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SPEAKERS
Erik Swanson U.S. Business Development Manager – 3M
Tom Campbell Global Product Manager – Brady
3M Personal Safety Division (PSD)
3M is a trademark of 3M Company. © 2013 3M. All Rights Reserved.
3M™ Fall Protection
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
What is Fall Protection?
Reducing or eliminating damage to people and property that can result from falls or falling objects.
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Why Fall Protection?
Every year since 1992, 500 to 746 US workers died from injuries caused by falls to a lower level.
Fall protection was the most frequently cited OSHA violation in 2013.
The average cost of a fall to a lower level is $85,500 per case.
Over 55,860 workers were injured in 2012, most couldn’t work for 16 days because of the injuries. Sources: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, OSHA
Liberty Mutual Safety Index 2013
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
574 US workers died in falls to a lower level in 2013
1 to 2 US workers die each day
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics 2010, 2014
44 fatal falls (7.6%)n 2013 were caused by structural or equipment collapses
69 fatal falls (12%) were through a surface like a skylight or an open hatch
3 of every 5 fatal falls were from 20 ft. or less
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Why Fall Protection?
Human Reaction Time and Physics Average human reaction time: 0.2 - 0.7 seconds In 0.7 seconds a body will free fall 8 feet. After 8 feet of free fall you are traveling at 15 mph. Stopping a 220lbs. person moving 15 mph.
in 1 inch (falling with straight legs) produces over 20,000lbs. of force.
in 2 feet (falling on bending legs) produces 880lbs. of force.
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Regulations, Standards and Best Practices
OSHA Sets and enforces minimum safety regulations for
worker safety in the US. ANSI Z359 Industry consensus standard
Testing, Performance, Strength, Labeling etc. Comprehensive Managed Fall Protection Program
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Recognizing Fall Hazards: Trigger Heights
According to OSHA, whenever you are exposed to an unprotected opening or surface that could fail to support you, the trigger heights are:
4 feet and above for General Industry 6 feet and above for Construction
Whenever there is a hazard below.
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
How do you protect yourself? Hierarchy of Controls
1. Eliminate the need to go to heights (Engineer out hazard)
2. Set up a physical barrier to prevent a fall (Prevention)
3. Restrain the end-user from reaching a fall hazard (Restraint)
4. Fall Arrest 5. Administrative controls to warn people of the
hazard
Active Fall Protection
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Active Fall Protection
Fall Restraint Fall Arrest
Work Positioning
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Active Fall Protection
Fall Arrest – A system designed to reduce the impact forces during fall arrest to an acceptable level as defined by product performance standards and regulatory requirements.
Impact forces are reduced by an
energy absorber worn by the user.
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Active Fall Protection
Fall Restraint – designed to prevent the user from reaching a fall hazard.
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Positioning – allows user to work/rest at height without having to hold on with their hands
Active Fall Protection
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
ABCDs of Active Fall Protection
A = Anchorage Systems B = Body Support (Harness) C = Connecting Devices D = Descent/Rescue/Escape
Remember to have a rescue plan!
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
• Non-Certified Anchorage strength requirements: • 5,000 lbs. Fall Arrest • 3,000 lbs. Work
Positioning/Rescue/Restraint • 1,000 lbs Restraint (ANSI)
• A Certified Anchorage is designed, installed and used
under the supervision of a qualified person as part of complete personal fall arrest system which maintains a safety factor of at least two times maximum anticipated force.
Anchorage
3M Confidential
• An anchorage, as defined by OSHA, is a secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices.
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Body Support
Full Body Harnesses are used to distribute fall arrest forces across the shoulders, upper thighs, chest and pelvis. They feature a center back fall arrest attachment (dorsal D-ring) for connection to the fall arrest connecting device, and may have other D-rings for use in worker positioning, travel restraint, retrieval or ladder climbing. They’re also the only form of body wear acceptable for fall arrest, and should be selected based on the work to be performed and the work environment. Body Belts circle the waist and are used for worker positioning and travel restraint. They are used in conjunction with a full body harness. A body belt must NEVER be used for personal fall arrest.
3M Confidential
No!
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Connectors, such as energy absorbing lanyards or self-retracting lanyards, attach the worker’s harness to the anchorage. Types will vary depending on whether the worker needs personal fall arrest or work positioning and travel restriction:
Connecting Devices
3M Confidential
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Body Support
Consideration factors before selecting: Budget D-ring configuration Hardware Size
3M Confidential
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Special Harnesses & Accessories
Heavier Capacity Harness Specialty Harnesses D-Ring Extenders Rescue Step (suspension trauma strap)
XXXL sizes Welding Applications
Rescue Step
D-Ring Extender
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Harness Size Selection & Weight
Universal harnesses fit 90% of the population Harness sizing charts Consider total working weight including
clothing, tools, etc.
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Important Points
Wear your harness snugly, A loose harness may cause: Bodily injury Fall out of harness Choking
Harness should be 100% on or 100% off. Remember, never use a body belt for fall
arrest!
No!
No!
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Self Retracting Devices (SRDs) How they work Types and applications Advantages
Sealed
SRL
Personal SRL
Dual-leg Personal SRL
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Connecting Devices – Retractables
Consideration factors before selecting: SRL vs. Lanyard
Fall clearance Cost
Work environment Cable Web
Single leg vs. dual leg
3M Confidential
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
The core range of self-retracting lanyards includes: 7 ft. web to 50 ft. stainless steel cable lanyards Durably designed to be used in harsh
environments such as construction, roofing, mining and petroleum industries
Housing options available in impact modified nylon, polymer or aluminum
Manufactured with 3,600 lb. gate-rated hardware, and meets the requirements of ANSI Z359.12-2009 standards
Extend the service life of the product through the 3M™ Retractable Repair Program
3M Confidential
Connecting Devices – Retractables
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Connecting Devices – Retractables
ReLoad™ Series – 7 to 50 ft. web/cable MS Series – 11 ft. web RLD Series - 10 to 50 ft. cable
3M Confidential
ReLoad MS-11 RLD
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Connecting Devices – Retractables
6.5 ft. clearance required
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Connecting Devices – Lanyards Consideration factors before selecting: Clearance Work environment
Web vs. cable
Energy Absorber External vs. internal
Application/task – connecting hooks Single leg vs. dual leg (100% tie-off) Work area – length 3 ft. vs. 6 ft.
3M Confidential
SafeLight
SafeAbsorb XTRA
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Connecting Devices – Lanyards
SafeLight – Economy SafeAbsorb – Mid Range SafeAbsorb XTRA Expandable – Premium
3M Confidential
SafeLight SafeAbsorb SafeAbsorb XTRA
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Connecting Devices – Lanyards
12-ft Free Fall Heavy worker
Tie-back
Welding
Standard 6-ft. Free Fall
Dual-leg, stretchable
Positioning
Adjustable length
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Connector Components: Snaphooks/Carabiners
5,000 lbs. breaking strength 2 movements to open Self-closing and self-locking
Gate Strength 3,600lbs.
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Connector Components: Snaphooks/Carabiners
Compatible vs. Incompatible Connections
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Connector Components: Energy Absorbers
Maximum Weight Capacity
Maximum Free Fall
Maximum Arresting Force
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Avoiding Contact with the Lower Level….
3M Confidential
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Required Considerations for Active Fall Protection Systems
Inspection Clearance Swing fall Rescue
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Anchorage Connectors
Roofing Concrete Pipe and I-Beam Steel
Fixed vs. mobile Permanent, temporary or reusable
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Ladder Safety System
Any fixed ladder that exceeds 24 ft. must have fall protection. Traditionally ladder cages have been used, however they can cause injuries in the event of a fall. Benefits of a ladder safety system include: • Safer than cages in the event of a fall • Easier and less costly to install and maintain than ladder cages
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Self-Trailing Rope Grab
Applications Clearance Safe Practices
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Static Rope Grab
Applications: Restraint/ Fall Arrest
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
12-foot Free Fall Lanyards Heavy Worker Lanyards
12 –foot FF lanyards require 19 feet of clearance measured from the standing surface.
Heavy Worker Lanyards
require 19 feet of clearance as measured from the anchorage point that is shoulder height or above.
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Leading Edge Retractables (SRL-LE)
Applications Clearance Special considerations
Energy Absorber
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Rescue and Escape
OSHA 1926.502 (d) (20):
The employer shall provide for prompt rescue of employees in the event of a fall or shall assure that employees are able to rescue themselves.
OSHA 1910.66 (e)(v)(8):
The employer shall provide for prompt rescue of employees in the event of a fall or shall assure the self-rescue capability of employees.
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Rescue at Heights: Simple, Safe, Planned and Practiced
Hierarchy Self Rescue
Climb to safety Use a Personal Rescue Device (PRD)
Assisted Rescue, Rescue with an aerial work platform Simple rope rescue Professional standby rescue
Never Cut Never Improvise Be Prepared and Practice
3M™ Fall Protection – The Height of Confidence
Suspension Trauma Prolonged suspension in a
harness can cause death
Orthostatic intolerance may be defined as “the development of symptoms such as light-headedness, palpitations, tremulousness, poor concentration, fatigue, nausea, dizziness, headache, sweating, weakness and occasionally fainting during upright standing”. “Research indicates that suspension in a fall arrest device can result in unconsciousness, followed by death, in less than 30 minutes.”
Rescue must be prompt because of the Hazards of suspension
trauma
A 3M Rescue Step™ may help to reduce the effects of suspension trauma and may increase tolerable suspension time.
Lockout / Tagout – Purpose
To protect workers involved in the maintenance and servicing of equipment from the dangerous effects of hazardous energy. This is achieved by isolating and locking or tagging out all hazardous energy sources.
NOTE: Normal production operations are not covered under the LO/TO standard. Those activities are covered under the OSHA 1910 Subpart O, Machine Guarding Standard.
Lockout or Tagout – Which one when?
LOCKOUT Placing lock(s) on an energy isolating
device making it physically impossible for anyone to operate it or the equipment being controlled until the lock is removed. Required when isolating devices are capable of being locked out.
TAGOUT Placing a tag on an energy isolating
device to warn others that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled should not be operated. Appropriate if isolating device cannot be locked out.
Lockout or Tagout – Which one when?
LOCKOUT Placing lock(s) on an energy isolating
device making it physically impossible for anyone to operate it or the equipment being controlled until the lock is removed. Required when isolating devices are capable of being locked out.
TAGOUT Placing a tag on an energy isolating
device to warn others that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled should not be operated. Appropriate if isolating device cannot be locked out.
Lockout / Tagout – Who is Responsible?
Authorized Employees Perform lockout / tagout activities to subsequently service or maintain the equipment
Affected Employees Work in or around the equipment where servicing or maintenance is occurring but do not have responsibility for locking the equipment out
Employer Responsibility: The employer is ultimately responsible Employee Training Retraining Requirements Contractors
Elements of a Comprehensive Equipment Lockout Safety Program
5-Step Best Practice Approach:
1. Create company-wide energy control policy
2. Create machine-specific lockout procedures
3. Identify and mark all energy control points
4. Train employees and promote awareness of safe work practices
5. Equip employees with the proper lockout tools and warning devices
Steps 1 & 2: Company Policy & Equipment Procedures
Step 1: Policy • Written guide to help the employer properly
implement OSHA CFR 1910.147 in the workplace
https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/controlhazardousenergy/program.html
Step 2: Equipment-Specific Procedures Make Them Visual • Intuitive • Expedient • Workforce Turnover • Contractors • Written Instruction Limitations
Step 3: Identify Energy Isolation Points
Valves, switches, breakers, plugs Utilize Tags, Signs & Labels Add Energy Source ID Messages Consider DIY Industrial Label Printers
Locate & identify all points
Step 4: Train Your Employees
Training Videos Training Posters Procedure Station Warning Signs Floor Stands Barricades OSHA website
Osha.gov
Training & Communication Tools
Step 5: Provide Proper L/O Products
1. Durable
2. Standardized
3. Substantial
4. Identifiable
LO/TO Product Requirements
Step 5: Brady Safety Padlocks
• Compact & lightweight • Key-retaining functionality • Nonconductive, non-spark • Durable & shock-resistant • Exclusive worker control • 9 colors • Available KA or KD • Key charting and laser
engraving options • Compact version also
available
• Color-anodized bodies ideal for safety lockout
• Same reserved keyway as nylon safety locks
• Excellent corrosion resistance
• Greater physical security • 9 colors • Key-retaining option also
available
• Greater physical security • Unique key-retaining
functionality ideally suited for safety lockout
• Color-coded bumpers • Available KA or KD
Nylon Safety Padlocks Laminated Steel Padlocks Aluminum Padlocks
Step 5: Lockout Tool & Warning Devices
Typical Usage Concerns
Versatility
Durability
Ease of use
Portability / compact storage
Security (positive restraint)
Common Devices
Electrical (Circuit Breaker / Plug) Lockouts
Valve (Gate/Ball/Plug/Butterfly Lockouts
Cable Lockouts
Equipment Control Switches & E-Stops (Safety Covers)
Electrical Lockouts
Circuit Breaker Lockouts Broadest line available Fit a wide range of breaker sizes Easy application – thumbwheel operation Helpful circuit breaker reference guide
Circuit Breaker Lockout Reference Guide
Circuit Breaker LO Device Application Video
Cable Lockouts
Multi-Purpose Cable Lockouts • Flexible use on gate valves, electrical disconnect switches, panels and more • Push button self-winding mechanism on mini-cable lockout retracts into body; cinches cable tight
All Purpose Cable Lockout Mini Cable Lockout
Hasps & Tags
Steel Lockout Hasps Vinyl-coated high tensile steel with
rust-resistant plating
Standard Tags Heavy Duty (encapsulated, erasable) Polyester Cardstock
HD and Poly tags meet OSHA’s 50 lb. pull test for use as Tagout devices Wide variety of legends, languages Photo ID tags are also available
Group Lockout and Kits
Lockout Kits / Application Circuit Breaker Electrical Valve Combination
Group Lockout Variety of sizes and constructions
available based on application needs
Additional Resources
New LO/TO eBook http://forms.bradyid.com/LotoEBook
Circuit Breaker Lockout Reference Guide
Safety Padlocks Corrosion Whitepaper
Safety Padlocks Brochure
Lockout Equipment Checklist
Technical Data Sheets for more than 70 lockout devices
Lockout Device Installation Videos
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