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The Planting of English America
CHAPTER 2 NOTESMrs. MarshallAP US History
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Sir Walter Raleigh
•1585-North Carolina’s Roanoke Island-“Lost Colony”
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Spanish Armada
•1588-England defeated Spain
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Protestant Reformation
•Catholicism vs. Protestantism
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Joint Stock Companies
•Joint Stock Companies
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Jamestown
•Virginia Company of London•Chesapeake Bay-May 1607•1st permanent English settlement in
North America.•Captain John Smith•Pocahontas•John Rolfe•Tobacco
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Virginia Company/London Company 1619•Authorized settlers to summon an
assembly (elected legislature) known as the House of Burgesses.
•All decisions of the House of Burgesses required approval of Virginia Company
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Impact of Religion on English Colonies
•Little religious tolerance in New England colonies
•Puritans were trying to create “a city on the hill”-did not want their community defiled by other beliefs
•More religious diversity/tolerance in the Mid-Atlantic colonies, but it was also limited
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•Southern colonies were founded for economic reason. Religion played a small role in their cultural development until the Great Awakening
•Church of England was the established church in the South
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•Spanish settlers developed a dependence on slave labor.
•French settlers were not dependant on slave labor due to geography of their territories
•English settlers developed a egalitarian society in New England and the Middle colonies based on religious equality. Economic prosperity and immigration led to class distinctions.
•The South developed a hierarchical social structure due to the plantation system.
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Political Development in Colonies•Impacted by political traditions of the
mother country•Spain and France transferred their
authoritarian control to their colonies. •British brought their experience with
the Magna Carta and Parliament to the colonies. They developed institutions starting with the House of Burgesses and New England town meetings.
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Types of Colonies
•Charter- a colony chartered to an individual or group by the British Crown
•Royal- a colony governed directly by the king/queen
•Proprietary- a colony in which one or more private land owners retain rights that are normally privilege of the state
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Magna Carta
•A document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, drawn up by nobles and approved by King John in AD 1215
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Maryland
•1634- Lord Baltimore•For financial profit and a haven for
Catholics•Act of Toleration- 1649-local
representative body granted religious toleration to all Christians
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Death of King James I
•Upon death of King James I his son, Charles I took the throne
James I
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English Civil War (1642-1649) •Fought by supporters and opponents
of King Charles I.•Royalists-those loyal to Charles I•Puritans- supporters of Parliament
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Oliver Cromwell
•Puritan general who replaced Charles I
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Restoration
•When colonization/empire building resumes in England
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Charles II
•Charles II replaced Cromwell in 1659
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8 Lord Proprietors
•Charles II gave them land south of Virginia. Carolina prospered by developing close economic ties with the sugar islands of the English West Indies.
•Many settlers came from Barbados.•Rice was principal export crop.•Charles Town-busy seaport, diverse
population, aristocratic population.•Carolina split in 1712.
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Georgia
•James Oglethorpe-1733•Founded as a home for debtors and
prisoners from England.•Also founded as a buffer state
between Spanish Florida and the Carolinas.
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Characteristics of Southern Colonies• Exported commercial agricultural
products-tobacco, rice• Slavery• A strong aristocratic atmosphere• All permitted some religious toleration • Tax supported Church of England became
the dominant faith• Growth of cities were slow due to
plantations and farms • Farms and plantations made
establishment of schools and churches difficulty and costly
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Economic Development
•Spanish crown funded expeditions•English expeditions and settlements
were funded by joint stock companies and proprietors
•French developed an economy based on fur trapping and exports that influenced their mutual dependence on native tribes
•England, Spain and France all followed mercantilists policies
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English colonies
•New England-geographic conditions allowed for only subsistence farming. They turned to shipbuilding and to the sea as merchants and fisherman. Not dependant on slaves
•Mid-Atlantic colonies- developed an export trade in food stuffs as a result of geographic resources and large families
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•Southern colonies- grew cash crops such as tobacco, rice and indigo. Used slave labor and exported crops on the ships from New England
•3 regions developed an interdependent network of coastal trade and trade with the British Caribbean as well as trade across the Atlantic with Africa and Europe