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The Swedish Experience
Brics-workshopAalborg 13th Feb 2006
Dr Per Eriksson,
Director General VINNOVA Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems
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Knowledge Based Economy and Global Competitiveness
• The economy is becoming more and more knowledge based and global
• The European Union has set the goal to become the world's most dynamic knowledge based economy
• This makes R&D very important, but R&D has to be strongly linked to business need, need-driven R&D
• Socially sustainable growth is very important in Sweden
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R&D expenditure in relation to GDP 2001
0,0% 0,5% 1,0% 1,5% 2,0% 2,5% 3,0% 3,5% 4,0% 4,5% 5,0%
Israel (2002)
Sweden
Finland
Japan
Korea
United States (2003)
Switzerland
Germany (2002)
Denmark
France (2002)
Belgium
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Canada (2002)
Norway
New Zealand
Ireland
Universities & colleges
Government organisations
Business sector
Source: OECD MSTI, 2004
Per cent of GDP
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Governmental Funding Agencies
Research CouncilScience driven research
VINNOVA Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems
Need-driven research and development
NutekRegional development
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Research and Innovation
Research: Money transformation toKnowledge & Competence
Innovation: Knowledge & Competence
transformation to Money
Developing innovation system is to make above efficient, i.e. to make investment in R&D profitable. Identify bottlenecks and possibilities.
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An innovation system is the network and
interplay of public and private institutions
in which production, distribution and use of
new knowledge and technology take place.
Most innovations from interplay, up to 9 of 10!
Innovation system
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Region B
Region C
Innovation System perspectives
Region A
SectorI
SectorII
SectorIII
National
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GovernmentPublic sector
Business University
Depending Actor Groups
Knowledge based economy
From PPP, Public Private Partnership,To Public Private Univ. Partnership,
i.e. Triple Helix
Triple Helix
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Different University Culture and History
Humboldt university (“old European way”)
Priests, Teachers, Lawyers, Civil Servants
Entrepreneurial university (“American way”)
Engineers, Agricultural, Medicine
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Swedish National Innovation System Characteristics:
• The economy strongly internationally linked
• The big international companies dominates the R&D-system
• SME invest very little in R&D
• Universities dominates the public R&D-system and they have a third task, to cooperate with companies and society
• Small sector of Research-institutes
• Government invests very little R&D-money in companies outside the military sector
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Innovations
- Process InnovationsOften big companies and no new jobs
- Product and Service InnovationOften SME and new jobs
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Mission for VINNOVA
Promote sustainable growth
by financing need-driven R&D and developing innovation systems
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VINNOVA’s challengeLong-term economic growth in Sweden is not strong, despite large investments in R&D
Increasing returns on Swedish R&D investments is one of VINNOVA’s challenges
Matching money from companies, co-operative research, need-driven R&D
A new SBIR-like program is needed and introduced
From S&T push to more market driven R&D
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Sectorial Research & Innovation System Programs, matching money from companies
Information & Communication Technology
Biotech, Life science
Manufacturing and Materials
Transport system, Automotive
Working Life Science
Triple Helix Composed Decision Boards
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National Research & Innovation System Programs
Center of Excellence in Research & InnovationCo-financed: VINNOVA – Industry – University
SBIR, Small Business Innovation Research
Incubators & seed financing, start-ups
Universities in Innovation Systems, Key Actors pr.
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Programs for Regional Research & Innovation Systems
VINNVÄXT (WIN Growth) a new program
Competitive Regions (by letting the regions compete)
Cooperative, Triple Helix and regional based, R&D
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The Swedish Experience
Brics-workshopAalborg 13th Feb 2006
Per Eriksson,
Director General VINNOVA Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems
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The Fundament of Growth
Work places Work places with a with a market market outside of outside of the regionthe region Infrastructure
Local Local private private servicesservices
Local Local publicpublicservicesservices
Children, eldery people etc Children, eldery people etc
KarlskronaKarlskrona
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Efficient innovation systems
Interaction between• Business• Research• Policy/Public Sector
Sustainable growth requires interaction between business, research, and policy/the public sector – Triple Helix. Entrepreneurs moves between these actor groups
The interactions result in new products, services, and processes.
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GovernmentPublic sector
Business University
Depending Actor Groups
Knowledge based economy
From PPP, Public Private Partnership,To Public Private Univ. Partnership,
i.e. Triple Helix
Triple Helix
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The Swedish Experience
Brics-workshopAalborg 13th Feb 2006
Per Eriksson,
Director General VINNOVA Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems