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The General Circulation
Anthes 5: 97-106
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Global Pressure and Precipitation Zones
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Jet Streams
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Regional and Local Circulations
Anthes, Chapter 5, pp. 105-07 and 132-35
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World’s Deserts and Dust Trajectories
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Indian Summer Monsoon (wet)
Thermal low over Nepal.
Winds from sea.
Land slopes up.
Very wet.
425 in. of rain.
Latent heat release intensifies the circulation.
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Indian Winter Monsoon (dry)
Cold, shallow High over Nepal.
Winds from land.
Air subsides from the highlands.
Climate fair and dry.
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Pacific High (cold) vs. Bermuda High (warm)
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Florida sea breeze convergence
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Hawaii sea breezes from space
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Lake Effect
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Rain, Freezing Rain, Sleet, Snow
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Air Masses and Fronts
Anthes, Chapter 5, pp. 107-113.
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Air Masses
HOT COLD
WET mT mP
DRY cT cP
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Air Mass Source Regions
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Classic Norwegian Cyclone Model
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Life Cycle of a Cyclone
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Cold Fronts and Warm FrontsA Front is a transition zone between two air masses.
Stationary front -- no movement
Cold front
1. Sharp temperature change over short distance
2. Marked changes in the moisture (dew point)
3. Wind shift
4. Pressure change
5. Showery (convective) precipitation, then clearing
Warm front
1. Slower and more gradual transition than cold front
2. Lowering clouds (stratus) and steady precipitation
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Cold Front (top), Warm Front (bottom)
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Occluded Front
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Upper Air Support: The Big Picture