Download - The First World War
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The First World WarMcIntyre
Boys and Girls! War Savings Stamps Poster by James Montgomery Flagg 1917-18
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The First World War:
• War involving nearly all the nations of the world
• 1914-1918
What?
When?
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1st World War in history•Great War or War to End
all War•Not called WWI until
after WWII•Total war
•Involved 60 nations and 6 continents
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The First World War:Why?
Long term - 1. Alliance system-
European nations began forming military alliances with one another to maintain a balance of power ……..
2. Imperialism – competition for colonies3. Militarism -
stockpiling of weapons
4. Nationalism- to act in the country’s own national interest.
Short term - Assassination of Franz Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his Wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg one hour before their deaths, June 28, 1914
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The First World War:Who?
GermanyAustria-HungaryOttoman EmpireBulgaria
Russia (leaves 1917)FranceGreat BritainItalyJapanUnited States (1917)
Central Powers: Allies:
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The First World War:Where?
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•Panama Canal was completed in August of 1914 just a week before
WWI began in Europe.•Woodrow Wilson became President
in 1912.•Americans were shocked by the
outbreak of war but…………..it was in Europe.
•US was officially NEUTRAL
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Why did it take so long for America to get involved in the war?• America was isolationist • “Why should I get involved in
someone else’s problems”
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American Opinions3 groups
Isolationists- Stay out of war
Interventionists- U.S. should intervene on side of Allies
Internationalists- Get involved only to solve the problem and promote peace.
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Which side should the US pick?
• 11 million German-Americans
• Irish-Americans hated Great Britain
• Close cultural ties • Shared
transatlantic cables (so censored stories)
• Big business loaned much $ to allies
Central Powers: Allies:
Nations 1914 1915 1916 Britain $594,271,863 $911,794,954 $1,526,685,102 France $159,818,924 $364,397,170 $628,851,988 Germany $344,794,276 $28,863,354 $288,899
US Exports to both sides:
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What did it take to get the US involved?
1. Blockades
• Britain blockaded (stopped) all German ships going to America
• Germany announced a submarine war around Britain
Y-53 German Submarine 1916
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What did it take to get the US involved?
1. Blockades • In May, 1915 Germany told
Americans to stay off of British ships
• They could/would sink them
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What did it take to get the US involved?
1. Blockades
• Lusitania torpedoed, sinking with 1200 passengers and crew (including 128 Americans)
• Was eventually found to be carrying 4200 cases of ammunitionGerman Propaganda Justifying Lusitania
sinking
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What did it take to get the US involved?
1. Blockades
• The US sharply criticized Germany for their action
• Germany agreed not to sink passenger ships without warning in the futureNote in Bottle After Lusitania Disaster
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What did it take to get the US involved?
2. Unlimited Submarine Warfare
• 1917 Germany announced “unlimited submarine warfare” in the war zone
Why? Otherwise their blockade would not be successful
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What did it take to get the US involved?
3. Zimmerman Note • US intercepted a note from Germany to
Mexico, • It promised Texas, New Mexico, and
Arizona back in return for an alliance
• Wanted Mexico to attack U. S. to keep us busy and out of the war.
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What did it take to get the US involved?
• Zimmerman Note + the sinking of 4 unarmed American ships led to a declaration of war
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Convincing the American PeoplePosters - Gee!!
• Propaganda like this poster helped to convince the American people that the war was a good idea?
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What did the US do to help?
• US provided the food, money, and fresh toops needed to win the war
American Troops March Through London
Supplies:
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Convincing the American PeopleIdealism: Fourteen Points
What? President Wilson’s Plan for after the war • Fourteen
promises, including freedom of the seas & a League of Nations to work for peace
President Woodrow Wilson
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How did the War Affect the US?Women
• Women filled factory jobs
• May have led 19th Ammendment after the war (Gave women the right to vote)
• Black soldiers still served in Segregated Units
African Americans
• “Great Migration” - thousands of African Americans moved North to work in factories
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How did the War Affect the US?Enforcing Loyalty
• Hatred of all things GermanEx. “Liberty Cabbage” What "patriotic"
Americans called sauerkraut during the World War I years during the height of anti-German hysteria here in the United States.
Sauerkraut was renamed liberty cabbage to remove the German connotation,
• Espionage Act 1917 Espionage Act essentially made it a crime for any person to convey information intended to interfere with the U.S. armed forces prosecution of the war effort or to promote the success of the country's enemies. -
• Sedition Act of 1918 punished those against the war (many labor leaders)
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Cost of War•$400 billion
•$10 million dollars an hour16 million deaths
•First war of the Industrial Revolution……
New Weapons vs old tactics of fighting
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