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Mapping of Rift valley fever risk areas in Somaliland
Thesis STVS
BY: Osman Abdulahi FarahRoll number: STVS/0087Supervisor Dr. Ismail kan
introduction
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a per acute or acute disease of domestic animals in Africa and Madagascar, caused by a mosquito- borne virus and characterized hepatitis and haemorrhagic state, but infection are frequently in apparent or mild, RVF affect sheep, goat, cattle camel, Wild ruminants, buffaloes and human.
introduction
RVF is a member of the phlebovirus of the Family Bunyaviriadae. It is spread by the bite of infected mosquitoes, typically the Aedes or Culex genera.
The mode of RVF virus transmission may be vector-borne, or from direct contact with body fluids of infected animals.
Signs of disease is anorexia, photophobia weakness and excessive salivation, but Human, comma, muscle pain, ocular discharge
General and Specific Objectives
The general objectives of this mini thesis is to show areas of risk of rift valley fever in Somaliland
Specific is To indicate high risk areas in Somaliland regions by using ArcGIS software.
To indicate prevalence of surveyed four regions
Table 1: Structure of the different administrative levels of sampling
Included in the above administrative level
Region District Location Sites
Total 4 12 30 900
Mode Nill 164 30 313
Average 225 75 30 331
Range 198 134 5 38
Material and Methods
Table 2: List of relevant variables included in the database along with the number of observations available
Variable Number of samples for which it was recorded
% of samples for which it was recorded
Localization
Region 900 100%
District 900 100%
Location 900 100%
Site 900 100%
Species
Goat 456 51%
Sheep 444 49%
Age 1-5
Sex
Male 356 40%
Female 544 60%
Material and Methods
Material and Methods
Data Collection The input of data was obtained from SAHSP office in
Hargeisa, where relevant information was expected to be available
Data Management and Analysis Data from SAHSP were managed and entered into
databases by using ArcGIS version 9.3.1 due to short time of study. For the statistical analysis the software Stata IC/11Also were used data input of excel Microsoft.
Administrative structure of Somaliland
The Somaliland administrative structure has frequently been subject to Modification, to this serological study of mapping RVF there are 4 regions composed of (12) districts.
Each region composed 30 locations and out of this four districts were collected 900 samples.
RESULTS
Regions
Number of samples collected in each region and % of the whole survey
Prevalence with 95% Confidence Intervals
Hargeisa 60 (7%) 0.15 (0.05-0.25)
Sanaag 318 (35%) 0.116352201 (0.11-0.15)
Sool 270 (30%) 0.1858185185 (0.18-0.25)
Togdheer 252 (28%) 0.107142827 (0.10-0.14)
Total 900 0.1367 (0.13-0.15)
RESULTS
Map 5 shows Somaliland Rift Valley Risk Areas
RESULTS
Map3 shows Rift Valley Risk sites serological status
DISCUSSION
the study has shown that the sool(0.18.5) and Maroodi jeex(0.15) are the highest risk areas of rift Valley fever disease compared to other regions such as Sanaag(0.11.6) and Togdheer(0.10.7) with CI respectively,
DISCUSSION
prevalence of RVF in four surveyed regions in Somaliland with their interval confidence respectively, shows that Sool 0.18%, (0.18-0.25,
Hargiesa 0.15%(0.05-0.25) Sanaag 0.11.6% (0.11-0.15),Togdheer 0.10.%(0.10-0.14),
CONCLUSION
This study was aimed at producing by mapping risk areas of RVF disease in Somaliland regions, so that it can help to improve the management and control of RVF vector in those four regions, although the environment drivers that determine the life cycle of the vector with high risks as result of this study of mapping using arcGIS, like Sool, Sanaag and Togdheer regions.
Recommendation
Based on finding of this study of mapping risk areas four of Somaliland regions, following recommendations were given as follows
Ministry of livestock and local NGO’s should develop the capacity to use ArcGIS technologies for the effective identification ecological of mosquito born disease in those regions.
Those four regions were at risk to RVF, so insecticides should be provided to avoid human.