![Page 1: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Flash DSC 1A Novel Rapid Scanning Calorimeter
Hay BerdenMettler-Toledo B.V.
Tiel.
Version 1.0. July, 2010Author: J. SchaweReview: A. Hammer
![Page 2: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1
Contents
§ Who is Mettler-Toledo
§ The DSC Technique- Conventional DSC Curve of PET
§ Reorganization During the Measurement
§ The Flash DSC 1- The Chip Sensor
§ DSC of Metastable Materials
§ Flash DSC Basics- Typical Experiment- Variation of Heating Rates- Variation of Cooling Rates- Isothermal Experiment
§ Application Areas of the Flash DSC 1
§ Applications
§ Summary
![Page 3: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
222
Our Group
METTLER TOLEDO is a global manufacturer and marketer of precision instruments for use in the laboratories, manufacturing, and food retailing.
<Worldwide presence<10’000 employees<Sales approx.
mSD 1.800
![Page 4: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
33
Group Sales
in mUSD
1595
1482
936 10
96 1148 12
14 1304 14
04
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1065
1794 19
7317
29
![Page 5: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
44
1595
1482
936 10
96 1148 12
14 1304 14
04
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1065
878
1794 19
73
Sales per Region
in mUSD
Americas 35%
Europe41%
Asia / RoW24%
![Page 6: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
555
Strongest Brand
![Page 7: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
666
Global Manufacturing, Sales & ServiceInnovation Centers MT Partners
MT Sales & Service Organizations
Global manufacturing strategy with focused innovation centersApprox. 5’400 employees in sales & service in 35 countries
![Page 8: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
777
Customer Processes
Solutions to support customer processes
<Accelerate processes
<Improve product quality<Increase efficiency
<Comply with regulations
Customer Benefits
Laboratory SolutionsIndustrial SolutionsRetail Solutions
R&D DrugDiscovery
QualityControl
RetailLogistics
PackagingManufacturing
![Page 9: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
888
Analytical Chemistry
Thermal Analysis
Automated Chemistry Solutions
Laboratory Weighing Solutions
§ Improving processes in R&D, drug discovery and quality control§ Application-specific software§ Interface with your information systems§ Enhanced accuracy, productivity and compliance
Laboratory Balances
Pipettes
Advancing Research and Quality Control
LaboratorySolutions
![Page 10: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
999
LogisticsReceiving
Improving Productivity
IndustrialSolutions
§ Optimizing your operations from receiving to shipping§ Improved product quality§ Accelerated and automated processes & ERP integration § Increased efficiency§ Regulatory compliance
Process Analytics
IndustrialWeighing
End-of-Line Product Inspection
![Page 11: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
101010
Optimizing Fresh Foods Management
RetailSolutions
Counter Self-Service CheckoutCentral Pack Receiving Prepack
§ Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising § Maximize your efficiency and profitability§ Enhance the satisfaction of your customers§ Integrated in existing IT infrastructures
![Page 12: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
111111
830 R&D professionals work daily on maintaining our technology lead
Innovation Competencies
Man / MachineInterface
Automation& Robotics
Technology Integration
CustomerApplications
In Process Technology
![Page 13: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
121212
Maintenance and Support
Calibration
RegulatoryCompliance
Vali-dation
Maintenance and Support
Calibration
Qualification
Vali-dation
Support
Service Solutions
Improved service tools enhance customer processes
Service XXL Customer Benefits
Validation methods and protocols ensure process reproducibility, user monitoring and safe data management.
Documented equipment qualification ensures compliance with quality assurance systems such as GLP, GMP and ISO.
Calibration processes ensure accurate, reliable and traceable results.
Proactive maintenance maximizes uptime and productivity. User training ensures equipment knowledge which leads to safer working processes.
![Page 14: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
131313
The Success Story of Thermal Analysis
Dr Erhard Mettler
In 1945, a Swiss engineer named Dr Erhard Mettler started a
precision mechanics company near Zurich, Switzerland.
The «Mettler balance» became a synonym for the lab balance.
Dr Hans-Georg Wiedemann
In the early 1960s, Dr Wiedemann convinced Dr Mettler to combine the
advanced weighing technology with a furnace. This lead to the
introduction of the TA1.
The analytical balance from 1945
The TA1 from 1964The first TGA/DTA
![Page 15: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
141414
The Success Story of Thermal Analysis
Modular concept (1960s)
Multi-pile TGA-DSC
sensor (1970s)
Microprocessor-controlled system
(1980s) Automation (1990s)
DMA with high frequencies
(2002)
MultiSTAR®
DSC sensors (2004)TOPEM®
TMDSC (2005)
Innovation since 1945
Thermal Analysis Excellence (2007)
Substitution balance (1940s)
Flash DSC 1 (2010)
![Page 16: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
151515
Thermal Analysis Excellence
Innovative Technology
Versatile Modularity
Swiss Quality
![Page 17: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
161616
Overview on Thermal Analysis: Video
The Futureof Thermal Analysis
§ Innovative Technology§ Versatile Modularity§ Swiss Quality
Click to watch the video
![Page 18: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
17
The DSC Technique
Conventional DSC Measuring Principle
ReferenceSample
Heat flow
Typical experimental conditions:
Sample weight: 1 … 20 mgHeating rate: 0.1 … 100 K/minMeasured property: Heat flow
![Page 19: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
181818
Innovative Technology
Flash DSC 1:A Quantum Leap in InnovationOpens up New Frontiers
} Heart of the Flash DSC 1 is the chip sensor based on MEMS technologyMEMS: Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
![Page 20: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
19
The DSC Technique: DSC Curve of PET
![Page 21: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
20
Reorganization During the Measurement
![Page 22: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
21
The Flash DSC 1
§ Heating rates up to 2 400 000 K/min§ Cooling rates up to 240 000 K/min§ Overlap with conventional DSC§ Simple sample preparation§ Measures from -95 °C … 450 °C
The DSC 1 and the Flash DSC 1 together cover a scanning rate range of more than 7 decades.
![Page 23: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
22
The Flash DSC 1
Easy sample preparation and sensor change thanks to the ergonomic design.
![Page 24: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
23
The Flash DSC 1: The Chip Sensor
The MultiSTAR UFS 1 chip sensor is a DSC sensor based onMEMS technology (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems).
The sensor consists of two identical silicon-nitride/oxide membranes,1.6 mm × 1.6 mm, 2 μm thick, mounted in a silicon frame, 300 μm thick.
Ceramic plate
Silicon frame
Bonding wire
Thermocouple Resistance heater
Aluminum plate
![Page 25: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
24
The Flash DSC 1: The Chip Sensor
The sample area is 0.5 mm in diameter and coated with aluminum to achieve a homogeneous temperature distribution.
Eight thermocouples measure the temperature on each side.
1
![Page 26: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
25
Metastable Materials
§ Polymers § Polymorphic substances§ Many blends and alloys § Many composites
The structure of such materials depends on the cooling conditions used when they were prepared or produced.
On heating, reorganization can occur. This is the reason why the conventional DSC curve does not always correspond to the structure of the original sample.
![Page 27: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
26
Flash DSC Basics: A Typical Experiment
Melting of the sample optimizes thermal contact.
Different cooling rates allow defined sample structures to be formed.
High heating rates suppress the reorganization of the sample. It can therefore be measured “as received”.
Sample preparation
Formation of sample structure Analysis
![Page 28: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
27
Flash DSC Basics: Variation of Heating Rate
Examples of reorganization processes:§ Separation or elimination of phases § Melting of unstable crystallites with formation of more stable crystals § Transitions of polymorphic phases
Reorganization is often determined by kinetic processes and is therefore time dependent.
The possible influence of reorganization on the heating curve can be detected by varying the heating rate of the Flash DSC 1 over a wide range.
![Page 29: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
28
Flash DSC Basics: Variation of Cooling Rate
§ The formation of structure can be investigated by performing measurements at different cooling rates.
§ In particular, technical processes carried out at high cooling rates can be simulated in the Flash DSC 1.
§ Information is obtained about the effect of additives such as nucleating agents under near-process conditions.
Spritzgussform für LEGO® SteineQuelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lego
Source: LEGO Systems, Inc.www.lego.com
Injection molding equipment
![Page 30: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
29
Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment
The high cooling rates and accurate temperature control often allow materials to be cooled from the melt to the crystallization temperature without undesired formation of structure.
Isothermal measurements provide detailed and direct information on the kinetics of fast transitions and reactions that take place in a few seconds.
![Page 31: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
30
Application areas of the Flash DSC 1
Determination of technical data for simulation calculations
Analysis of very small amounts of sample
Comprehensive thermal analysis of materials in a very short time
Investigation of the mechanism of action of additives under near-production conditions
Determination of the reaction kinetics of fast reactions
Direct measurement of fast crystallization processes
Detailed analysis of structure formation processes in materials.
![Page 32: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
31
Flash DSC Applications 1 Calibration substances
![Page 33: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
32
Flash DSC Applications 2 Melting of PET
![Page 34: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
33
Flash DSC Applications 2 Melting of PET
![Page 35: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
34
Flash DSC Applications 3 Reorganization of iPP
![Page 36: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
35
Flash DSC Applications 4 Isothermal crystallization
![Page 37: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
36
Flash DSC Applications 4 Isothermal crystallization
![Page 38: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
37
Flash DSC Applications 5 Nanofiller in PA 11
![Page 39: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
38
Flash DSC Applications 6 Melting and decomposition
Kurve mit 10 K/min löschen
![Page 40: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
39
Flash DSC Applications 7 Polymorphism
![Page 41: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
40
Summary
The Flash DSC 1 is the ideal complement to conventional DSC for the characterization of modern materials and optimization of production processes.
§ Fast and variable measurements save time in the analysis and development of materials.
§ The quality of products can be improved through knowledge of structure formation under actual process cooling conditions.
§ This data can be used to optimize processing conditions, molds, and tools.
![Page 42: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
41
Features and Benefits of the Flash DSC 1§ Ultra-high cooling rates – allow materials with defined structural
properties to be prepared
§ Ultra-high heating rates – reduce measurement times and suppress reorganization processes
§ Fast-response sensor – enables the kinetics of extremely fast reactions or crystallization processes to be studied
§ High sensitivity – low heating rates can also be used; scan rates overlap with those of conventional DSC
§ Wide temperature range – measurements can be performed in the range -95 to 450 °C
§ User-friendly ergonomics and functionality – sample preparation is quick and easy
Summary
![Page 43: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
42
For More Information
§ News www.mt.com/ta-news§ Handbooks www.mt.com/ta-handbooks§ Webinars www.mt.com/ta-webinars§ Thermal analysis in general www.mt.com/ta
![Page 44: The Flash DSC 1 - VKRT · §Effectively manage your fresh foods inventory and merchandising ... Flash DSC Basics: Isothermal Experiment The high cooling rates and accurate temperature](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022514/5af7b47c7f8b9a7444911c58/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Thank You