Transcript
Page 1: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Speaker’s Slidesand Message Points

* Material Current as of June 16, 2005

Page 2: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Obesity is Still a Top Public Health Problem in America

• Obesity can be deadly• Obesity rates are soaring in America• Obesity is related to many chronic health

problems• Obesity increases the risks of problems

in pregnancy and childbirth• Overweight has important health

consequences in children• The costs associated with obesity are

high and growing

Page 3: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Obesity Can Be Deadly

• Newest estimate from CDC: 112,000 deaths each year

• ¾ of deaths occur in people younger than 70 years

Page 4: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

The Science of Estimating Obesity-Related Deathsis Complex and Evolving• Scientists keep working to describe

full health effects of obesity• Role of obesity in death is complex• Obesity is not reported reliably on

death certificates• Scientists must use complex

modeling techniques to estimate obesity-related deaths

Page 5: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Estimates of Obesity-Related Deaths Have Changed Because of Newer Data, Different Methods

• Earlier CDC estimates were based on older data– Reflected health risks of 1970s– Led to estimate of 365,000 deaths

• New estimates used newer data, different methods – May better reflect current health status of U.S.

population– May reflect lower death rates for obesity-related

diseases like heart disease– Methods accounted for decrease in obesity-related

deaths among older adults

Page 6: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Risk Factors for Heart Disease Have Fallen Dramatically Over Past 40 Years (U.S. Adults 20 – 74):

HIGH TOTAL CHOLESTEROL

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

NHES 1960-1962

NHANES I1971-1975

NHANES II1976-1980

NHANES III1988-1994

NHANES 1999-2000

<25

25.0-29.9

>=30

Overall

Hig

h to

tal c

hol

este

rol l

evel

(>

=24

0 m

g/dL

)

2005 American Medical Association JAMA, April 20, 2005-Vol293, No. 15

Risk Factors by BMI Group

Page 7: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Risk Factors for Heart Disease Have Fallen Dramatically Over Past 40 Years (U.S. Adults 20 – 74):

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

NHES 1960-1962

NHANES I1971-1975

NHANES II1976-1980

NHANES III1988-1994

NHANES 1999-2000

<25

25.0-29.9

>=30

Overall

Hig

h bl

ood

pre

ssur

e (s

ysto

lic

>=

140

mm

Hg

or d

iast

olic

>=

90 m

m H

g

2005 American Medical Association JAMA, April 20, 2005-Vol293, No. 15

Risk Factors by BMI Group

Page 8: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Risk Factors for Heart Disease Have Fallen Dramatically Over Past 40 Years (U.S. Adults 20 – 74):

SMOKING

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

NHES 1960-1962

NHANES I1971-1975

NHANES II1976-1980

NHANES III1988-1994

NHANES 1999-2000

<25

25.0-29.9

>=30

Overall

Smok

ing

2005 American Medical Association JAMA, April 20, 2005-Vol293, No. 15

Risk Factors by BMI Group

Page 9: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Obesity Rates are Soaring in America

• Adult obesity has doubled since 1980• Since 1990 rates have jumped in every state in

Nation1990 2003

Page 10: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Obesity Is Related to Many Chronic Health Problems

• Type 2 diabetes

• Hypertension

• Heart disease

• Stroke

• Breast cancer

• Colon cancer

• Arthritis

• Gallbladder disease

• Physical disability

• Sleep disturbances

• Breathing problems

Page 11: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Obesity Increases Risks of Problems in Pregnancy and Childbirth

• Infant death• Infant birth defects• Delivery by cesarean section• Slow or difficult labor or delivery• Diabetes and high blood pressure in

pregnancy • Infertility• Menstrual problems

Page 12: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Percentage of Overweight U.S. Children and Adolescents is Soaring*

* >95th percentile for BMI by age and sex based on 2000 CDC BMI-for-age growth charts**Data from 1963-65 for children 6-11 years of age and from 1966-70 for adolescents 12-17 years of ageSource: National Center for Health Statistics

18

Ages 12-19

Ages 6-11

54

1616

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1963-70**

1971-74 1976-80 1988-94 1999-2002

Page 13: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Overweight Has Important Health Consequences in Children

• 70% chance of being overweight as adults• Childhood onset of type 2 diabetes

– Face future risk of serious complications: kidney disease, blindness, amputations

– Children born in 2000 have a high risk of getting diabetes in their lifetimes:

• 33% of males• 39% of females

• Risk factors for heart disease– 61% of overweight 5-10-year olds have at least

one risk factor– 26% have two or more risk factors

Page 14: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Costs Associated with Obesity are High and Growing

• Direct health costs attributable to obesity estimated to be– $52 billion in 1995 – $75 billion in 2003

• Hospital costs related to childhood overweight have tripled in last 20 years

Page 15: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Three Key Factors Are Related to the Onset of Obesity

• Poor dietary practices• Decreased physical activity• Increased inactivity

Page 16: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Americans’ Food Practices are Shifting Dramatically

• Reduced frequency of family meals • Increased fast food consumption• Increased portion size• Increased consumption of soft

drinks (from 27 to 50 gallons/year from 1972-1999)

• Restrained eating, meal skipping

Page 17: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Physical Education in High Schools is on the Decline

Participation in daily P.E. classes, 9-12th graders:

1991 42%2003 28%

Page 18: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Heavy TV Viewing Among Teens Has Increased Dramatically (NHES Youth Aged 12-17 in 1967-70 and NLSY Youth Aged 12-17 in 1990)

Heavy TV Viewing Among Teens Has Increased Dramatically (NHES Youth Aged 12-17 in 1967-70 and NLSY Youth Aged 12-17 in 1990)

0-10-1 1-21-2 2-32-3 3-43-4 4-54-5 5+5+

TV Hours (Youth Report)TV Hours (Youth Report)

Page 19: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

As TV Time Increases, So Do Rates of Overweight in Teenagers (NHES Youth Aged 12-17 in 1967-70 and NLSY Youth Aged 10-15 in 1990)

As TV Time Increases, So Do Rates of Overweight in Teenagers (NHES Youth Aged 12-17 in 1967-70 and NLSY Youth Aged 10-15 in 1990)

TV Hours Per Day (Youth Report)TV Hours Per Day (Youth Report)

(0-1)(0-1) (1-2)(1-2) (3-4)(3-4) (4-5)(4-5) (>5)(>5)(2-3)(2-3)

Page 20: The Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity

Scientists Agree on Steps to Reduce Obesity and Promote Health

• Eat a healthy diet(e.g., 2 cups fruit and 2 and 1/2 cups vegetables each day, based on 2,000-calorie diet)

• Get regular physical activity(e.g., for adults, at least 30 minutes of moderate-

intensity activity 5 days per week, or at least 20 minutes of vigorous activity 3 days a week)

• Go for regular visits to the doctor – to monitor risk factors– if you have an obesity-related condition and are

trying to lose weight


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