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The Doppler EffectThe Doppler Effect
MUDr.Michal JurajdaMUDr.Michal Jurajda
ÚPF LF MU BrnoÚPF LF MU Brno
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Brief HistoryBrief History
The Doppler effect was stated by Austrian physicist and mathematician Christian Johann Doppler in 1842.
Doppler was a professor at the Technical Institute of Prague and later at the Polytechnicum in Vienna
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The Doppler effect
The Doppler effect describes a change in the frequency of a wave, resulting from motion of the wave source or receiver, or in the case of a reflected wave, motion of the reflector.
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Medical Doppler Medical Doppler ultrasoundultrasound
Doppler ultrasound is used to detect and measure blood flow, and the major reflector is the red blood cell.
The Doppler shift is dependent on the insonating frequency, the velocity of moving blood, and the angle between the sound beam and direction of moving blood
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EquationsEquations
cos2
f
cdfv
c
vfdf
cos2
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Doppler systems Doppler systems
Simple DopplerSimple Doppler Duplex systemsDuplex systems
• colour Dopplercolour Doppler• pulsed Dopplerpulsed Doppler
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Simple DopplerSimple Doppler
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Colour DopplerColour Doppler
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Pulsed DopplerPulsed Doppler
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MeasurementMeasurement
Artery palpationArtery palpation Aplication of the gel - ultrasound Aplication of the gel - ultrasound
conducting mediumconducting medium Transducer positioningTransducer positioning Signal reading (hearing)Signal reading (hearing)
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Clinical use Clinical use
Stenosis detectionStenosis detection Blood flow direction detectionBlood flow direction detection Blood flow character assesment Blood flow character assesment
(laminar/turbulent)(laminar/turbulent) Detection of venous flowDetection of venous flow
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Stenosis detectionStenosis detection
segmental pressures color-assisted duplex sonography
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Systolic amplificationSystolic amplification
Systolic pressure normally increases as the pressure wave travels distally, due to reflection of waves and high peripheral resistance, a process known as systolic amplification. Therefore, the systolic pressure measured at the ankle is normally slightly higher than in the arm.
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Segmental pressureSegmental pressure
Ankle/Brachial Index normal >1.0
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TOSTOS
Thoracic outlet syndromThoracic outlet syndrom
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Steal fenomenSteal fenomen
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Steal fenomenSteal fenomen
Redirection of the blood flow in the Redirection of the blood flow in the colateral artery.colateral artery.
e.g. subclavian steal
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„„practice makes perfect“practice makes perfect“
Segmental pressureSegmental pressure TOSTOS Steal fenomenSteal fenomen Blood flow in the veinsBlood flow in the veins
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