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The Influence of Urban Development Density on Water
Pollution
The Influence of Urban Development Density on Water
Pollution
Kyushik Oh and Dong woo Lee
Department of Urban Planning
Hanyang University, Korea
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IntroductionIntroduction
◈ Occurrence of many kinds of Environmental problems by urban developments
◈ Need for comprehensive water quality management approach such as Total Maximum Daily Load Program (TMDL)
◈ Need for Cumulative impacts for SEA (Strategic Environmental Assessment)
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Analyzing the pattern of cumulative impacts
on water pollution caused by urban developments
Using in the decision making of urban planning
Assistance in the enforcement of SEA of EIA
Objective
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Concept of cumulative impactsConcept of cumulative impacts
◈ Result of interactions between incremental developments projects in space and time periods
Exceeding an environmental carrying capacity
Occurrence of serious environmental problems
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YongIn
BunDang
The study area and methodsThe study area and methods
◈ Study area■ The upper reaches of the Tancheon watershed area
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◈ Remote sensed data on study area
Before development (1985) After development (2003)
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Comparison of the increase of BOD intensity with the increase of urban developments
Identification of patterns of water pollution
Analysis of rainfall data
Rainfall data
Pollution intensity for seasons
Water qualitydata
◈ Methods
Urban developmentsincrease
Urban Developments Factor
Urban area Population
Employee
…
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◈ Sub-basins and water quality observation points
Legend
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003(Year)
(%) WQOP1,2
WQOP3
ResultResult
The diffusion of a sewerage
Urban area Population
Employees
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1900 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Urb
an a
rea(
)㎢
WQOP 1WQOP 2WQOP 3urbandevelop-ment
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
(Year)
(Per
son:
100
0)
WQOP1WQOP2WQOP3
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
(Year)
Em
ploy
ees
WQOP1WQOP2WQOP3
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◈ Results of hierarchical cluster analysis on rainfall■ Dry season: January-May, October-December■ Wet season: June-September
◈ Changes of BOD intensity
Dry season
Wet season
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
(Year)
BO
D (
mg/
ℓ)
WQOP 1WQOP 2WQOP 3
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003(year)
BOD
(mg/
ℓ)
WQOP 1WQOP 2WQOP 3
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Patterns of water pollutionPatterns of water pollution
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2 5 8 11 14 17 20
Urban area ( )㎢
BO
D(m
g/ℓ
)
The increase ofBOD intensity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2 4 6 8 10 12
Urban area ( )㎢
BO
D(m
g/ℓ
)
The increase ofBOD intensity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 50 100 150 200
Person(1000)
BO
D(m
g/L)
The increase ofBOD intensity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 50 100 150 200 250
Person(1000)
BO
D(m
g/L)
The increase ofBOD intensity
WQOP1 WQOP2
Urbanarea
Popu-lation
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1000 2000 3000 4000
Employees
BO
D(m
g/L)
The increase ofBOD intensity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Employees
BO
D(m
g/L)
The increase ofBOD intensity
WQOP1 WQOP2
Employee
Water pollution is getting more serious by urban developments
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Variablelinear logic Exponential
Function
R2 Function
R2 Function
R2
Variation of urban
area
WQOP1
y = 3.606x - 15.186
0.704y =
22.09Ln(x) - 31.434
0.5537y =
1.4681e0.2
576x
ExponentialR2 =
0.8381
WQOP2
y = 1.2839x -
3.64060.6927
y = 11.121Ln(
x) - 14.589
0.5476y =
2.6509e0.1
096x
0.8254
Variation of
population
WQOP1
y = 0.2102x -
4.70310.9223
y = 16.608Ln(
x) - 58.873
0.8115y =
3.2312e0.0
146x
0.9711
WQOP2
y = 0.1206x + 0.4958
0.9247y =
8.071Ln(x) - 22.762
0.7084y =
3.9593e0.0
098x
0.9387
Variation of
business
WQOP1
y = 0.0125x -
19.0550.8228
y = 31.427Ln(
x) - 232.81
0.7682y =
1.205e0.000
9x
0.9105
WQOP2
y = 0.0075x -
12.5850.9421
y = 26.128Ln(
x) - 198.77
0.9178y =
1.7951e0.0
005x
0.9487
◈ Patterns of water pollution
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ConclusionsConclusions
◈ Results■ Observing cumulative impacts occurred as a result of urban
developments■ Demonstrating the need for considering cumulative impacts for an
effective water quality management
◈ Limitations■ Insufficient water quality observation data■ Considering urban developments as only sources of cumulative impacts
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Cumulative Impacts of Urban Developments on Water Pollution
Cumulative Impacts of Urban Developments on Water Pollution
Kyushik Oh and Dong woo Lee
Department of Urban Planning
Hanyang University, Korea