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THE PRETERITE TENSE
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PreteritePreterite
Up to now we’ve talked about actions that happen in the present, that happen on a regular basis, or that are happening right now. These verbs are in the simple present or present progressive.
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Preterite = Preterite = PAST COMPLETED PAST COMPLETED ACTIONSACTIONS
Next we’re going to learn how to talk about the past in Spanish. One way is to talk about an action that started and finished in the past. This tense is called the preterite.
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Some clue Words to help us!
Ayer = yesterday El verano pasado = last summer La semana pasada = last week El fin de semana pasado = last weekend El mes pasado = last month
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PreteritePreterite
In English, a preterite form looks like this:
– walk > walked– play > played– say > said– drive > drove– be > was, were
Some are regular (predictable): play > played
Others are irregular (unpredictable): go > went
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PreteritePreterite
In this presentation, we’ll look at the regular preterite endings.
Here’s a typical one:– yo hablé– tú hablaste– él habló– nosotros hablamos– ellos hablaron
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FormsForms
The endings for –AR verbs are:– yo - é– tú - aste– él - ó– nosotros - amos– ellos - aron
Notice the accent marks on the yo and él forms. They are very important!
Also notice that the nosotros form is the same in both the present and the preterite.
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Let’s Practice!Let’s Practice!
Charlar– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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CharlarCharlar
yo charlé tú charlaste él charló nosotros charlamos ellos charlaron
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Otro verbo, por favor!Otro verbo, por favor!
Cenar– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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CenarCenar
yo cené tú cenaste él cenó nosotros cenamos ellos cenaron
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-car, -gar, -zar verbs
Verbs that end in –car, -gar,and -zar have a spelling change in the yo form
Example: yo saqué, yo pagué yo almorcé
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Sacar= to takeSacar= to take
sacar– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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SacarSacar
yo saqué tú sacaste él sacó nosotros sacamos ellos sacaron
Verbs whose bases end in –car make a spelling change in the yo form only: cé > qué
It’s a spelling change to retain the original pronunciation.
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Otro verbo semejante…Otro verbo semejante…
pagar– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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PagarPagar
yo pagué tú pagaste él pagó nosotros pagamos ellos pagaron
Verbs whose bases end in –gar make a spelling change in the yo form only: gé > gué
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Un grupo mUn grupo más…ás…
almorzar– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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AlmorzarAlmorzar
yo almorcé tú almorzaste él almorzó nosotros almorzamos ellos almorzaron
Verbs that end in –zar make a spelling change in the yo form only: zé > cé
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ComenzarComenzar
Try this one! Comenzar
– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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ComenzarComenzar
yo comencé tú comenzaste él comenzó nosotros comenzamos ellos comenzaron
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OK, how about the reflexives?OK, how about the reflexives?
sentarse – yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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SentarseSentarse
yo me senté tú te sentaste él se sentó nosotros nos sentamos ellos se sentaron
Reflexive verbs change in the very same way. Just don’t forget the reflexive pronoun before the main verb.
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More Practice
1. Mi amiga ____________ una camisa en Walmart ayer. (comprar)
2. Ellos _______________ en la piscina el verano pasado. (nadar)
3. Yo _________ la cuenta. (pagar)
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Check your answers!
1. Mi amiga compró una camisa en Walmart ayer.
2. Ellos nadaron en la piscina el verano pasado.
3. Yo pagué la cuenta. (pagar)