Download - The Production and Invasion of Buddleja davidii in Oregon Julie Ream with Dr. James Altland
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The Production and Invasion of Buddleja davidii in Oregon
Julie Ream with Dr. James Altland
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Butterfly bush worldwide
• Grows on old industrial sites and bomb sites in England
• Problem on river bars, floodplains, and forest plantations in New Zealand
• Thrives on interstate medians and rivers in Washington state
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Butterfly bush in Oregon
• High value product in nursery, landscape, and retail garden industry
• B-listed as a noxious weed
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Why butterfly bush was listed
• Very invasive in certain riparian areas
• Grows on many roads in Oregon
• As big a problem as scotch broom for some foresters
• Thrives where nothing else grows
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My project goals
• To describe in detail the natural sites invaded by Buddleja davidii
• To determine nursery production practices that could limit or eliminate invasiveness
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Natural sites: materials and methods
• Site selection:
-Planned to do 3-4 sites of each type (riparian, roadside, natural area, old industrial area) in each geographic region
-Geographic regions included Portland metro area, Coos Bay area, Oakridge area, and rural North Willamette Valley
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Natural sites: materials and methods
• Marked out the area of each site using set guidelines
• Established 5 subplots per site for certain data questions
• Simply answered the other data questions
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Natural sites: observations
• Grows everywhere from floodplains to mountain slopes
• Appears to be a pioneering species• Densest invasions were on burn sites and
regularly disturbed sites• Grows mostly in rocky and sandy soils, but
found some in clay soils• Herbicides control it if applied by hand
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Natural sites: resultsOverall density of bushes vs. type of site
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Natural Area Old Industrial Riparian Roadside
Total
Drop Page Fields Here
Average of Overall Density of Bushes (bushes/m2)
Type of Site
Drop More Series Fields Here
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Natural sites: results
Density of immature bushes vs. % cover
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0 20 40 60 80
Cover (%)
Den
sity
of
imm
atur
e bu
shes
(b
ushe
s/m
2)
Density of Immature Bushes(bushes/m2)
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Nursery production: materials and methods
• Visited both retail (9) and production (10) nurseries
• Asked about management practices
• Looked for and collected escaped seedlings
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Nursery production: observations
• Nurseries that did not cut back over winter had more escaped seedlings
• Loose cuttings rooted themselves
• Most nurseries with escapees were wholesale/production operations
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Nursery production: results
• Determined that 37% of nurseries I visited had escaped seedlings
• Of those 37%, 71% were production nurseries
Nurseries with escaped seedlings (%)
37%
63%
Total % withescapees
Total % w/oescapees
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More to be done
• Visit more nurseries and more natural sites
• Herbicide trials
• Seed tests
-when seeds are released
-how far wind blows seeds from mother plant
-if seeds need heat to germinate
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Acknowledgements• HHMI Program• OAN and the Nursery
Industry• Dr. Mark Wilson of Botany
and Plant Pathology Dept.• Rod Jordan of Moore Mills
Timber Co.• Jim Carr of Menasha Forest
Products• Portland Parks and
Recreation
• Dr. James Altland of Horticulture Dept.
• Steve Wickham of Plum Creek Forest Products
• Wanda Crannell, BRR advisor
• Tim Butler and Glenn Miller of the ODA
• The Nature Conservancy• Bruce Kelpsas of Helena
Chemical Company