THE NEW DEAL and FDR1933-1938
FDRFranklin Delano RooseveltStruck by Polio in 1921 Elected Govern of NY in 1928 and
1930Spoke about the “forgotten man”Politically Suave
Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt Pushed FDR to maintain
political careerBig leader of the female wing of
the Democratic party in 1920s and early 1930s.
Became the “Conscience of the New Deal”
She is the most active first lady in American History
Election 1932
“I pledge you, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American
people.”FDR ( Democratic Party)Hoover (Republican)FDR wins
◦African-Americans traditionally loyal to the Republican party swung to the Democratic party
Depression 193225-33% Unemployment About 25% of all banks failed25% of Farmers lost their farmsLarge numbers of businesses
failedLoss of self-worth among millions
of Americans
New Deal BeginsFDR and his inner circle
◦“Brain Trust” Cordell Hull Frances Perkins Harold L. Ickes Harry Hopkins Eleanor Roosevelt
First Hundred Days (March 9-June 16 1933
“Three R’s”◦Relief ◦Recovery ◦Reform
Short-Range goals: Relief and immediate recovery (next two years)
Long-Range permanent recovery and reform of current abuses
3 R’s
New Deal 1933-1938ProgramsCCCTVA FERAAAANIRAPWA
WPA SSANYASECNLRBFDIC
Civilian Conservation Corps March 31, 1933Most Popular New Deal Programs
◦Employed 2.75 Million young men (18-24)
◦Reforestation, firefighting, flood control , swamp drainage, develop national parks
Under direction of the War Department
Their payment made to the family of each member
Tennessee Valley Authority May 1933 Intended to reform the power
monopoly of utility companies by building hydroelectric power plants in the Tennessee Valley ◦20 dams build in an area of 40,000
sq. miles to stop floods and soil erosion and generate hydroelectric power
Federal Emergency Relief Administration May 12,1933Headed by Harry HopkinsGave $3 million to states for
direct dole payments◦People who were unemployed were ◦“On the Dole”
Agricultural Adjustment Administration May 12, 1933Attempted to eliminate price-
depressing surpluses by paying growers to reduce their crop acreage – subsides
Federal Farm Loan Act◦Allocated million of dollars to help farmers meet their mortgages
National Industrial Recovery Administration June 16, 1933Most complex and far reaching of
New Deal programs was designed to prevent extreme competition, labor-management, disputes and over-production
NRA◦Blue Eagle was displayed by
merchants adhering to NRA codes with the slogan “we do our part”
Public Works Administration Created by NIRA…
1933Harold L. IkesGave $4 billion state
and local governments to provide jobs for 34,000 public projects◦ Building schools,
dames, government buildings, sewage systems, highways
◦ (Modernize Nations infrastructure)
Works Progress Administration
May 1935Employed nearly 9
million people on public projects◦ Buildings bridges, hard-
surfaced roads airports, schools and hospitals
Total Cost: 11.4 Billion eventually employed 40% of the nation’s workers
Social Security Act
August 1935On of the most far-reaching laws
ever to pass Congress Provided for federal-state
unemployment insuranceProvided for old-age pensions for
retired workersFinanced by a payroll tax on both
employers and employees
National Youth AssociationJune 1935Created by the WPAProvided part-time jobs for high
school and college students
Securities and Exchange commission 1933Empowered to license and
regulate stock exchanges as well as regulate the investment banking industry
One of the most important projects of the new deal
National Labor Relations Board
1935Known as the Wagner Act Guaranteed workers the rights to
unionize and bargain collectively and would investigate any business trying to destroy labor unions.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation1933 Known as the Glass-Steagall Act Insured all savings bank deposits
up $2,500Currently the amount is $100,000
Critics of The New Deal Was not as successful as it was
thought to be Did not help women and minorities
as much as it helped the white man Political Right… To much of
government involvementPolitical Left… Not enough
assistance Father Charles E. Coughlin…Huey Long…
Packing the Court
Lasting Impressions Still reap benefits from the CCC
(dams, buildings, national state parks etc.)
TVA remains a model of government planning
FDIC still guarantees bank depositsSEC still monitors the stock marketAAA still helps regulate farmingSocial Security