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The New American Culture:Art, Literature,
TranscendentalismGoal 2
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American Culture
• A clear American culture begins to emerge in the 1830s.
• Art and literature began to reflect American themes and ideals rather than mirror European style and design.
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Hudson River School•The Hudson River
School was a group of artists that focused on portraying the beauty of the American landscape.
•The paintings revealed the truth in human emotion.
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Buffalo Bull's Back Fat, head chief, Blood Tribein the National Museum of American Art, Washington D.C.
By George Catlin
Asher DurandKindred Spirits, 1849The New York Public Library, New York City
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A Lake in the Sierra Nevada by Albert Bierstadt
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Frederic Church Niagara1857Oil on canvasThe Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington
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•Transcendentalism was a philosophical group that was reflected in American literature.
•Emphasized:•Simple living
•Celebrating nature
•Optimism
•Freedom
•Self-reliance
Transcendentalism
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
• Emerson was a transcendentalist New England writer
• Wrote about simple living, nature, and personal emotion and imagination
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Henry David Thoreau
• Lived in solitude at Walden Pond in Massachusetts, writing the book Walden
• Urged the concept of civil disobedience, protesting by refusing to obey the law (essay “Civil Disobedience).
• Gandhi & Martin Luther King adopt this view in their protests in the 20th century)
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Other American Writers
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James Fenimore Cooper• Wrote about the
American frontier & Native Americans
• The Last of the Mohicans
• Leatherstocking Tales
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Edgar Allen Poe• Anti-
transcendentalist
• Helped create the mystery genre.
• “The Raven”• “Tell-Tale
Heart”
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Nathaniel Hawthorne
• Anti-transcendentalist
• Books dealt with the problems of human nature, sin, and punishment for sins (Puritan roots)
• The Scarlet Letter
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Washington Irving
• “The Father of American Literature”
• Wrote about the American common man
• Legend of Sleepy Hollow
• Rip Van Winkle
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James Fenimore Cooper• Wrote about the
American frontier & Native Americans
• The Last of the Mohicans
• Leatherstocking Tales
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