Download - The power to change Peter Birkner
Dr.-Ing. Peter Birkner, Executive Member of the Board, Mainova AG
Frankfurt am Main, Germany, October 23, 2012
The Power to Change –The Contribution of Municipal Companies
Transforming the Energy Sector – Looking beyond National Borders
Study of electrical power engineering and doctoral thesisat Technische Universität München (Dipl.-Ing., Dr.-Ing.)
Positions within RWE Group
Lechwerke AG, Augsburg, GER (11/1987 – 12/2004; Vice President, Business Unit Grid)
Wendelsteinbahn GmbH, Brannenburg, GER (1/2004 – 12/2008; Managing Director)
Vychodoslovenska energetika a.s., Kosice, SK (1/2005 – 8/2008; Member of the Board)
RWE Rhein-Ruhr Netzservice GmbH, Siegen, GER (9/2008 – 6/2011; Managing Director)
Mainova AG, Frankfurt, GER (7/2011 to today; Chief Technical Officer and Member of the Board)
Chairman Networks Committee, Eurelectric, Brussels (6/2008 to today)
Visiting Professor (Electrical Power Engineering) Technicka Universita v Kosiciach, (6/2005 to today)
Lecturer (Electrical Power Engineering) at Universität Bonn (1/2009 to today) and
Universität Wuppertal (6/2010 to today)
Curriculum Vitae Peter Birkner
Numerous publications and lectures on power engineering and economics
Mainova AG, a German player–Generation, sales and grid
Sales area house-hold customers
Grid areaGeneration area
Sales volumes:• Electricity : 8,609 Mio. kWh• Gas: 14,077 Mio. kWh• Heat: 1,973 Mio. kWh• Water: 42,318 Tsd. m3
Complete supply, partly heat
Complete supply except electricity, partly heat
Service area natural gas
Service area of Mainova affiliated companies
Service area of local and regional gas companies supplied by Mainova
Sales area big customers
Physical consequences of the German „Energiewende“
Providing electricity at the right time – smart market
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2
Agenda: The power to change –The contribution of municipal companies
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3 Providing electricty at the right place – smart grid
5 Technical strategy of Mainova
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Interaction of smart grids and smart markets
6 New technologies and new challenges
The German „Energiewende“ is ambitious and is based on renewables, tough savings and imports
*) Assuming substantial efficiency increase and energy savings but also signigicant electricity imports!
*)
1
Limited import and export capacitiesAll European countries are increasing theinstalled capacity of renewables Renewable energy sources show asynchonous generation patternAre the electricity savings realistic?
We have to do some homework!
EU
GER
?
5
?
Percentageof power generation
Max
imum
cons
umpt
ion
Avai
labl
e po
wer
pla
nts
(con
vent
iona
l)
Impo
rt / E
xpor
t
Pum
ped
hydr
o st
orag
e
2010
2020
2050
Installed capacity of renewables
18 % 35 % 80 %
Pow
er
100 %
0 %
50 %
5 %
2000
A rate of 35 % of renewable Energy means to double the installed generation capacity
122 %
Note: The national energy concept assumes substantial efficiencyincrease and energy savings but also signigicant electricityimports!
1
+
Increasing the installed capacity of renewableswithout reversible storage results in a saturation
1
Installed renewable power
Renewable energies
Generation power /Power consumption
Time
Storage +
Absorption
SupplementStorage -
Renewable generation curves (today and tomorrow)
Conventional load curve
In the case that there are more than 35 % of renewables within the total
energy mix, the installed capacity has to be higher than the sum of maxi-
mum consumption, storage and export
Installed capacity
35%
Demand of energy (100%)
Conventional energies
Energy absorption
Additional loads (electrolysis, thermal storage, export)
Energy supplement
Additional generation (gas turbine, import)
Energy storage
Reversible storage, shifting loads and generation (P2G, batteries, pumped hydro storage)
Import / export 7
The presented scenario is modified through supporting and hindering factors
Supporting factors (less renewable capacity, less storage capacity)
Import and export of energy
Creating an European overlay grid (DC)
Coordination of demand and generation on a national level (reduction of synchronism)
Hindering factors (more renewable capacity, more storage capacity)
Grid congestions on a national level
Congestions on cross border lines
Installation of renewable energy sources in neighboring countries
Available power
Time
Available power
Time
Synchronism
(T↓)
Diversity
(T↑)
Region 1
Region 2
Region 1
Region 2
Total Total
1
From a technology point of view the German„Energiewende“ will be implemented in three steps
1
- Connection to the network- Extension and increase of flexibilty
of the network- Optimization and increase of flexibility
of thermal power plants
- Load shifts (DSM)- Increase of conventional electricity storage- New efficient applications for electrical
energy (e.g. heat pumps, electric vehicles)
- Reversible storage of electricity - New types of power sources (OPV)- Alternative use of CO2 (alga)- Dynamic stability of the system
by 2020 by 2030 by 2050
Energy supply and supplement
Penetration of renewable energy
35 %
80 %
45 %
Energy absorption
New reversible storages
Mainova has the know-how and the ability to make „Energiewende“ a reality
Existing devices can be used in orderto increase the flexibility of the system
2
Technologies for increasing flexibility in the electrical system
CCGT power plants(Irsching, block 4, η = 60%)
Flexible CHPs(Frankfurt, thermal connection of
steam and gas turbines as wellas boilers decouples electicity generation from heat production)
Virtual power plants(Frankfurt)
Controlled electrolytic processes(Frankfurt, 70 MW, production of Cl2)
Controlled cold-storage depots(Frankfurt)
1
3
5
4
1
2
3
4
5
2
(Concept)(Concept)
Chemical and thermal energies are indispensablein order to create enough storage capacities
Density of
Mechanical energy (1 m³ water, 4 000 m high)
Thermal energy(1 m³ water, 10 K warmer)
Chemical energy(1 m³ gas, 0.8 kg)
Batteries(100 kg Li-Ion batteries)
Hydrogen should be able to fix the storage challenge. Extended production of CH4 (energy con-tent three times higer) might be not necessary
H2O
H2
O2
„Pow
er–to–gas (H2 )
–to–gas–grid“Electrical cooling device
(compression) with storage
„Power–to–thermal–storage / –to–thermal–grid“
Hea
t
2
Elec-tricity
Elec-tricity
Sto-rage-
Sto-rage+
„Pow
er–to–gas (H2 )
–to–gas–tank“
„Pow
er–to–gas (H2 )
–to–others (industry)“
Electrolyticreactor
(Frankfurt)
* All numbers mentioned are corresponding with an energy volume of about 40 MJ (ca. 11 kWh)
Compressor (Frankfurt)
(Concept)
The coupling of energies is the technical key competence of „Energiewende“
Electrical power
Heat
Natural gasG2PG2H
G2PG2H
G2H G2P H2P P2H
CHP steam turbine
- „Invertierted“ power plant
- Electricalheating
- Heat pump
- OrganicRancinecycle
P2G
- Elektrolyticreactor H2
- Sabatier reactor CH4
CHPgas turbine
3
Gasboiler
CCGT
RES
RES
~
Districtheating
Thermal storage withelectrical heatingElectrical grid
Closed gas turbine cycle
Heat exchanger
Gasgrid
H2 storage
Elektrolyse zurH2 Erzeugung
H2OTemperature control
Control unit
2
The urban power plantbecomes the energy hub of the future
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Middle till long time periods (days, weeks, months)x 100 MW, high voltage
Import and exportPumped hydro storage Air pressure storage
Power to gas (electrolysis,sabatier)
Compensation of days without wind or cloudy days
Short time period(minutes, hours)x 1 MW, middle and low voltage
Import and exportDomestic thermal inertiaDomestic demand (DSM, DR)Batteries (immobile, mobile)Thermal storages
Compensation of cloud fields or night-time
All storage concepts can contribute to stabilize the grid!
Storage concepts and their application
A mix from different storage concepts will be used in the future
2
14
The current „energy-only-market“ neither awards flexible power plants nor storages
Bisheriger Preisverlauf
Bisheriger Mengenverlauf
Flexible CCGT power plants are under price and volume pressure
Similar prices for peak and base put storages under pressure
2
?
?
Former price
Former volume
Today the data hub model is used in most of the European countries
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Data Hub Model – Used in most of the European Countries
Wholesaler
Retailer
TSO
DSO
Hub(Data service provider)
One combined role as an option:
DSO as a data hub and market facilitator (Eurelectric)
In Germany there is a seperate role called
Meter operator / Data service provider (MSB / MDL)
Data transfer andcommunicationmanagement
2
Request for data
Smartmeter
Meteroperator
In Germany a new gateway model is being designed at moment
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Gateway Model – The future German (BSI) model
Wholesaler
Retailer
TSO
DSO
Gateway administrator
Smartmeter
Meteroperator
One combined role as an option
Gate-way
Gate-wayoperator
Data transfer
Communicationmanagement
Remark: the„data service provider“ (MDL) role most probabely will disappear
2
Offer of data
Electrical grids play a central role in the future andtherefore they have to be developed into „Smart Grids“
Grid
Generation Central DispersedSolar park Solar cellsWind park μ-CHPCCGT BiomassCHP ……
Remote Close to Load
Load Central DispersedCities Houses
Airports, skyscrapers Farms Cold-storage depots ……
3
Renewable Energies have to be integrated into the grid
380 kV220 kV
110 kV 20 kV10 kV
0,4 kV
Wind
SolarPower generation
Grid integration
Storage optionsDSM ***BatteriesEV
DSM ***BatteriesPower 2 Gas(H2, CH4)Biogasbased generation **
Conventional generation *Pumped hydro powerCompressed air
DSM ***Conventional generation *Power 2 Gas(H2, CH4)Compressed air
No support for distribution grid
3
Overload / congestions
Voltage
Challenges
* Generation using gas produced by power to gasdevices
** Biogas is stored in a tank and used when wind and sun are not available
*** DSM is using thermal inertia as a storage
2
Transmission grids have to integrate new powerfuland remotely positioned renewable energy sources
2012 –2022
++ ++Challenges can be solved with
conventional / available technologies
Distribution Grids have to be adjustedsubstantially and in a smart way to their new tasks
Time
Feed-in
Take-off
Today‘sgrid take-offcapacity
Voltage Load
Today‘sgrid feed-incapacity
Voltage Load
Voltage
Length
Low load + high feed-in
Low loard +basic feed-in
100 % UN
90 % UN
110 % UN
Partial load + no feed-in
High load +no feed-in
To control means to take grid-related measures (load flow, reactive power) or to influence loads, generation or decentralized storage (active power)
Load monitoring and load control allow the maximum use of assets
3
Integration of renewables is supportedby „Smart Grids“ – The pilot project iNES
3
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Prinziples of grid automation within the project iNES –Grid interventions first – Customer impacts last
3
Operating principle
The active grid elements (1) are adressed first and the active ele-ments on the customer side (2) last
The sensor is independent of any Smart Meter system
iNES Sensor
Active element
(grid)
+ -
Active element
(customer)
2
1
SensorSensor 1 - voltage control transformer2 - reactive power control grid3 - active power control customer side
Quality and network extension
The intervention frequency of the active element on the customer side is registered. This parameter can be used as an indicator for the necessary grid reinforcement or extensionThe more interventions on the customer side the DSO is allowed to execute within one year, the smaller and later the network reinforcement or externsion will be. However, a higher amount of renewable energy will be “deleted“ through these interventions
Active element
(grid)
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Two characteristic test sites in the Frankfurt area with a high density of PV have been choosen:
Rural radial LV-grid Bergen-Enkheim Relocated farms with large PV systems,1 MV/LV transformer station
Urban interconnected LV-grid Bornheim Properties from the ABG between Dortelweiler Straße and Preun-gesheimer Straße with large PV systems,3 MV/LV transformer stations
Implementation
Two characteristic test sites in the Frankfurt area with a high density of PV have been choosen:
Rural radial LV-grid Bergen-Enkheim Relocated farms with large PV systems,1 MV/LV transformer station
Urban interconnected LV-grid Bornheim Properties from the ABG between Dortelweiler Straße and Preun-gesheimer Straße with large PV systems,3 MV/LV transformer stations
Implementation
iNES – The „Smart Grid“ project of Mainova –Field tests in Frankfurt
The smart grid project is carried out in two characteristic areas.As a consequence the results are meaningful
3
Increasing number of companies
“The financial situation of European DSOs” – A Study of Eurelectric
In many European countries the regulatory return on invest (ROI) does not meet the expectations of the capital market
Value creation andvalue destruction ofEuropean DSOs
1 – DSOs who are not investing are creatingvalues
3 – DSOs who are in-vesting are destroyingvalues
The investment climat for European DSOsleaves space for improvement
The switch from efficiency regulation to incentivisingsmart grids is necessary
3
Supplier
Grid
Customer
Impact
DSO
Monitoring
Market
Time
Price
Load
Maximum
Intervention of DSO
Intervention of DSO means: priority over market, however, minimum impact on customer
Smart markets and smart grids –Basic functionalities and interaction
4
Price
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Smart market: Influencing the customer by price signals Power balanceSmart grid: Influencing the customer by phsical signals Maximum use of network
ReactionIntervention
2
1
Investment program and R&D of Mainova AGare reflecting the principles discussed
Optimization and increase of flexibility of the Frankfurt CHP system
Establishment of wind generation within a radius of 100 km around Frankfurt
Using opportunities with respect to hydropower plants (including pumped hydro storages)
Analysis and observation of solar energy (silicon and organic PV)
Analysis of storage technologies
5
Power plants close to consumers reduce the necessary grid extension
Regional energy clusters make sense. However, energy autarky should be avoided
Solar energy has the potential to become an important urban energy source
R&D
Business
Rural area (smart country):Dominance of electric energyRenewable power generation (wind, solar, biomass)
Urban area (smart city):Media power, heat, gas (multi utility)Coupling of the media for energy storageand power bufferingEnergy generation on the basis of CHP
Coupling of the media (smart system):Central or decentralized
Rural and urban areas complete themselves by constructing the „smart system“ of the future
Fernwärme
Gas storageCHP Small CHP Solar
WindSolar
Frankfurt
Village
District heating
Heat storage
5
Summary and conclusions –Organic solar cells have a huge potential for urban use
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Mainova is Europe's first energy company with an organic photovoltaic system connected to the public grid
The 70 centimeters wide and two meters long plastic solar cells have been installed within one day
Opposite to conventional solar cells, organic photovoltaic systems do not use any silicon, but they are based on an organic semiconductor consisting of hydrocarbon compounds (polymers)
Organic photovoltaic systems are able to produce power, even in partial shade and in diffuse radiation
Installation of organic solar cells at the premises of Mainova AG, Frankfurt
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Volatility reduction of loadflow
Privat consumption (GER): 4 000 kWh/a, 11 kWh/day
Photovoltaic system: 4 000 kWh/a, (0,1 kW/m², 40 m²)
Battery storage system: 11 kWh/day
Battery capacity: 100 Wh/piece
Number of laptop batteries: 110 pieces (possibly used cells from the automotive industry)
Energy autonomous households
x 110
Summary and conclusions –Batteries are opening new options for stabilisation
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Source :Handelsblatt
6
31
Important changes with impact on energy business
Migration within Germany (from East to West; urbanization)
Changes in the population structure(demographic change)
Automation of private houses
Use of new powerful technologies like e-mobility or heat pumps
Expansion of data centers and internet nods
Increasing use of information and communication technology
Electricity tariffs and future develop-ment of energy intensive industries
Summary and conclusions –The environment is changing
Fundamental task:
Regional and temporal compensation of the differences between generation and consumption with an adequate capacity
RES
~
Integration of efficient and volatile
generation and consumption parts
Virtually stationary compensation of load
and generation fluctuations
Dynamic balance between load and
generation fluctuations
Work on problem solutions
Problem recognizedProblem identification
begins Appropriate Market Design Needed
6
Summary and conclusions –The technical challenges of the Energiewende
Dr.-Ing. Peter Birkner, Executive Member of the Board, Mainova AG
Frankfurt am Main, October 23, 2012
Analyses – Conclusion – Action
Thank you for your attention!