![Page 1: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The effects of substrate types on species diversity
Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg
![Page 2: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline ● Background● Hypothesis● Methods● Results● Discussion● Conclusion
![Page 3: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Study Site
![Page 4: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Physical and Biological Stress
● Wave exposure
● * Tidal height *
● Competition
● Predation
![Page 5: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Substrate Cover
Substrate Type Proportion on large islands and mainland of Quoddy Region (%)
Bedrock 35.2
Coarse Sediment 55.1
Mud 9.2
Salt Marsh 0.5
![Page 6: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Substrate Impact - Sand
● Sand/Mud: o Heavily modified by tides, wind, storm surges
o Less vegetation
o Low-medium diversity
o Burrowing organisms
![Page 7: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Substrate Impact - Cobbles
● Cobbles:o Colliding rock and debris from wave action
o Diversity dependent on local features & positioning
o Low species diversity
![Page 8: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Substrate Impact - Rock
● Bedrock: o Development of tide pools and crevices
o Promote high diversity
o Mediate thermal stress
![Page 9: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hypothesis
● Difference in diversity between all 3 substrate types
● Highest diversity on rocky substrate
H0 :There is no difference in diversity between all 3 substrate types
![Page 10: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Materials
• 100m measuring tape• 1m square quadrat• Ziploc bags for species collection• Camera
![Page 11: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Methods• 2 transects were set up at separate locations based on differences in:
• Vegetation cover• Wave action• Substrate size
• Ten quadrats were placed along each transect.
![Page 12: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Methods Cont’d
• Each organism found was collected, while
taking note if the specimen found was
present on the surface of the substrate or
underneath the flora cover.
• G. oceanicus and B. balanus were
unable to be collected due to difficulties
in handling their large numbers.
![Page 13: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Different Substrate Types
● Large Rocks ● Cobbles ● Sand
![Page 14: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Analysis● Species richness● Species diversity
o Shannon-Wiener Indexo Simpson`s Index
● Cochran`s Q Testo Nominal data
*Scuds and barnacles removed from the analysis
![Page 15: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Results
![Page 16: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Continued Results
Table 1: Species diversity for different substrate
Boulders Cobbles Sand
Species Richness 8 2 1
Shannon-Weiner Index 0.657 0.276 0
Simpson`s Index 3.5 1.8 1
![Page 17: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Statistics
● Cochran`s Q Testo X2 = 0.503
o X2crit(.05, 8) = 14.067, and p < .05
o Reject the null hypothesis
A difference in diversity between substrate
![Page 18: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Accepting our Hypotheses
Results supported our hypotheses:• Diversity on the three substrates differed and that with
the highest species diversity was indeed found on the
large rock substrate (aka boulders)
![Page 19: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Implications with past Literature
High Diversity within Large Rocks
Bertness (2006)• Muscle bed protection from physical factors
• Diversity: crabs, limpets
Seed (1996)• Species evenness allows few abundant species• Leads to increased diversity
Peterson (1991)• Availability of rock space controls diversity levels and not prey availability
• Our experiment suggests:• Prey availability competition leads to lower levels of diversity than competition for
space
![Page 20: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Implications with past Literature
Low Diversity within Sand/Rock
Donovan and Tyrell (2005)• Ease in modification of this substrate from high winds, waves and storms lower diversity in this
substrate• Species that live in this substrate tend to be burrowing species.
• Burrow for protection
![Page 21: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Limitations
• One sampling site: Physical factors skew data
• Equipment: Inability to count all species in Quadrats
• Tide Movement: Inconsistent tide levels in the two sampling sites.
![Page 22: The effects of substrate types on species diversity Michelle Johnson, Amanda Jeanson, Marshall Elsemore, & Aneri Garg](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649ea05503460f94ba3f9f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Conclusion• This experiment looked to:
• show a difference in diversity based on the type of substrate sampled.• Our results showed:
• A difference in diversity between the three substrates investigated in this experiment.
• Increased diversity on large rock substrates (boulders). • **The results supported work found in past literature and supported
diversity theories mentioned. • This Experiment Demonstrated:
• Substrate type seems to have an effect on species diversity (although many other factors also play a role).