The Road to 9/11Ideology and History
Wahhabism
• Mohammad ibn Abdul Wahhab (1703- 1792)
• Pure Islam- Elimination of innovation
• Basis for Saudi Arabia
Abdul Aziz Saud• 1876-1953
• Embraced Wahhabism
• September 22, 1932- The only modern state founded by Jihad
Muslim Brotherhood
• Hasan Al Banna (1906-1942) founds in 1920
• Return to power thru strict adherence to Islam
• Leadership imprisoned by Nasser
Hassan Al Banna
Sayyed Qutb
• Qutb (1906-1966) Wrote Signposts or Milestones
• Beliefs
– Violence against non-believers
– Radical Action to gain Power
• All impure governments must be overthrown
Qutb
Brothers• Mohammad Qutb- Taught at King Aziz
• Abdullah Azzam- Spritual founder of Hamas
• Ayman Al- Zawarhi- Al- Qaeda’s #2
The Bros.
Al-Zawarhi Abdullah Azzam
Who supports Fundamentalism?
*The Poor
*Uneducated
*Those who oppose the government
Why do they support it?
*Failure of Pan-Arabism
*Poverty
See failure as result of leaving the straight path
How do they get support?
*Oppose the government
*Provide social services: Madrsas
*Common enemy: US Israel
1979
• Iran- Ayatollah Khomeni
• Islamabad- Steve Crowley
• Attack on Kabba Mecca
Afghanistan• Mohammad Daoud- Seizes Power
7/17/1973
• He cracks down the Islamists.
• This creates resistance
Here They Come• April 1978 Daoud Arrests Communists
• He was shot and communists take over.
• 12/24/1979 Soviet Union invades to support communist government
Mujahdeen• Fighters in the Cause of God.
• Group of Many competing warlords.
• Pakistan and Saudi Arabia back Muslim Brotherhood Proxy fighters
The Jihad• The U.S. will back Afghan leaders such
as Massoud and Haq.
• Stingers Missiles turn tide of the battle.
• Soviets in their ‘Vietnam’
Soviets lose• April 14, 1988 Geneva Withdrawal of
troops
• February 15, 1989 Last Soviet Troops leave
• January 1, 1992 All aid the Afghanistan cut off
Taliban• Students of Islam or Seekers of
Knowledge
• Take over Afghanistan September 27, 1996
• Institute strict Islamic laws
Mullah Omar
• Lost right eye in Jihad
• Leader of the Taliban
• Blows up Buddhist statues
Mullah Omar