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THE ENGLISH RENAISSANCE
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LIFESTYLE AND OCCUPATIONS
Of the English Renaissance
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Village Life
Village life changed with the seasons Family’s were close and skills were often passed
from father to son Rural England had its
own social hierarchy: Monarch, lord,
Gentury, yeoman, tenants, skilled laborers, and landless unskilled laborers
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Family Life
Close-knit families Life determined by whether family was wealthy or not Women were dominated by men; men mad all
decisions and supported family Children raised to respect parents and elders
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Hygiene and Diseases
Very unhygienic No running water or indoor toilets Fleas, rats, and lice flourished Diseases common for both wealthy
and poor No knowledge available to treat
or prevent disease
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Occupations
Many occupations live on in current surnames
Work available to be done was abundant
Some common occupations: Blacksmiths, carpenters,
candle makers, fullers, and herbalists
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INVENTIONS
Of the English Renaissance
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Clocks
First mechanical clock invented in early 1300’s
Time began to be measured in hours with this clock
1600’s- toothed wheel and the screw was first used for the clocks
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Eyeglasses or Spectacles
1287- first appeared that people wore or held spectacles in paintings
Invented in Italy 1352- the well-educated or rich noblemen only
wore them Owning of books- reading glasses became
popular to common people Made out of wood, lead, copper, bone, and
leather
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Flush Toilet
1596- Sir John Harrington invented first flush toilet One for himself and for his godmother, Queen
Elizabeth Reinvented by Alexander Cummings 200 yrs.
later Invented the strap (sliding valve between bowl
and trap) Joseph Bramah invented valve in bowl that
worked on a hinge
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Wallpaper
1496- first paper mill in England English artists created some with
designs/print Before invented, only wealthy could afford
it Used woven tapestries to keep castle walls
warmer (designs told stories) Lower class used painted cloth for home walls
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Printing Press
Invented in 1436 by Johannes Gutenberg (goldsmith)
Before invention – monks handwrote everything
Gutenberg combined ink, movable typer, paper, and the press to create the printing press
Used it to put ink on many individual letters which were arranged in words to paragraphs
The bible was first book to be used during mass
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AUTHORS
Of the English Renaissance
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William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 in Stratford.
Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway on November 28, 1582. He was 18 and she was 26 and pregnant.
Shakespeare wrote 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and 2 epic narrative poems.
Shakespeare died allegedly on his birthday April 23, 1616.
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Christopher Marlowe
Christopher Marlowe was born in February 25, 1564
Was one of Shakespeare’s rivals There is some evidence that Marlowe’s death
was faked, and there was a warrant issued for his arrest a week earlier.
On May 30, 1593 Christopher Marlowe died from a stab wound in a possible government safe house in Deptford.
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Ben Johnson
Ben Johnson was born around June 11, 1572.
He was educated at Westminster High School by the great classical scholar, William Camden.
He married Anne Lewis on November 14, 1594.
Was one of William Shakespeare’s rivals. Johnson had a severe stroke in 1628. Ben Johnson died on August 6, 1637.
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Thomas Kyd
Thomas Kyd was born in London in 1558.
Kyd got arrested in 1593 on suspicion of posting libels (false publications) on foreigners.
Kyd was released on his testimony that the papers had been left among his effects of Christopher Marlowe in 1591.
Kyd was roommates with Christopher Marlowe
Thomas Kyd died in 1594.
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Sir Francis Bacon
Sir Francis Bacon was born at York House on January 22, 1561.
Went to Trinity College in Cambridge at the age of 13.
Bacon wrote 59 great pieces of work. Bacon died on April 9, 1626 from
bronchitis.
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ARTISTS
Of the English Renaissance
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Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15th 1452
When he was 15 his father apprenticed him to the renowned workshop of Andrea del Verrochio in Florence
He stayed there from 1470 to 1475 One of Leonardo’s first big breaks was to paint an
angel in Verrochio’s “Baptism of Christ” Mona Lisa (1503) and “The Last
Supper” (1495) were two of his greatest works
Leonardo died in May 2, 1519
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Michelangelo
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni was his full name
Michelangelo was born on March 6th 1475 in Caprese, Tuscany, Italy
He was a sculptor, a painter, and an architect
Michelangelo was a Christian, and the church was his greatest patron
He designed the dome of St. Peter’s church in Rome He died on February 18th, 1564
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Donatello
Donatello was born in Florence, Italy in 1383
His earliest work was a marble statue of David
The full power of Donatello’s work first appeared in two marble statues: St. Mark and St. George
He was a master of sculpture in both marble and bronze
He died in the late 1400’s