THE GREAT DEPRESSIONFRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
BACKGROUND
YOUTH AND PERSONAL LIFE:
BORN INTO WEALTHY NEW YORK FAMILY
SPOILED; ONLY CHILD, “DOTED ON”
HARVARD EDUCATED – HISTORY AND LAW (ATHLETE)
MARRIED ELEANOR ROOSEVELT (INFLUENTIAL 1ST LADY); 6 KIDS
1921 – AGE 39 – STRICKEN WITH POLIO (CHANGED HIS LIFE)
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
LONG POLITICAL CAREER
1910 – NY SENATE; 1912 – ASST. SECR. OF U.S. NAVY
1920 – VICE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE – LOST TO HARDING/COOLIDGE
1928-1932 – SERVED AS GOVERNOR OF NY
1932 – DEFEATS HERBERT HOOVER FOR PRESIDENCY
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
PRESIDENCY
CHARACTER: ENERGETIC, COMPASSIONATE, CONFIDENT, FEARED NO ONE
BROKE TRADITIONS:
CREATED A “BRAIN TRUST” OF EXPERTS TO ADVISE HIM (BEYOND HIS CABINET)
APPOINTED 1ST WOMAN TO HIS CABINET: FRANCES PERKINS
CALLED CONGRESS INTO EMERGENCY SPECIAL SESSION
ORDERED A NATIONAL BANK HOLIDAY (GOAL: TO INSPECT THE BANKS)
ELECTED PRESIDENT 4 TIMES
USED MEDIA TO FULLEST – “FIRESIDE CHATS”
KNOWING WHAT YOU KNOW ABOUT FDR’S CHARCTER, WHAT IS YOUR OPINION ABOUT HIM?
HOW WOULD YOU COMPARE HIM TO OUR PRESIDENT TODAY? DO
DO YOU THINK HE WAS A GOOD PRESIDENT? WHY OR WHY NOT?
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
PERSONAL ATTITUDE TOWARD DEPRESSION AND THE ROLE OF
GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS A RESPONSIBILITY TO HELP – DIRECTLY IF NEED BE
IGNORED TRADITIONAL CONSERVATIVE APPROACH OF:
MAINTAINING A BALANCED BUDGET
CUTTING TAXES AND WAITING FOR RECOVERY
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
ADOPTS THEORY OF ECONOMIST JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES WHO
SUGGESTED:
INCREASING GOVERNMENT SPENDING; DEFICIT SPEND IF NECESSARY
CUTTING TAXES
CREATING GOVERNMENT JOB PROGRAMS
IF WORKERS HAVE $, THEY WILL SPEND IT, PRIMING THE ECONOMIC
PUMP
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
• AFTER WATCHING THE VIDEO (CLICK ON THE SLIDE SHOW BUTTON LOCATED ON THE MENU BAR BELOW TO WATCH THE VIDEO) ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
• WHAT’S FDR'S PHILOSOPHY TOWARD & ATTEMPTS AT SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION?
• HOW DID THE FIRST LADY, ELEANOR ROOSEVELT, INFLUENCED FDR’S DECISIONS AND ISSUES? WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT FDR’S WORK IN THE WHITE HOUSE AS PRESIDENT IN RELATION TO THE FIRST LADY’S ROLE?
THE NEW DEAL
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL ACTION AND POLICIES: NEW DEAL PROGRAM (3 PART PUBLIC ASSISTANCE)
RELIEF ($, FOOD, SHELTER; TEMPORARY CHARITY)
EX. CCC, FERA, WPA
RECOVERY (PROGRAMS AIMED AT INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL RECOVERY, JOBS)
EX. AAA, NRIA, PWA
REFORM (LASTING CHANGES; BUILT IN SAFEGUARDS)
EX. FDIC, NLRB, SEC, SOCIAL SECURITY
DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A RELIEF, RECOVERY, AND REFORM PROGRAM IN FDR'S NEW DEAL AND PROVIDE
ONE
EXAMPLE OF EACH INCLUDING WHAT THE PROGRAM PROVIDED.
1933 – 21ST AMENDMENT – REPEALED PROHIBITION
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
FDR’S CRITICS
SOME SAID HE WAS TOO LIBERAL
CONSERVATIVES CALLED HIM A RADICAL SOCIALIST
GAVE GOVERNMENT TOO MUCH CONTROL OF THE ECONOMY (TVA, JOBS, ETC)
CHARLES COUGHLIN
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
CHARLES COUGHLIN “RADIO PRIEST”
SUPPORTED FDR AT FIRST AND THEN GREW IMPATIENT WITH NEW DEAL
OFFERED AN ANNUAL LIVING WAGE; WANTED BANKS NATIONALIZED
BLAMED THE JEWS – BAD!
DR. FRANCIS TOWNSEND
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
DR. FRANCIS TOWNSEND – FOCUSED ON PROGRAM FOR THE ELDERLY
PLAN WOULD GIVE PEOPLE 60 AND OLDER $200 A MONTH; COULD NOT
SAVE
IDEAS LED TO SOCIAL SECURITY
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
SUPREME COURT SAID HE ABUSED POWER
DECLARED MANY “RECOVERY” PROGRAMS UNCONSTITUTIONAL
CONSERVATIVE GROUP (1930-36); FDR CALLED THEM “THE 9 OLD MEN”
COURT PACKING AFFAIR – FDR’S ATTEMPT TO LIBERALIZE THE COURT
(1937)
FDR LOSES THE BATTLE, BUT WINS THE WAR – RETIREMENTS OCCUR
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT’S SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS (AUDIO AND TEXT), JANUARY 20, 1937.
• BASED ON FDR’S ADDRESS, WHAT DO YOU
THINK THE AMERICAN PEOPLE NEEDED TO HEAR
FROM THE ELECTED PRESIDENT DURING THE
ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE COUNTRY?
• HOW DOES HIS ADDRESS REMIND US OF WHAT THE NEW DEAL WAS ALL ABOUT?
• WHAT IS HIS SPEECH RELATION TO THE GREAT DEPRESSION?
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
• BASED ON THE GRAPHIC,
• DO YOU THINK FDR’S NEW DEAL HELPED TO REDUCE THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE?
• WHAT HAPPENED DURING THE SECOND NEW DEAL?
• IF WARS IN GENERAL ARE VIEWED AS SOMETHING BAD, WHY AND HOW DID IT HELP THE ECONOMY?
• BASED ON THE GRAPHIC, HOW WOULD YOU DESCRIBE THE NEW DEAL’S PERFORMANCE DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION?
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
FDR’S LONG-TERM IMPACT
DEFICIT SPENDING BECAME NORMAL PROCEDURE AT FEDERAL LEVEL (DEBT TODAY?)
GOVERNMENT’S ROLE IN REGULATING THE ECONOMY REMAINS STRONG
REFORM PROGRAMS STILL EXIST (EX. FDIC, SEC, SOCIAL SECURITY)
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT REMAINS A BIG AND GROWING EMPLOYER
22ND AMENDMENT (1951) – 2 TERM LIMIT FOR PRESIDENCY
DEMOCRATIC PARTY MEMBERSHIP INCREASED
WHAT’S THE LONG TERM IMPACT OF THE NEW DEAL? DO YOU THINK IT HELPED THE NATION? WHY OR
WHY NOT; AND HOW?
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
WORLD SOLUTIONS TO THE DEPRESSION
DICTATORS OFFERED PROSPERITY IN EXCHANGE FOR POWER:
GERMANY: HITLER – NAZISM
ITALY: MUSSOLINI – FASCISM
SOVIET UNION: STALIN – COMMUNISM
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
THE STAGE IS SET FOR WORLD WAR II