Download - The Road to the American Revolution
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The Road to the American Revolution
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Causes
• Enlightenment Political Ideology
• The French and Indian War
• Taxation (without representation)
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The Enlightenment
CopernicusGalileo Newton
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Enlightenment Political Science
John Locke
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The Social Contract
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The Enlightenment and American Colonists
Puritans in Massachusetts
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The Enlightenment and American Colonists
Catholics in Maryland
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The Enlightenment and American Colonists
Secondand
Third Sons
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The Enlightenment and American Colonists
Paroled Prisoners and DebtorsIn Georgia
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The Enlightenment and American Colonists
Scots-Irish
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The Enlightenment and American Colonists
Quakers and
Germans in
Pennsylvania
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A history of constitutional law and self-government
1215—The Magna Carta
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A history of constitutional law and self-government
1619—The Virginia House of Burgesses
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A history of constitutional law and self-government
1620—The Mayflower Compact
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150 years of ‘salutary neglect’
• A history of religious tolerance– Massachusetts Charter of 1691– The Great Awakening– Quaker revival
• A history of literacy and free speech– Puritans established schools– Harvard, William and Mary, Yale– Poor Richard’s Almanac– John Peter Zenger and freedom of the press
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Enlightenment Political Thinking1. Fundamental God-given rights and the
social contract (John Locke)2. Colonists who came from disaffected
groups (Puritans, Primogeniture, Prisoners, Poor)
3. A history of constitutional law and self-government (Magna Carta, Representative Assemblies, Mayflower Compact)
4. A history of freedom of religion, speech, and the press
5. A history of education and literacy
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Causes
• Enlightenment Political Ideology
• The French and Indian War
• Taxation (without representation)
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The French and Indian War1754-1763
Colonel George WashingtonVirginia Militia, British Army
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Fort Necessity
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Washington forced to surrender
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British defeats indicate they can be beaten
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War debt—pounds and promises
William Pitt
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Effects of the Treaty of Paris• England gains French territory in N. America
• Indians lose French support against English colonists
• Pontiac begins attacking English settlements. While he is eventually defeated—lasting tension between indians and English colonists remains in the region
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The Proclamation of 1763• No settlement allowed west of Appalachians
• Convinced Americans that their government was insensitive to their needs
• Convinced Americans that their government could not enforce its orders
• 10,000 British troops left in colonies for “protection”—to be paid for by the colonists
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The French and Indian War1754-1763
• Part of a world war
• British win in North America
• French disappear as a threat to colonists
• Raises doubts in America about England
• Raises doubts and debts in England
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Causes
• Enlightenment Political Ideology
• The French and Indian War
• Taxation (without representation)
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1763-1775A Series of Unfortunate Events
Cause Effect Cause Effect
Action Reaction Action Reaction
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Cause: Sugar Act of 1764• Taxed imported molasses• Prohibited imported rum• Required a clearance certificate for cargoes of
both• Stiffened penalties for bribing customs officials• Gave blanket probable cause for seizure
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Effect: Protests and Boycotts
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Cause: Quartering Act and Stamp Act of 1765
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Effect: Stamp Act Congress and the Sons of Liberty
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Colonists maintain clear, consistent position--
only colonial assemblies have right to tax them
because they have no representation in Parliament
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Effect: Stamp Act Repealed
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Cause: Declaratory and Townshend Acts (1766,1767)
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Effect: Massachusetts Colonial Assembly calls colonies to
“unite for the common defense”
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Effect: Assembly dissolved andJohn Hancock’s ship seized
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Effect: Tax Officials Chased Away, Troops Called In
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John Adams
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Cause: Declaratory and Townshend Acts (1766,1767)
Townshend Acts Dissolve AssemblyCall to Arms
Chase away commissioners
Call for troops(1768)
Boston Massacre
(1770)
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Lord North takes over from
Lord Townshend
Lord NorthLord Townshend
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Gaspee Incident 1772
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The Boston Tea Party--1773
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1st Continental Congress1774
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The Suffolk Resolves
• Denounced the Intolerable Acts
• Urged the formation of minutemen
• Called for suspension of trade with Britain
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Lexington and Concord--1775