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The Renaissance
Moves
NorthObjectives:
-To analyze the contributions of the Northern Renaissance artists, thinkers and innovators-To assess the impact of the printing press.
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Albrecht Dürer • Albrecht Dürer traveled to Italy in 1494 to study the techniques of the Italian masters.
• Returning to Germany he employed these methods in paintings and, especially, in engravings.
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Peasant and His Wife
• In this form of art, an artist etches a design on a metal plate with acid.
• The artist then uses the plate to make prints.
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• Like the Italian artists of the Renaissance, Durer tried to achieve a standard of ideal beauty that was based on a careful examination of the human form.
“Feet of An
Apostle”
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Hands
of
Horus
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“German Leonardo”
• Through his art and his essays, Dürer helped spread Italian Renaissance ideas in his homeland.
• Due to his interests that extended far beyond art, he is sometimes called the “German Leonardo.”
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Northern Humanists
• Northern European humanists, like Italian humanists, stressed education and classical learning.
• At the same time, they still emphasized religious themes.
• The revival of ancient learning was believed to bring about moral and religious reform- this was different than the Southern European humanists who did not stress religion.
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The summit of happiness is reached when a person is ready to be what he is.
–Erasmus
• What does this quote mean?
• How can you relate this to your life?
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The Dutch:
Erasmus
• Desiderius Erasmus, the great Dutch priest and humanist wrote a new Greek edition of the New Testament.
• He also called for a translation of the Bible into the vernacular, or everyday language of ordinary people.
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• What is our vernacular?
• What are words that you use that are unique to your generation or group of friends?
• What are the benefits of information in your language?
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• To Erasmus an individual’s chief duties were to be open-minded and of good will toward others.
• He was disturbed by corruption in the Church and called for reform.
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More• Erasmus’s friend, the English humanist Thomas
More, also pressed for social reform.
• In Utopia, More describes an ideal society in which men and women live in peace and harmony.
• No one is ideal, all are educated, and justice is used to end crime rather than to eliminate the criminal.
• Today, the word utopian has come to describe an ideal society.
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• Why do you think that peasants would like the book Utopia?
• What song(s) can you think of that reflects the ideas of Utopia?
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Rabelais
• Had a varied career as a monk, physician, Greek scholar, and author.
• Gargantua and Pantagruel, chronicles the adventures of two gentle giants.
• On the surface the novel is a comic tale of travel and war.
• But Rabelais uses his characters to offer opinion on religion, education, and other serious subjects.
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• What shows today are comical but offer their opinions about serious subjects?
• Why would someone want to or need to hide their opinions in comedy?
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Shakespeare
• Poet and playwright
• Between 1590 & 1613, he wrote 37 plays that are still performed around the world.
• He wrote comedies, historic plays, tragedies
• Shakespeare’s love of words vastly enriched the English language.
• More than 1,700 words appeared for the first time in his works, including bedroom, lonely, generous, gloomy, heartsick, hurry, and sneak.
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Have you seen Shakespeare?
The following modern movies are loosely based on famous
Shakespearean works…• The Lion King
• 10 Things I Hate About You and Deliver Us From Eva
• She’s the Man/Mulan/ Big Momma
• “O”
• West Side Story/Teen Beach Movie
HamletThe Taming of the Shrew
The Twelfth NightOthelloRomeo and Juliet
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Cervantes
• Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes mocks the romantic notions of medieval chivalry.
• Don Quixote is a foolish but idealistic knight that seeks to be a hero but finds that the time of the knight has ended.
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The 13 Most Influential Inventions
in History•Harnessing/Applying
Electricity •The computer•The internet
•The steam engine• Steel
• Gunpowder• The atomic bomb
• The car• Radio
• Telephone• Television
•The printing press
• What do you think the most influential inventions have been?
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The Printing Revolution
• Methods of making paper had reached Europe from China about 1300.
• The Chinese and Koreans had been using moveable type for centuries.
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• Johann Gutenberg of Germany, printed a complete edition of the Bible using movable type metal type on a machine called a printing press.
• The use of this invention TRANSFORMED EUROPE!!!!!
• Prior to the printing press books were written by hand and were very expensive- taking between 6 months and a year to write just one book.
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Immense Changes• Printed books were cheaper
than hand copied books.• More people learned to read.• Readers gained access to a
variety of subjects.• Exposed educated Europeans
to new ideas.• Contributes to the religious
turmoil that swept Europe in the 1500s.