first part of the movie, he riddled for the audience to guess.

The riddle says ‘Here is a riddle to guess, if you can sing the bells of Notre Dame.

Who is the monster and who is the man?’ and by the end of the movie, everyone

knows how Quasimodo, the man dubbed as a monster, save everybody from the

holy man they called a Judge.


CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS

From the analysis and elaborations based on the proves and guiding theories,

the conclusions are composed accordingly. The first research question about

Quasimodo’s characterizations is analyzed based on Murphy’s theory of character

and characterization (1972). The theory of character’s identifications through nine

ways, but the researcher takes five ways out of nine which are personal

descriptions or in a movie is the visualization of Quasimodo, how he is as seen

by others, past life, thoughts and manners or behaviors. From those ways of

identifications and by the help from the supporting evidence, Quasimodo is

said to be an orphaned man with physical deformities but strong and kind, who

lives in isolation because of how monstrous he looks. He is very obedient to his

adoptive evil father and master whom then he defeats in order to save the people

the treasures. He is the ugly, hideous hunchback that everybody finally ought to

call a hero.

The second research question about the conflicts that happen to Quasimodo

is analyzed based on Kenney’s theory of conflicts and their sources from (1966).

The conflicts are categorized into man vs himself or also called internal conflict,

happens within Quasimodo’s mind and heart. For examples when he has to decide

whether he comes to the festival or just stays as what Frollo wishes, or when he is

conflicted and doubtful about his feeling to Esmeralda versus his obligation to his

55


56

master, and the last example is the inner battle of dejected feeling and urge to save

a lover when Phoebus ask for help to save Esmeralda and the Gypsies.

The other source of conflict, which is external conflict, is the conflicts

coming from outer force. This conflict then categorized again into five main

conflicts; however, the researcher takes two major conflicts which are man versus

man, and man versus society. The man versus mas conflict happens between

Quasimodo versus Frollo as the visualization of the protagonist versus antagonist.

The conflict that happens with Quasimodo and Frollo is the manifestation of

anger, doubt, and the urge to save someone he loves, versus the pride and self-

acclaimed righteousness. Resulting in a typical Disney animated movie ending;

the good wins against the bad.

The other man versus external force, is man versus society. Here,

Quasimodo is faced with issues from three different societies. First is a major

conflict man versus society between Quasimodo and the citizen of Paris

surrounding the Cathedral. Physically, he is tortured by getting thrown over trashes

while he is bonded. Non-physically, he is called names, verbally humiliated, and

bullied over his appearance.

The second and third man versus society conflicts are minor conflicts which

means the effect is substantial. The said conflicts are between Quasimodo versus

the church goers and Quasimodo versus the Gypsies. Quasimodo is known to be

the bell ringer of Notre Dame, but the people who come to pray are disgusted by

Quasimodo and never want him to show himself in front of another human. The

last, is Quasimodo versus the Gypsies. This conflict happens when Quasimodo


57

helps Phoebus to warn the Gypsies, but they get caught and almost get hanged

before Esmeralda stops the execution process.

The final research question is about what kinds of social influence

Quasimodo gets from the people and the conflicts surround him. This part of the

discussion applies theory from Hogg and Vaughan (2011) about social influences

that theorize the social influence into three types which are conformity which

means the change of behavior to adapt into the surrounding environment,

compliance which means the change of behavior as the form of non-forceful

agreement and request, and obedience which means change of behavior due to the

influence of people with authority or higher status.

Social influence is affected by the interactions or existence of other people

around the character which in Quasimodo’s cases, the only visible influences are

compliance and obedience. Conformity is disputed because Quasimodo himself

does not interact with many people where he actually has to adjust himself, and he

does not belong to any form of society since he lives in a n isolation.

In Quasimodo’s situation, compliance is shown when he has to do something

in order to comply with somebody’s request. This social influence happens twice

in a row. First, is when Esmeralda asks him to hide Phoebus because he is

chased by Frollo. The second time happens when Phoebus ask Quasimodo to help

him save Esmeralda and the other Gypsies. Obedience happens when Quasimodo’s

behavior changes bcause there are higher figures that tell commands or make rules.

This influence is clear because the power and mightiness possessed by Frollo is

the main reason why conflicts happen, and why


58

Quasimodo is a conflicted character. Frollo is the person who shapes Quasimodo’s

behavior. For Quasimodo, Frollo is a figure of father, judge, and master all at

once, so he has no choice but to obey Frollo. Frollo wants him to be a slave that

does all of his commands and believes everything that he says.


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Appendix: Summary of the movie

(Source: disney.com/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre_Dame

The movie opens in 1482 Paris with Clopin, a Gypsy puppeteer, telling a

group of children the story of the Hunchback of Notre Dame. The story begins as

three gypsies sneak illegally into Paris but are ambushed by a squadron of soldier-

like thugs working for Judge Claude Frollo, the Minister of Justice and de facto

ruler of Paris. A gypsy woman attempts to flee with her baby, but Frollo, thinking

the woman is carrying stolen goods, catches and kills her just outside Notre

Dame, intending to kill her deformed baby (Frollo says to the Archdeacon that the

baby is "an unholy demon" and that he is "sending it back to hell where it

belongs"), but the Archdeacon appears and accuses him of murdering an innocent

woman. Frollo denies that he is in the wrong saying his conscience is clear, but

the Archdeacon declares he can lie to himself all he wants, but he cannot hide his

crime from heaven ('the eyes of Notre Dame', the statues of the saints outside the

cathedral). Fearing for his soul and to atone for his sin, Frollo reluctantly agrees to

raise the deformed child in the Cathedral's bell tower as his son, naming him

Quasimodo. He notes that someday the child may have use for him.

Twenty years later in 1502, Quasimodo has developed into a kind yet isolated

young man with three gargoyles as his only company, constantly told by Frollo

that he is a monster who would be rejected by the uncaring outside world. Despite

these warnings, Quasimodo sneaks out of the Cathedral to attend the Feast of

Fools, where he is crowned King of Fools but immediately humiliated by the

62


63

crowd when Frollo's thugs start a riot. Frollo, in the audience, refuses to help

Quasimodo, and the crowd only stops when a kind and beautiful gypsy Esmeralda

frees Quasimodo from his restraints and openly defies Frollo. She then throws the

crown at Frollo, deeming him to be the biggest fool. The judge immediately

orders her arrested, but she escapes by means of illusions, which Frollo refers to

as "witchcraft." Frollo confronts Quasimodo and sends him back inside the

Cathedral.

Esmeralda follows Quasimodo to find him, but she herself is followed by

Phoebus, Frollo's Captain of the Guard. Phoebus, who himself does not approve

of Frollo's methods, refuses to arrest her inside the Cathedral, saying that she has

claimed 'Sanctuary' and thus cannot be arrested as long as she remains in Notre

Dame. Frollo finally leaves when the Archdeacon intervenes, but not before

warning Esmeralda that his men will capture her the moment, she attempts to

escape the Cathedral. Esmeralda finds Quasimodo in the bell tower and befriends

him. As gratitude for helping him in the crowd, Quasimodo helps Esmeralda

escape Notre Dame. In return, she leaves him with a map to the gypsy hideout, the

Court of Miracles, should he ever choose to leave Notre Dame again. Frollo

himself begins to realize his lustful feelings for Esmeralda and wishes to be free

of them to escape eternal damnation. He soon learns of Esmeralda's escape and

instigates a city-wide manhunt for her, which involves burning down countless

houses in his path.

Realizing that Frollo has lost his mind, Phoebus defies the judge by saving an

innocent family, as Frollo orders him executed for treason, but is assisted in


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escape by Esmeralda. After being hit by an arrow, Phoebus falls into the Seine

River and is left for dead by Frollo, but he is rescued by Esmeralda, who takes

him to Quasimodo for refuge.

Frollo soon returns to the Cathedral, forcing Quasimodo to hide Phoebus.

Discovering that Quasimodo helped Esmeralda escape, the judge bluffs that he

knows where the Court of Miracles is and that he intends to attack it at dawn with

a battalion. After he leaves, Phoebus requests Quasimodo's help in finding the

Court before Frollo, though reluctant he agrees to join. Using the map Esmeralda

left, they find it and are almost hung by Clopin for being spies, but they are saved

when Esmeralda intervenes and clears up the misunderstanding. Phoebus tries to

get the court to retreat as Frollo plans to invade however, Frollo's army appears

and captures them all, with the judge revealing that he followed Phoebus and

Quasimodo.

Frollo then orders Esmeralda burned at the stake after she refuses his proposal

of her becoming his mistress. Frollo gets a torch and burns the wheat Esmeralda is

standing on and she starts coughing and then she goes unconscious. Quasimodo,

chained up in the bell tower, initially refuses to help under depression, but when

he sees Esmeralda in pain, he gives into his anger and rescues her, bringing her to

the cathedral and yelling "Sanctuary." As Frollo grabs a sword and orders his men

to attack the cathedral, Phoebus ignites a rebellion among the people of Paris who

have had enough of Frollo's tyranny and a battle ensues in the street between the

citizenry and Frollo's thug army. Quasimodo places Esmeralda's unconscious body

on a bed and pours a cauldron of molten copper onto the streets to ensure


65

nobody gets inside. Frollo, however, manages to break in and force his way past

the Archdeacon. Quasimodo, believing Esmeralda to be dead, breaks down in

tears beside her body as Frollo comes into the room to kill him with a dagger.

Quasimodo, in his fury, disarms his former guardian and finally rejects all that

Frollo had taught him. Esmeralda wakes up, alive, and Quasimodo grabs her and

flees. The deranged judge chases them onto the balcony, where he attacks

Quasimodo and Esmeralda with his sword. The battle ends with Frollo maniacally

quoting the Bible and him and Quasimodo both falling from the balcony. After

Frollo falls to his death, Quasimodo also falls but is caught by Phoebu s on a lower

floor, and the three friends reunite.

As the citizens celebrate their victory over Frollo, Quasimodo reluctantly

emerges from the Cathedral to face the populace again, only this time, he is hailed

as a hero and is finally accepted into society.


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