The Industrial
Revolution
8.11 B Describe the positive and negative consequences of human modification of physical environment of the United States
8.27A Explain the effects of technological and scientific innovations such as the steamboat, cotton gin and interchangeable parts
8.27B Analyze the impact of transportation and communication systems on the growth, development, and urbanization of the United States
Before Notes/ readingY/N
After Notes/ ReadingY/N
A revolution always has a positive outcome
Someone loses power during a revolution
Every revolution is a war
A revolution may result in the birth of a new nation
What is a revolution?(not in note packet)
Turn to your shoulder partner, state what you think it is.
Revolution(not in note packet)
an overthrow or repudiation and the thorough replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed
a sudden, complete or marked change in something
Red/Black Text BookClass will read pages 346-348
What was it?(not in note packet)
the change from an agricultural society to industrial because new factories in the
northeast states
Industrial Revolution(not in note packet)The Industrial Revolution started in the late 1760 in Britain and spread to the United States as an effect of the War of 1812.
STOPComplete response in note packet. What was the Industrial Revolution?
Why did it begin the Northeast?Respond in NOTE PACKET!
1. New England had poor soil for farming2. Northeast has many rivers =
waterpower for factories3. NE had port cities for shipping to
other states and across the Atlantic4. Subsistence farmers were willing to
move to the citiesADD NUMBER FOR YOU YOUR NOTES
Respond in NOTE PACKET!The Industrial Revolution occurred
because of…FREE ENTERPRISE – people are
free to buy, sell, own, and produce products as well as work wherever they choose
The government had few regulations to control the economy.
(Class discussion) What are regulations?
Class Activity-Not in Note Packet1.On your white boards, each group
write at least one regulation that you think is BAD either from either the 1800’s or present day.
2.As a team, write at least one regulation you think is GOOD in either present day or the 1800’s on your white boards.
(not in note packet)The Industrial Revolution required the invention of new machines and technology – which is scientific discoveries that simplify work.
1.You will now each get a sheet of paper to draw and explain in invention that you might have created back in the 1800’s or now having to do with machines/technology.
2.We need at least 2 volunteers to share their invention with the Sharks of Shark Tank.
Shark Tank-Class ActivityNot in note packet
Class DiscussionNot in note packet
Congress created patents to protect inventors’ new inventions from being copied.How would it be fair if the Sharks kept your invention without any compensation or without your permission?
Reference note packet!
Consider what America would be like if we didn’t have patents.
Write 4 complete sentences on how you perceive the nation would be different without
them?
Respond in NOTE PACKET!Ultimately, the Industrial Revolution occurred as a combination of the following events:
Rise of the factory system
Use of steam power
Mass production of goods
IndustrialRevolution
The Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which was a simple machine that quickly and efficiently removed seeds from cotton. Farm production increased dramatically.
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791Respond in NOTE PACKET!
Cotton became more profitable = an increase in the need for slave labor
Removed seeds from cotton
Not in note packet!The Industrial Revolution began in the textile industry, but soon transferred to other industries. Work shifted from homes to factories, where workers could be supervised and where water and steam power could be used to run machines
FactoriesRespond in note packet
Factory System – a system bringing manufacturing steps together under one roof or in one place. Most employees were women and children working LONG hours.
Activity (not notes)Each team will be given a
different color strip of paper and will start with one team and go in order to mass produce a chain, each doing a different part.
Francis Lowell- opened the Lowell factory in Massachusetts. Employed mostly young girls to work in difficult conditions for long hours and low wages.
These conditions had an impact on the child labor laws theU.S. has today.
REPOND IN NOTES-Laws Necessary?
Lowell Mill
Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell
1836 First state child labor law
Massachusetts requires children under 15 working in factories to attend school at least 3 months/year
New Development – Interchangeable Parts (note packet)
Interchangeable parts – identical machine parts that could be quickly put together to make a complete product
Note packet
Importance of Interchangeable parts
Allowed for mass production of a variety
of goodsso…
prices were reduced
Note PacketEli Whitney & Interchangeable Parts
Could build 10 different rifles from these pieces
Note Packettextile industries -factories
that produced clothing and cloth items from cotton; located in North
Early Textile Loom
New EnglandTextile
Centers:
1830s
The Cotton Gin’s Impact on SlaveryNote PacketThe demand for southern cotton grew
dramatically because of the cotton gin and the increased number of textile mills in the north that needed cotton
more northern textile mills =
more southern slaves!
DELETE SLIDE IN NOTESDelete in notes “Farming During the Industrial Revolution”
StopAmerica Story of Us
Division minute 7-23 minutes
Note PacketFive Common Problems of Early Cities1.Streets and sidewalks unpaved & animals roaming freely
2.Pollution fromfactories
3. No sewers
4. Diseases easily spread due to poor sanitation
5. Fires spread easily due to close quarters and few fire companies
Note PacketThe Census and Population
Census – officially counts the population of the U.S. every 10 years
The first census occurred in 1790 and the population of the United States was nearly 4 million
The 1790 Census
Note Packet-First CensusMost of the population lived east
of the Appalachian Mountains and within a few hundred miles of the Atlantic coast
By 1820, the population reached 10 million with 2 million living west of the Appalachian Mountains
Thought Spot (respond in notes)Look at the population maps
from 1820 and 1860.What were the U.S. largest cities in 1820?
What were the U.S. largest cities in 1860?
U.S. Population Centers in 1820
U.S. Population Centers in 1860
National Road, 1818-1838
TransportationIn Notes
Because the nation needed good inland roads for travel and for the shipment of goods, private companies built turnpikes or toll roads
Fees paid to use these roads were used for construction and upkeep of the roads
“Pay to use the road!”
In Notes
The National Road was approved by Congress in 1806 that connected the east with the west. The first section opened in 1818, connecting Maryland to western Virginia. Years later, it ended in Illinois. The National Road made the migration of people easier.
Pros & Cons to River Travel (note not in notes)
More comfortable than horse & buggy
Get ALL goods on barges & float direction of current
Most rivers ran north & south BUT…most people traveling to the west!
Upstream against current slow
In notesClipper ShipsMoved quickly through waters –
“clipped” time off the trip across the Atlantic
The SteamboatIn notes
Robert Fulton developed the first steamboat in 1807; named “Clermont”
Early steamboats easily blew up because there were no regulations on who could run steamboats and the boilers that created steam had no safety valve to stop overheating and slow pressure
America Story of US-Westward
Minute 42-44
Robert Fulton and the SteamboatIn notes Steamboat Effects: improved transport
goods & people on inland rivers
economic productivity (ship goods – faster, easier, cheaper)
helped river cities grow – St. Louis
The Clermont – 1807
CanalsIn notes
Canal – an artificial (man-made) waterway The first canal was the 363 mile Erie Canal
connecting Albany, New York on the Hudson River to Buffalo, New York on Lake Erie. It was completed on October 26, 1825.
Erie Canal – 1825
In notesCanals Continued…
Three results of the increase in canals in the U.S. between 1825 and 1850:
1. Canals lowered the cost of shipping goods
2. Brought prosperity (money) to towns along their routes
3. Helped unite the growing country
TheRailroadsConnectAmerica!
1830 1830 13 miles of track 13 miles of track 1850 1850 9000 mi. of RR track 9000 mi. of RR track 18601860 31,000 mi. 31,000 mi.
The “Iron Horse” 1830
In notesThe Railroad Revolution, 1850sImmigrants
built the northern railroads
Slaves built the southern railroads
America Story of US-Division
Minute 1-7 minutes
Not in NotesAmericans had strong allegiance to the region of the US they lived in – Westerners, Southerners, or NorthernersLeads to problems known as
Sectionalism-Coming Unit!
Sectionalism Disagreements Among North And South-Last Note SLIDE not in notes!1. Slavery2. Need for tariffs3. States’ rights4. Internal improvements (paying
for the improvements in U.S. transportation systems)