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The Emerging Role of Teachers: Significance of Media Resources
Ferdinand B. Pitagan, PhDProfessor of Education
University of the PhilippinesCollege of EducationEducational Technology DepartmentEDTECH 101
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Review: ET is…..
1) ???1) ???DevelopmentDevelopment
UtilizationUtilization
2) ???2) ???
EvaluationEvaluation
Theory &Practice
3) of ??? and ???
4) for ???
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Educational Technology is:
DesignDesignDevelopmentDevelopment
UtilizationUtilization
ManagementManagement
EvaluationEvaluation
Theory &Practice
3) of processes and resources
4) for learning
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Then, how can we promote learning?
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1) Media (Hardware &
Software)Instr
uctio
nal Desig
nThen, how can we promote learning?
3) Understanding learners (le
arning
psychology)
Human touch
Good contents
Well organized class2) I
nstru
ctional M
ethods
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Media
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Examples of Media?
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Feedback
Schramm’s model – Field of Experience/ Feedback
Teacher Learner
Media
A channel of communication
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Implications
Schramm’s model
• Understand communication in instruction
• Understand learner’s current field of experience
• Then choose appropriate media continuum
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-Verbal Symbols
-Visual Symbols
-Radio/Recordings/ Still
Pictures
-Motion Picture
-Exhibits
-Field Trips
-Demonstrations
-Dramatic Participation
-Contrived Experiences
-Direct Purposeful Experience
Edgar Dale
Amount of Info.?
Time?
Abstract
Concrete
Iconic
Enactive
Symbolic
Jerome Bruner
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Implications
Lower levels of the cone - student as participant; -more time; less information-active learning
Higher levels of the cone-faster, more information;-need more support
Visuals; Actions - help recall and association
Dale’s cone
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Role of Media 1) In Teacher-led instruction
- Media as supplemental support
2) In Teacher-independent instruction- ??
3) In Thematic Education- watch video clip (Super Eyes)
4) In Distance education- an example: http://subsite.icu.ac.jp/org/jcai/
5) In Education for Exceptional Students- Next slide
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Talking calculator, Talking organizer
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Instructional Methods
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Instructional Methods
-- the procedures of instruction
?
?
?? ?Kinds of instructional methods???
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PresentationDemonstration
DiscussionDrill and Practice
TutorialCooperative learning groups
GamingSimulationDiscovery
Problem Solving
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Student- Directed Methods
• Discussion• Cooperative Learning• Gaming• Simulation• Discovery• Problem Solving
Teacher- Directed Methods
• Presentation
• Demonstration
• Drill-and-Practice
• Tutorial
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Before deciding methods…
Need to know types of learning
• Concepts are concerned with grouping things into categories. What?• Procedures are concerned with how to do something. How? • Principles are concerned with predictions and explanations. Why?
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Presentation (Lecture)
Teacher
Students
Media Selection?
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Presentation (Lecture)
Black/whiteboardVideo tape; DVDAudio cassette OHPSlideFilmPrintsVideo conferencingComputerInternet, mobile technologyOthers
Black/whiteboardVideo tape; DVDAudio cassette OHPSlideFilmPrintsVideo conferencingComputerInternet, mobile technologyOthers
objectives objectives
learners learners
resourcesresources
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Discussion
Teacher Students
Students Students
Media Selection?
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Demonstration
Media Selection?
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Simulation
small scale real-life situation
Example: http://www.ecornell.com/about/tours/#
Media Selection?
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Emerging Roles of Teachers
Content ExpertInstructional DesignerSelection of Appropriate MediaFacilitatorAssessorCo-LearnerOthers
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NEXT MEETING
Interrelationships of learning objectives, instructional methods and resources