Download - The Underhand Ape
The Underhand ape
Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria
Syllabus
• Introduction• What induces people to become
corrupt?• The state of corruption around the
world• How can we fight corruption?• Conclusion
Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria
What is corruption?
Introduction
• Corruption is a plague raging since antiquity
• Corruption is the use of legislated powers by officials for illegitimate private gain
• Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion,cronyism, nepotism, patronage, graft, and embezzlement
Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria
Introduction
• This drain on society is the direct cause of the abandon of thousands of projects all around the world
• This is why we should fight it, and in order to fight it, we first have to understand it
• A lot of studies have been conducted to determine the reasons and some solutions to this phenomenon
Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria
What induces people to become corrupt ?
Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria
What induces people to become corrupt ?
• Power :
✦ Empowered people are prone to cheating
✦ Power influences the way we think and makes us hypocritical
✦ People cheat but don’t accept others to cheat
✦ Its effect is comparable to alcohol and causes some kind of «moral myopia»
Civil war in the 16th century in france ( the aristrocratic clans)
Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria
What induces people to become corrupt ?
• Psychological distance and the role of intermediaries:
✦ The intermediary removes uncertainty, creates an illusion of shared responsability and reduces the risk of punishment
• Cultural contagion :✦ People from countries where corruption is at high level are
more likely to engage in bribery
Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria
how is Corruption spread around the world ?
Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria
The state of corruption around the world
0
3
5
8
10
Corruption Perceptions Index, Transparency International, 2010
Denmark(1) New Zealand(1)Singapore(1) Finland(4)Sweden(4) Australia(8)UK(20) US(22)Iraq(175) Afghanistan(176)Burma(176) Somalia(178)
Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria
How can we fight corruption ?
Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria
How can we fight corruption ?
• Education :✦ Graduate people in countries with high corruption scores tend to
be more honest than their undergraduate compatriots
The Arab Spring and The Outraged
• Social disapproval :✦ People cheat less when they feel they are supervised or when there
is a punishment that could be inflicted
Ostracism and Incarceration
Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria
How can we fight corruption ?
• Various anti-corruption measures :
✦ Audits : most effective✦ Anonymous complaints✦ Grassroots measures : less successful
Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria
Conclusion
• Powerful people are the one we should be most worried about
• Democratic control must be applied in order to restrict the power
• Everyone should recognise his corruptibility
• >> Nobody is immune !! <<
Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria
«To be human is to be corrupt,
but that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t fight it»
Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria
Thank You
Sefrioui Mohamed Zakaria