Download - Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
1/214Publ
icDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
2/214
MENT,
C., August1943.
hangedas follows:
nhandling.
C1, Aug1943.)
ARYOFWAR:
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
3/214
RDEPARTMENT,
N,July3,1942.
graphs
3
fammunition.
munition40-57
75
-87
g,andpreservation.
precautions111-113
nce119-132
33-139
efiring145-153
defenses154
points..155-157
funserviceableammunition158-173
I'M9-1900,September8,1941,includingTrainingCircularsNos.
t,1942.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
4/214
3
alispublishedforthe informationand
nnelhavingtodo withammunition.
andlingofammunitionshouldbecome
sprovisions.
manualare applicabletoallArmy
ations,exceptordnanceestablishments
he ChiefofOrdnance,wherethere-
ceSafetyManual(O.O.Form7224)will
oncontainedhereinisofageneraltech-
eseveraltypesofammunition,theirgen-
nsofidentification,careinhandlinganduse,
,surveillanceandgrading,packingand
edestructionofdudsandunserviceable
mationconcerningspecifictypesofam-
chnicalManualsandFieldManualsdeal-
ichtheammunitionisused,or,inthe
sbombsandgrenadeswhichdonot re-
mationiscontainedin TechnicalManuals
nscontainingadditionalinformation,
dotherpertinentreferencesareincluded
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
5/214
5
hipment12
ammunition"asusedherein,unless
nderstoodtoincludeall militaryammuni-
eof.Itappliestomissilesdropped or
echnics,aswellasprojectilespropelledby
eralcharacteristicsandmethodsofuse,
othefollowingbasictypes:
oncartridgesandshotgunshellsused
andchemicalmissilesthrownbyhand
,or specialprojectors.
osiveminesusuallylaidinadvanceposi-
mechanizedattack.
xplosiveandchemicalammunitionused
wnastrenchmortars.
explosiveandchemicalammunition
ers.
dchemicalmissilesdesignedforrelease
tiondesignedtoproducebrilliantor
onorsignaling.
rdnomenclatureisestablishedinorder
ppliedby theOrdnanceDepartment
ifiedbyname.Thesenamesarepublished
eLists(SNL's).Thenomenclaturefor
shedinSNLgroupsP, R,S,andT.
he useofthisnomenclatureismanda-
ureisusedhereininall referencesto
mplesofrepresentativenomenclature
,M2.
fuze,PD,M48,75-mmgun.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
6/214
AL
withfuze,PD.M48,75-mmpack
155-mmhowitzer(adaptedfor
boosterM21).
eenbag),155-mmhowitzer
ound,M30,unfuzed(adaptedfornose
100orM106).
munitionisclassifiedaccordingtouse
k,ordrill.Ammunitionmayalsobeclassi-
ffiller, asexplosive,chemical,orinert.
hatwhichisused foreffect.Such
l-armsammunition)usuallyhasahigh
r.
providedfortraininginmarksman-
smallquantityoflowexplosivefiller
rge,orthefillermaybe inert.
videdforsalutingpurposesandfor
ojectile.
ionis usedfortraininginhandling
piece),andsimilar purposes.Itiscom-
eral.Everyitemofammunitionis
thepainting,marking(whichincludesthe
andaccompanyingdatacardsortags.
standardnomenclatureoftheitem,to-
r,completelyidentifiestheammunition.
ngandthe standardnomenclatureare
e typeorsuitableabbreviation
dditionalinformationasthemodel
ofthecannoninwhichtheitem isfired,
whicha separateloadingpropelling
kedontheammunitionbutisnot a
However,whenreferringtospecificam-
mentionthe lotnumberaswellas the
aparticulardesign,amodeldesigna-
ethemodelis classifiedasanadopted
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
7/214
8
onbecomesanessentialpartofthe
ndisincludedinthemarkingon theitem.
eyearinwhichthedesign wasadopted,
das themodeldesignation,forexample,
aruntilJuly 1,1925,itwasthe practice
heword"Mark,"abbreviated"Mk.,"
umeral,forexample,shell,HE,Mk.III.
modelwasindicatedby theadditionofMI
condbyMil, etc.Thepresentsystemof
tsoftheletterM followedbyanarabic
eindicatedbyaddingtheletterAand
als.ThusM2A1indicatesthefirstmodi-
hthe originalmodeldesignationwas
dizedforusebyboth ArmyandNavy
rsAN precedingthemodeldesignation.
,AN-Mk.19.
.Whenammunitionismanufactured
r,whichbecomesanessentialpartofthe
ordancewithpertinentspecifications.This
markedoneveryitemofammunitionunless
packingcontainers,andontheaccompany-
ortag.It isrequiredforall purposesof
ncondition,functioning,andaccidentsin
volved.Toprovideforthemost uniform
ponentsinanyonelot aremanufacturedun-
ditionsaspracticable.Forexample,inthe
alloftherounds inanyonelot consistof
mber (onetypeandoneweightzone).
er.
ber.
elot number.
A5-by8-inchcardprintedwith
dataconcerningtheitemanditscom-
munitiondatacard,ispackedineachpacking
r,inthe caseofbundlepacking,ineach
uired,assemblingandfiringinstructions
sideofthecard.Onrecentshipments,the
withthe ammunitionandonlyalimited
ththeshippingtickets.
a.Painting.Ammunitionis
to provide,bymeansofcolor,aready
totype.Thecolorschemeis asfollows:
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
8/214
AL
nd small-armsammunition:
ack
,yellow,orpurple,
e
heme-hasbeenthe sameasabove.A
nadoptedandbombsofrecentmanufacture
heopen(exceptchemicalbombs)willbe
ess,with1-inchcoloredbandsappearingat
hebodyanda %-inchinterruptedbandatthe
rofthe bandswillbeasfollows:
explosivefiller(demolition.
tation)Yellow
intedgrayandmarkedin accordancewith
ition,cartridgesdonotrequirepaint-
owever,arepaintedbrownwithmarking
ctivecolorband,as follows:
llow
green
gstenciledorstampedontheammuni-
ntainersincludesallinformationnecessary
n.Furtherinformationconcerningpaint-
undunderthespecifictypeinchapter-2
.
onismanufacturedtorigorousspeci-
spectedandtestedbeforeacceptance.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
9/214
12
ultsofthesetests, eachlotofammunition
nitioninstorageis periodicallyretested
eristicshavenotchanged.Ifchangeshave
nisregraded.
mmunitionisgradedprimarily onthe
otespeciallysuitableforuse inapar-
weapons.SeeOrdnanceFieldService-
otherthansmall-armsis gradedasa
.SeeOrdnanceFieldServiceBulletin
bjecttospecialinstructionsfrom
munitionofappropriatetypeandmodel
gorder:limitedstandard,substitute
nthisrule,ammunitionwhichhashadthe
toragewillbe usedfirst.Amonglotsof
ven tothesmallestlot.
p ofexcessstocksinthefield,transfers
ecorpsareai fnostockofappropriate
on hand.
ofsmall-armsammunitionisestablished
ndpublishedin OrdnanceFieldService
cialinstructions.
oundintheOrdnanceFieldService
R 775-10.
.a.Inordertokeepammunitionin
eadyforimmediateissueanduse,due
ventothefollowing:
toredinthe originalcontainers,ina
,protectedagainstthedirectraysofthe
xcessiveheat.
tainersshouldbekeptcleanand dryand
itionshouldnotbedisassembledwithout
dnotbeopenednor protectiveorsafety
beforeuse.
orfiringbutnotfired shouldbereturned
ppropriatelymarked.Suchammuni-
subsequentfiringsinorderthat stocksof
keptataminimum.
orshipment.a.Ammunitionis
ordancewithpertinentspecificationsand
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
10/214
ERAL
naredesignedtowithstandallcondi-
edinhandling,storage,andtransportation
ateCommerceCommissionregulations.
rmationrequired
tionofcontents.
merceCommissionforshipping,in-
gnorandconsigneeandshippingdesigna-
cerningpackingandmarkingiscon-
er2.
ofonekindoranotherarea fundamental
militarypurposes,explosivesaredi-
s,propellantsandhigh explosives.Oneof
eenthesegroupsistherapiditywith which
pellantsexplodeatarelativelyslowerrate
explosivesdetonatealmostinstantane-
sethoseexplosiveswhichareusedprinci-
lesfromguns.Theyaredescribedin
escomprisethoseusedprincipallyas
explosivecomponentssuchasprojectiles,
dalsothoseusedas initiators.Theyarede-
erinformationconcerningproperties,
etc.,willbefoundinTM9-2900.
iesofexplosivesbeginningwitha
explosiveandterminatingwithalarge
nsensitiveexplosiveistermedanexplosive
twosuchtrains,thepropellingcharge
stingchargeexplosivetrain.Thepropel-
usuallyconsistsofprimer,igniter or
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
11/214
4-16
llingcharge.Thusaspitof firefroma
explosive(theprimer)is transmittedand
eend thatalargequantityofrelatively
propellingcharge)burnsinthemanner
ectileproperly.Insome instances,such
wherethepropellingchargeisrelatively
quired.Theburstingchargeexplosive
IV.
plosivescurrentlyusedaspropellants
andarecommonlyknownassmokeless
orinorganicsubstancesareaddedtothe
manufacturetogiveimprovedqualitiesfor
owdersaredistinguishedbysuchtermsas
hless-nonhygroscopic,FNH;andnonhygro-
mercialtradenamesorsymbols.A
wderisknownaspyropowder.Blackpow-
enalmostcompletelysupersededbysmoke-
a.Characteristics.Smokelesspowder
ndit isnotapowder.It ismanufactured
s,pellets,orperforatedcylindricalgrains.
madewithvaryingdiametersandlengths.
ewebsize, thatis,theaveragethickness
eperforations.Incolor,thegrains vary
epbrownorblack.Figure1 illustrates
ermaybeusedas asatisfactorysubstitute
rainsintimeofemergency.
nfinedsmokelesspowderburnslikecellu-
e,butwhenconfineditsrateof burning
reandpressure.Figure2showsthemanner
wderismanufacturedtocontaininthe
mountofsolvent(an etherandalcoholmix-
changeintheamountof solvent,a
eswillresult.Powdermustbe carefully
mperatures,moisture,andchangesintem-
tchangesduetosuchconditions,smoke-
kedinairtightcontainers.
mokelesspowderisusedas thepropel-
gercaliberammunition.Theperforated
ostcommonlyusedinUnitedStates
erforatedgrainsareusedforsmall arms,
certainhowitzers.Powderswithseven
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
12/214
ERAL
rgercaliberweapons.Seefigure3 for
itrocellulosepowder).Formany
rsinservicewereof thestraightnitro-
yreferredtoaspyropowderorpyrocel-
edasasubstitutestandardfor theFNH
antageistheproductionofmuzzle flash
opicandhasrelativelylowpotential.
Thetermdouble-basepowderhas
ontainingbothnitrocelluloseandnitro-
servingtoincreasethepotential.Small
saltsareoftenadded,servingtoreduce
rmoreignitible.Ballistiteis atypical
isusedin12-gageshotgunshell andin
n.
Flashless-nonhygroscopic(FNH)
trocelluloseandothermaterialswhich
theproductsofcombustion,therebyre-
dedmaterialsalsoreducehygroscopicity.
moisture.Theyareused inpropellants
rsof 37-mmandlargercaliber.FNH
oneweaponand yetnotcompletely
FNHpowderisdesignatedto beused
hoccurs,itis termedNHpowder.Nitro-
NH powdersforsmallcannon,intrench
especiallyrapidburningisrequired,and
munition.
n,anitrocelluloseofhighnitration,is
fFNHpowders.Smallwispsof dry
mecarriersin thecentraltubeofshrapnel
ebase charge.Itisalsoused inelectric
er.E.C.smokelesspowder,orE.C.
cellulosewithinorganicnitrates.Itis
olorandresemblescoarsesand,though
sitivetofriction,shock,orheat.It
ndsomustbe protectedfromtheatmos-
dby flamefromaprimerorfuze. It
theopen,but explodesifconfined.It
geinfragmentationhandgrenades.Itis
dcaliber.50blankcartridges.
s.Smokelesspowderforsmallarms
annonin thatitisusually glazedwith
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
13/214
2-23
ineloadingandthuspresentsa black
cethepowdergrainsaresmall,theyignite
efreelythan cannonpowder;andwhen
ormaltemperatureprevails,theyaresub-
ationthanthe largergrains.Small-
npowders,arepackedinairtightcontain-
dersarenearlyassensitiveasblack
ore,allprecautionsusedinhandling
servedforsmall-armspowders.Ingen-
small-armspropellants,thesingle-base
edouble-basetype.
neralcharacteristics.Blackpowderis
ixtureoffinelypulverizedpotassiumor
andsulfur.Thecommercialblastingpow-
nowusedforsalutingcharges.Potas-
powdersforallother militarypurposes.
heform ofsmallblackgrains,whichare
aphite.It issubjecttorapiddeteriora-
oisture,butifkeptdryretainsi tsexplosive
oneof themostdangerousexplosives
easilyignitedbyheat,friction,or spark.
blackpowderhasbeensupersededalmost
der.Itspresentmilitaryuse,in itsseveral
nedto
ingcharges,forshrapnel.
fuzes.
rges.
acticebombs,shell,andsubcali
mbinationfuzes.
wderisparticularlysensitivetoflameo
kpowderincansorbags orwhen
againstsparks,theprecautionsdescribe
bestrictlyobserved.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
14/214
dergrains.
wdergrains.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
15/214
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
16/214
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
17/214
6-27
etonation.Ithaspowerfulbrisantprop-
tedbymercuryfulminate,tetryl,and
es.Itis nonhygroscopicanddoesnot
swithmetal.Itusuallyresembleslight
eis crystallineandhasaverypalestraw
orymilitaryexplosivebecauseitiseasily
hell orbombtoforma solidcrystalline
nitionloadedwithTNTcanbestored,han-
mparativesafety.
munitionloadedwithTNTwhenstored
warmsummermonthsmayexudean
ateoozesoutaround thethreadsatthe
yformapoolonthe floor.Exudingshell
corpsareaordepartmentordnanceofficer,
yinstructionfortheir useordisposition.
eandmaycarrysmallparticlesofTXT.
removedbyscrubbingthe floorwith
ystallineformdetonatesreadilyunder
etonatorand,whenhighlycompressed,of
st,it isnecessarytousea boostercharge
plosiveofequalbrisance,toinsurecom-
rge.TNTisusedasa burstingcharge
oneormixed withammoniumnitrateto
ol.FlakeTNTis usedin37-mmshell.
are asaburstingchargeforbombs,anti-
tainshell andbombboosters,andasa
owder.
edtodemolishbridges,railroads,and
dminesplacedunder enemytrenchesor
rkTNTismadeupin theformofa
blockenclosedinafibercontainerwhich
nhandlingand rendersitwaterproof.
e CorpsofEngineersareblocksof
cardboardcontainer.
forall typesofblastingwhere40
macordBickfordisthe tradenamefor
onsistsofaflexible fabrictubefilledwith
characteristics.Amatol,amechanical
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
18/214
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
19/214
9-31
ofexplosiveswhichdetonatemorereadily,
maycausesuddendetonationofburning
samesensitivitytoshockasTNTand
detonatedbymeansofa detonator.Itis
ilitaryexplosives.
NTasamilitaryexplosivehasresulted
oftheuse ofpicricacid.Itis usedfor
mpicrate,asaboosterexplosive,andeven
hemercuryfulminatechargeindetona-
sedextensivelyinthe formofmixtures
s.
s.a.General.(1)Nitrostarchisa
rialsimilarinappearancetoordinarypow-
nsitivetoimpactthanTNTbutless sen-
rnitroglycerin.Itis highlyinflammable,
eslightest sparksuchasmayresultfrom
xplosiveviolence.
arereadilydetonatedbymercuryful-
detonatorproducingcompletedetonation
eenrenderedundulyinsensitivebyexces-
eorby othercause.
nexplosivehasrecentlybeenadopted
sconsolidatedintoy2-poundand1-
cksandincomparisontestsit hasbeen
sforcomputingsmallchargesare di-
ostarchdemolitionexplosive.Nitro-
brokenintofragmentsas thismaycause
beconsideredasasubstituteforTNTin
sashortageoftoluenefor makingTNT.
ostarchwasusedin thefollowingform:
ve.
ellexplosive.
Tetrylisthe standardboosterexplosive.
olid.Whenheateditfirstmeltsand then
s.Itburnsreadilyandismore easilyde-
oniumpicrate,beingaboutassensitiveas
by friction,shock,orspark.Itisprac-
sstableatalltemperatureswhichmay
.
estsshowtetrylto havegreatershatter-
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
20/214
ERAL
militaryhighexplosive.Picricacidand
dinbrisance,respectively.
trylissufficientlyinsensitivewhen
rtobesafelyused asaboosterexplosive.
oninsuresa highorderofdetonationof
sedintheformof pressedpellets.Tet-
e standardburstingchargeforsmall-
appreciablybetterfragmentationto
lsomorereadilydetonatedandyet,
standstheforceofset-back.
sousedindetonatorsas abasecharge,
othe bottomofthedetonatorshelland
primingchargeof mercuryfulminate,
r.
a.General.Mercuryfulminateisa
itewhenpurebutordinarilya faint
tint.It isextremelysensitivetoheat,
ock,detonatingcompletelyinnearlyevery
rieswithtemperature.
teisusedonlyforthepurposeof bring-
fthe lesssensitivehighexplosivesorthe
osives.Itmaybeused aloneormixed
deisaninitiatingcompoundusedfor
ofhighexplosives.Itis afinecream-
nsitivetoflamebut istooinsensitiveto
ionis byimpactofafiring pin.Itis not
at.Itflashesata muchhigher-temperature
essweightofleadazidethanof mercury
onateanequal amountofTNT,tetryl,
troducedtosupersedemercuryfulminate.
ves.a.Trimontte.Trimoniteisa
mononitronaphthalene.Itmaybeusedas
ellwhereveramatolmayalsobeusedas a
ahigh-explosivefillerfor shell.Itis
niumnitrate,andflakedaluminum.The
erallytoexplosivemixturescontaining
um.Asarule,ammonalexplosivesare
ofthealuminumcontent,detonatewith
ureandbrighterflashthanotherhigh
nprovinggroundtests forbetterob-
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
21/214
5-36
n.Achemicalagentisa substance
irectchemicalactionandin concentra-
producesa toxicoranirritating(harass-
screeningsmoke,anincendiaryaction,
e.Anagentthatproducesmorethan one
ccordingtoits principaluse.
eclothing.Theservicegasmaskwill
twargasesin concentrationslikelytobe
will notprotectagainstcarbonmonoxide,
a,orcyanidegas.Itisthereforenot suit-
strialaccidentsorfires.Forspecial
eavyconcentrations,protectiveclothingmay
onswherevesicantgasesarepresent,pro-
worn.
cludedin thissectiononlyageneral
randusesofchemicalagents,theprotec-
tment,anddecontaminationmeasures.
foundinTM 3-215,TM9-850.FM21-10,
calagentsareclassifiedaccordingto
ltyagents.Useddirectlyagainst
cecasualties.
nts).Usedtoreducemilitaryeffi-
ersonneltomask.
sedtoproduceanobscuringsmokeor
sedtocausetheignitionofcombustible
sedfortestingequipmentortraining
esssubstanceswhosephysicalproperties
agentrepresented.
1)(a)Lungirritants.Incapacitateby
altissue.
ammation,burns,anddestructionoftis-
ernally.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
22/214
ERAL
ucers).Causeacopiousflowoftears
orary,irritationoftheeyes.
mokes).Causeviolentheadache,
dtemporaryphysicaldebility.
ologicaleffectsmaybeincidentallypro-
someotherprimaryclassificationsuchas
moke.
nagentwhichproduceseitheratoxicor
ect.Suchanagentmaybeinsolid, liquid,
persion.Gasesarefurther classifiedas
ngeffectiveatthe pointofreleaseformore
ersistentthosewhichbecomeineffective
chproducesanobscuringscreen.
whichproducesheatsufficienttoignite
a.Painting.Ingeneral,ammuni-
rustandtoprovide,bymeansof thecolor,
ationasto type.Chemicalammunitionis
r,gray.
aragentusedaschemicalfillerisindi-
e ammunitionbyoneortwobandsand the
ol,allinadistinctivecolorin accordance
ph38.
ral.Thetype,commonname,andsym-
alagentsareincludedin thetablebelow.
rincipalpersistentcasualtyagentsare
arkbrownliquidwhichslowly
ashavingtheodor ofgarlic.Itsprinci-
hatofa vesicantalthoughtheblistering
forseveralhours.If inhaled,thevapors
ForcompleteprotectionagainstHS,both
othingarenecessary.First-aidmeasures
iousamountsofsoapand waterorwiping
uchassolvent,dry-cleaning,andneutral-
hlorideoflime.Clothingcontaminated
t onceanddecontaminatedbyairingor
eofHSis toneutralizeareas,contaminate
s,andharassenemypersonnel.Itispro-
tarin shell,fromairplanesbybombsand
ngtroopsin landmines.HSrendersfood
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
23/214
rownliquidevaporatingtoa color-
orofgeraniums.Inadditiontobeing vesi-
siteisan arsenicalpoison.Gasmask
necessaryforprotectionagainstMl.
ofwashingwithsoapandwater,or a5-
hydroxidefollowedbyalcohol.Tactical
projectionarethesameas thoseforHS.
ermanentlyunfitfor use.
Theprincipalnonpersistentcasualtyagents
dchlorpicrin.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
24/214
AL
tercontaminatedwithClcanbemade
ionofamedicalofficer.
sonprojectionasa whitishcloud
Ithasthe odorofsilageornew-mown
protectionrequired,firstaid,tactical,use,
ononfoodand waterarethesameasfor Cl.
lyliquidchangingslowlyinthe open
odorofflypaper.Physiologicalactionis
dthroat,and,as concentrationincreases.
irritation.Gas maskisrequiredforpro-
measforCl,for exposuretothevapor.
fliquid agentontheskinshouldbe washed
oholicsolutionofsodiumsulfite.Tactically,
trationsasacasualtyagentandinlighter
singagent.PSisused withteargasinartil-
anebombsand sprays,withphosgeneand
rshell,andfromcylinders.Ithas slight
minatedfoodandwatermayberendered
ionofamedicalofficer.
assingagents(irritants)arethe lacrim-
es.
N),commonlyknownasteargas,is
tis asolidwitha faintfragrantodor
ppleorlocustblossoms.Its physiological
ofthe eyes.Agasmaskissufficientfor
mentotherthanremovaltopureairis
ravatedcaseswashingouttheeyeswith
.CNis usedaloneingrenadesandmortar
alone(CNB)andwith chlorpicrin(CNS)
,and fromairplanesinbomb.sandsprays.
als.It impartsonlyadisagreeabletaste
typifiedby adamsite(DM).DMisa
burning typemunitionsandappearsasa
somewhatresemblingcoalsmoke.Its
auselacrimation,violentsneezing,intense
mporaryphysicaldebility.Forprotection,
chisequippedwithan efficientsmokefilter,
erthanremovaltopure airisseldom
hinglightconcentrationsofchlorine,as
ottle,willgiverelief^Tacticaluseis as
anonlybeusedfromburning typemunitions
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
25/214
8
des.DMhasslight actiononmetalbut
rmanentlyunfitforuse.
heseareproducedbythedispersionofpar-
ythe burningofsolidsandby spraying
reenmovementsandactivity,toblanket
fire superiority,toinactivateobservers,to
ing,andto disguisecloudgas.
fonicacidmixture(FS)isaliquid
oahumidatmosphereproducesadense
din shell,byairplanespray,andfrom
disverycorrosiveandrubber gloves
t. Nomaskisnecessaryforthesmoke.
sconsistsofwashingwithlarge amounts
onateofsodasolution,andthen treatingas
okeisharmlessto personnelexceptin
s.LiquidFSrendersfoodandwaterunfit
mpartsan unpleasanttaste.Onaccount
tainrestrictionsarein forceontheuseof
(FM)issimilarto FSinappearance,
mixture(HC)canbeusedonlyfrom
suchasgrenadesandcandles.Noprotec-
elis required.Foodandwaterarenot
reeableodor.
isa yellowwaxysubstancewhich
ndproducesadensewhitesmoke.Itsprin-
okealthoughitisanincendiaryandcas-
usedonlyinexplosivetypeprojectiles,
ndairplanebombs.Whenthe projec-
allpiecesof phosphoruswhichignitespon-
scontinuetoburnevenwhenembeddedin
sshouldbekeptunder waterorwell
ntiltheparticlesare removed.Phosphorus
obreathebutharmless;however,thepar-
water.
ypesofincendiaryagentsareused.An
mixture(F8),thermite,orthermateare
lcontainers.Thermate,amixtureof
nceswhichacceleratetheburning,isused
renades.Combustibleoilshavebeenused,
ofmetallicsodium,whichre-ignitethe
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
26/214
ERAL
uenchthefire.Phosphorusisused,espe-
mmableconstruction.Gasolineandmix-
er,alcoholandother substancesisused
asoline-filledbombshaveablackpowder
soline-filledgrenadesareglassbottles
zelighteror othertypeofignitingfuze.
Ammunitionshouldbekeptinsealed
mustardgas,however,itmustbe thor-
eforeitcanbefired.Contaminatedammu-
gent,decontaminating,noncorrosive,or
ngsoapandcoolwater.Corrodedam-
nedthoroughlyordiscarded.Agent,
eoflime),whichisusedindecontaminat-
erbe usedonornearammunitionsup-
powderedform,asflamingoccurs
of limeonmustard.Materielotherthan
taminatedaccordingtoinstructionsinTM
1941.
esoflewisitecanbedestroyedthrough
usedfor mustard.Theproductsresulting
on,whenwashedontheground,areex-
seoftheirarseniccontentandwillperma-
terinthevicinityofthecontaminated
entgasesarecorrosivetometal,especially
e.Theagentmust beremovedorneutral-
the equipment.Metallicmaterielexposed
ld becleanedofoldoil withasolvent
withasolutionof sodiumcarbonateorother
andleatherexposedtoFSmust be
escribedinparagraph13,AR750-10.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
27/214
TION
munition40-57
75
-87
N
ndling,:55
mationinthissectionislimited toa
severaltypesofsmall-armsammunition
Manytypesaremanufacturedtothe
ycartridgesofthesamecaliberalthough
verysimilarin appearance.Eachtype
ngwhichisdescribedinthis section.
metypemaybe identifiedbythemarking
artons.Adetaileddescriptionofeach
characteristics,meansofidentification.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
28/214
ERAL
g,andmarkingwillbefoundin TM9-1990.
ncomprisestheammunitionusedin
es,pistols,revolvers,andmachinegunsin
.50.andshotgunsof12-gage.
al.Aroundofsmall-armsammunition
general,itconsistsofabullet,a pro-
ndacartridgecase,madeinto aunitas-
ypicalcartridgein sectionwiththe
ceusehaveametalcorewhichis
aljacket.Acannelureisgenerallyrolled
ovidearecessintowhichthe cartridge
erearetwotypesofsmall-armspro-
esingle-basenitrocellulosetypeandthe
uble-basetypeisamixtureofnitrocel-
hichburnsmorerapidlythanthe single-
echargeand granulationofthepowder
ficationrequirementsforvelocityandpres-
bledlooselyinthe cartridgecase.
nsistsofabrassor gildingmetalcup
ompositionpelletofsensitiveexplosive,a
vil.
artridgecaseisofdrawnbrass.It serves
hercomponents,theprimer,thepro-
et,are assembledintoaunit,thecartridge.
o sealthechamberagainsttheescape
thecartridgeisfired.This actionisknown
ecartridgewaterproof,theprimeris
andthebulletis sealedintheneckofthe
m oflacquerorvarnishatthe timeof
artridgesareclassifiedaccordingto
ndard).
or guardpurposesonly).
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
29/214
2-48
ridge,intendedforuseagainstper-
rgets,is themostwidelyusedofthe service
oughnolongeraccuratelydescribingthe
,hasbeen continuedinusetodesignatethat
tionusedfor thesamepurposesasammuni-
e bulletofwhichwasactuallyaball.
fferentcalibersareshownin figure4.
ypeofcartridge,intendedforuse
armoredvehicles,concreteshelters,and
gets,ischaracterizedbythebullet,which
e.Itisdistinguishedfrom othertypesof
thebullet, whichispaintedblack.Atypical
sshowninfigure6.
a.Tracer.Thistypeofcartridge
hertypestoshowthegunner,by itstrace,
also usedforincendiarypurposes.The
edredtocorrespondtothe colorofthetrace
types.Figures8and9 show,typical
on.
unitionincalibers.30and.50resembles
mmunitioninoutwardappearance.It
ht bluepaintonthetip ofthebullet.
rtridgeisdistinguishedbytheabsence
ulatedfire,trainingcavalrymounts,sig-
lsoin machinegunsequippedwithblank
ertooperatetheseweaponsforinstructional
sinfiringblankammunition,seeTM9-1990.
idgesmaybefoundinservice,onlythose
llbe fired.Typicalblankcartridgesare
hepresentstandardammunitionfor
ridge,ball,caliber.22,longrifle(fig.4)a
ercialmanufacture.
ery-practiceammunition,cartridge,gal-
M1919,isnowreservedforguardpurposes.
artridge,thebulletofwhichhas a
hatofserviceammunition,isprovidedfor
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
30/214
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
31/214
5-56
markingstothenewparts ofthebox.The
testedandsealedifequipmentforthe work
uldnotbeopeneduntilthe ammunitionis
ionremovedfromairtightcontainers,
tes,isaptto corrode,therebycausingitto
enfromtheiroriginal packingsforload-
gunbelts,theclipsorbeltsshouldbe so
servethe ammunitionlotnumber,thereby
onfromfallingintograde3through lossof
arefullyprotectedfrommud,sand,dirt,
dirty,itshould bewipedoffatonce.
erdigrisformon cartridges,itshouldbe
dgesshouldnotbepolishedtomakethem
oncartridgesis dangerousandispro-
ed,thosethathave loosebullets,and
eshouldnotbefired.
seesectionsIand VIandTM9-1990.
a.Becauseamisfirecannotimme-
omahangfire,it isunsafetoopenthe bolt
namisfire occurs.WhentherifleMl,
shouldberecockedbyoperatingthetrigger
peningthebolt.
ventofmisfire,therifle shouldbere-
hecockingpieceandrefiredbeforeopening
ouldbe surethatthebore oftheweapon
ersuchascleaningpatches,mud,sand,snow,
ponwithanyobstructioninthe borewill
mayresultininjury tothefirer.
beexposedtothe directraysofthesun
hoftime.Thisis likelytoaffectitsfiring
tionwillbefireduntil ithasbeenidenti-
tionlotnumberandgradeas publishedin
3-5.
ofammunitionmustbereported
officerunderwhosesupervisionthemate-
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
32/214
d.The ordnanceofficerwillreportsuch
OrdnanceasprovidedinAR45-30. It
atallevidencebepreserved.Thisincludes
ercartridgesfromthesamebox, theweapon
epiecesinshort,everythingthatmight
themalfunction.
Detailedpackingandmarkingreg-
-1990.Thefollowingtableshowsthe
eidentifyingcolorbandon thepackingboxes
all-armsammunition.Typicalpacking
1.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
33/214
esforcaliber.30 andcaliber.45ammunitionarevertical;bandson theendsare
sforcaliber.50ammunitionarediagonalon allsides.Markingsoncaliber.50
s.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
34/214
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
35/214
cartridge,caliber.50.
mor-piercing,caliber.50.
nk,caliber.50.
cer,caliber.50.
cer,caliber.45.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
36/214PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
37/214
8-60
tion58
sivegrenades59
ndling63
ication.a.General.Grenadesare
siles,intendedforuseatrelativelyshort
esignedtobethrownbyhand,they may
eorother typeofprojector.Grenadesare
tingprimaryweaponssuchastheriflein
singmobs,quellingriots,etc.Thegrenades
ith adelayactionfuze,thedelayfor ex-
ghtlymorethantheaveragetime offlight,
enades,slightlylessthantheaveragetime
basictypesofgrenades:thosedesignedto
osedesignedto beprojectedbyriflesorother
edriflegrenades.Handgrenadesareclassi-
:fragmentationgrenades,offensivegre-
s,andpracticeortraininggrenades.Rifle
antitankandpractice.
ensivegrenades.a.Fragmenta-
tationgrenadescontainanexplosivecharge
yofthe grenadeandprojectfragmentsat
e formationofuniformfragmentsthe
llyandvertically.Itis madeofcastiron
on,approximately2i4inchesindiameterby
hestandardbursting chargeisK.C.firing
dbyanignitingfuze.Fuzesfor alltypesof
cegrenadesaredesignedtofunctionafter5
Offensivegrenadesaremadeofpaperor
xplosivefiller.They areusedfordemo-
acements.Theyareequippedwitha
onds'delay.Thegrenade,hand,offensive,
fthistype,containsapproximatelyy2
Chemicalgrenadescontaina"burning
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
38/214
ERAL
tedbyitsfuze,producesanirritant gas
eseareknownasgas grenadesorsmoke
chemicalgrenadeisa shortcylinder
sindiameterby5y2incheslong(fig.12).
esaredesignedtofunctionwith2 seconds'
epresentstandardriflegrenadesare
seagainstarmoredtargets.Theyaredes-
ndM9A1.Theyhaveasteel bodycon-
anda fuzeassemblyandatailassembly,
anda wheel-shapedfin.Thefuzefunc-
ypinlocatedonthe bodyofthegrenade
e fuze.Thefuzeinthe grenade,AT,
eonlyuponimpactwitha hardresistant
grenadeis moresensitiveandwill
softearth.Thesegrenadesareto befired
30,M1903or M1917.Theyareprojected
hfitsonthemuzzleof therifle.Aspecial
tridge,riflegrenade,M3,mustbeusedfor
s.Thegrenadesarepackedinkitscon-
cherforeither theM1917orM1903rifle,
rtridgeis packedwitheachgrenadein
etubeof thegrenade.
ssimilar inshapeandfunctiontothe
liber .30rifle.Itis largerandisprojected
tor.
.Agrenadeofthesamesize,shape,
gmentationgrenade,butinert,is provided
egrenadeformerlyusedfor suchpur-
nand wasknownasgrenade,hand,dummy,
entlybeenmodifiedbyaddingapullring
therebymorecloselysimulatingthe
hismodifiedgrenadeisknownasgrenade,
disshownin figure12.
wnasgrenade,hand,practice,Mk.H,
fuzeMI0Al,wasformerlystandardfor
ainsasmallchargeofblackpowderand
bluetodistinguishit fromthetraining
esignatedgrenade,AT,practice,Miland
andappearanceastheexplosivetypesM9A1
eyareprovidedfortrainingandpractice
grenadesare inertandmaybefired a
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
39/214
-
-
9
ACKI-9.274MAX
ades.
enotdamaged.Replacementfinassem-
reprovidedseparately.Thecartridge
ameasthatusedfor thecorresponding
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
40/214
ERAL
nhandling.a,.Care.Information
exercisedinhandlinggrenadeswillbefound
manualand inFM23-30.
ntothegeneralsafetyprecautionsin
ninsectionsIand VI,chapter3,tin
eprojectedover200 yards,fragments
sedintrainingwithoutadequatecover.
willberemovedjustbeforethrowing
yoccasionallyflash,hence,whenusedin
thrownasto functionnotlessthan20 feet
ofinaccordancewiththe provisionsin
a.Packing.'Thepresentpractice
ndchemicalgrenades,asfuzed complete
alfiber container.25inawoodenpacking
nd,packedunderolderstandards,contain
nedbox.Otherscontain unfuzedgrenades
ngrenadesandthosecontaininghigh
gw^Chemical-filledgrenadesarepaintei
offiller stenciledontheside.(Seetable
esare paintedblue.Traininggrenades,
l^,68
ndling-.;_'68
kmineisanexplosivedevicedesigned
plantedflushwith thesurfacefordefensi
anks.
presenttimethereisone modeleach
tankmines,the mine,antitank,HE,Ml
actice.Ml,figures13 and14,respectively,
a.General.Thisminewithprin-
shownasacompleteroundassemblyin
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
41/214
7
undconsistsoftwocomponents,theloaded
edisassembledcomponentsareshownin
of thebodywhichfitsoverthe fuzeto
ofitsheadis knownasthespider.
bodyiscylindrical,approximately2%
n diameter.Theflangedrimaroundthe
esforassemblingthespider.Inthe center
y,approximately2inchesindiameterand
ngringis attachedtothesideofthe mine.
eandfuze,weighsapproximately10.4pounds;
ounds.The spiderconsistsofaring and
hookoneachend, rivetedtogetherasshown
ngagethe flangeontheminebodyand
stsonthestrikerhead ofthefuze.
E,Ml.Thisfuze(fig.15),whichcon-
egralpart,isusedonly inthehigh-explosive
yofa strikerassemblyandabodywhich
ator,andbooster.Thestrikerassembly,on
2-inchdiameterhead,protrudesapproxi-
bodyofthe fuze.Thefiringmechanism,
erassembly,isrestrainedfromfiringwhen
etyforkwithdrawn)bythecollar just
earpins. Aforceofapproximately500
s requiredtoactuatethefiringmechan-
eminewiththe spiderinplace,aforceof
sappliedtotherimof thespiderwillactuate
safetyinshippingandhandling,a safety
rheadbya cord,isfittedoverthe collar
ndthetop ofthefuzebody.Thesafety
ceptwhenit isintendedtoarmthe fuze.
ming).Thefollowingstepsarere-
mpleteround:
mthebottomof thebody.
ty.Pushthefuzedownuntili tlatches.
uppersurfaceofthe fuzebodyisflushwith
ne.
ze,besure thatthefuzecavityisclearnoforeign
semblethespider,aline,but donot
withthe twonotchesintheflangeofthe
ohooksoverthe flangeonthebody.Next
rough thenotches,thenrotatethespider
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
42/214
ERAL.
therdirectiontosecurethe spidertothe
slocation.
herebyarmingthefuze.Thesafety
e mine,attachedtoitscordneverbe-
.
anddisarming).Minesmaybedisarmed
he stepsindabove.
e,Ml.a.General.Thisminewith
gsisshownas acompleteroundassembly
roundconsistsof twocomponents,an
ncludesthespider),anda fuze.
rtsaresimilarinappearancetothecor-
hexplosivemineexceptthat thebodyhas
pacedaroundtheside.Thereare differ-
whicharedescribedin paragraph70.
ractice,Ml,issimilarin formandoper-
ghexplosiveminedescribedabove,except
uffchargeinplaceof theboosterelement.
kmine),iscompletelyinert.Itis made
latetheservicefuzeandhasa removable
withthepracticeminebodyfortraining
andmarkingaredescribedin para-
ming).Thepracticemineisassembled
emine,antitank,HE,Ml,describedin
nddisarming.Seeparagraph67e.
nhandling.Inadditiontothe gen-
1and 3,thefollowingwillbeobserved:
yforkwillnotberemovedexceptwhen
ze.Theforkis notremoveduntilafter
.Shouldthe minebetakenup,thesafety
isedthatnoundueload isaccidentally
der,especiallytherim,afterthesafetyfork
ofapproximately250poundsonthe rim
hefiringmechanism.
eventsympatheticdetonationofpart
slaidsinglyon thegroundshouldbe3 feet
sh,2 feetormoreapart.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
43/214
9-70
Shoulditberequiredto layminesin
owerfulblast,theminesmaybeburiedone
byside,plantedflush,or laidonthesurface.
minesshouldbein contact;iflaidonthe
uchas18 inchesapart.Suchplantingwill
egroupwilldetonatewhenanyone detonates.
etonationofpartorallof thegroupsina
veninb aboveshouldbecorrespondingly
a.Packing. Antitankminesare
hichcontainsfiveminesandfive fuzes
einclosed,oneloose andoneattached
othatthei nstructionsarevisible.Thebox
ywoodseparatorsandtwosetsof grooves.
acedin afuzecontainerwhichoccupies
ox;thefivemines,withspiders nestedto
carryingringup,onein eachoftheother
onvenienceincarryingfuzedminesin the
hthe partitionsmovedtothesecondset
heboxwith fivehighexplosiveminesand
ely67pounds.Theboxwithfivepractice
proximately62pounds.
e,antitank,HE,Ml,ispaintedyellow
mine,antitank,practice,Ml,ispainted
Themarkingon theheadofbothtypes
e.
orsymbol.
fuze,mine,antitank,HE,Ml,ispainted
titank,practice,Ml,red.Botharemarked
escontainingpracticeminesarepainted
isa3-inchblueband aroundthemiddle.
inesareunpainted.Representativemark-
infigure16.For furtherinformationse#'jj,
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
44/214
explosive.Mi
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
45/214
nk,practice,Ml.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
46/214
nk,components.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
47/214PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
48/214
ERAL
ndling74
munition(fig.17)isdesignedforfiring
nathighanglesoffireand atrangesless
Suchweaponsandammunitionare par-
zedtrenchwarfare,hencehavebeencom-
ortarsandtrenchmortarammunition.In
esign,theprojectile,notbeingstabilized,
equirementsforgreater rangeandaccu-
ojectilesarestabilizedbyfins.Toprovide
usranges(zonesoffire),thepropelling
tothebaseof theprojectile,isdividedinto
ioncartridgeandthe requirednumberof
earlierdesigntheignitioncartridgecon-
shell containingachargeofpropelling
ufactured,theignitioncartridgeand
ents,theprimerbeingdesignedto screwinto
aseendoftheprojectile)after theignition
d.Becauseitisdesignedfor loadinginto
ontainsprovisionsforadjustingthepro-
munitionisclassifiedassemifixedammuni-
dits ammunitionarelimitedstandard.
dingtothepurposeforwhichit isin-
onisclassifiedashighexplosive,chemical,
used forfragmentationordemolition
ionofthefuze.
entlyauthorizedforuseonlyin 81-mm
mokeandgas.Thereisno chemicalfiller
tarammunition.
aspottingchargeor beinert.
providedfortrainingand practice.
signedtobefiredmorethan once.Several
pliedwitheachprojectile.
ral.Twogeneraltypesofammunition
he81-mmmortarand3-inchtrenchmortar.
rthe3-inchtrenchmortaris limited
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
49/214
3-74
yknownas3-inchtrenchmortarammunition
mmunitiondesignedoriginallyforthe
tainrestrictionsastouseof thefullpro-
,bothtypesofammunitionmaybeused in
mmortarammunitionisissuedasfuzed
outerzone)propellingcharge,whereas
mmunitionisissuedas unassembledcom-
eassembledpriorto firing.The60-mm
edasfuzedcompleterounds,similarto
nition.
tion,.Becauseofitsstabilizingfins, this
nthoughfiredfromasmooth-boremortar,
esnosefirst.A point-detonatingtypeof
theshell. Thepropellingcharge,consist-
eandpropellentincrements,isattached
ectile.Theincrementsareremovableto
enfiredin themortar,trench,3-inch,
e) propellingchargewillbereducedas
e.
munition,Thisammunition,whichis
asno stabilizingfins,andbecauseitis
tarwhichimpartsno rotationtothepro-
andmaystrikethetargetin anyposition
itsside.Henceit requiresafuzewhich
hepositionof theprojectileatthein-
e,knownasthe "Allways,"isprovided
theshell.Thepropellingcharge,con-
geand propellentincrementsinthe
tbeattachedto thebaseoftheprojectile
terzone)propellingchargeofthis
whenfiredeitherin themortar,81-mm,Ml,
Mk.IA2.
tion.Exceptforsize,this ammunitionis
as the81-mmmortarammunition.A
ure 17.
nhandling.Generalprecautions
willbeobserved.In additionthefollowing
fuzed,willbehandledwithdue careat
ementsinprimersand fuzesareparticu-
hightemperature.
noothertime,the safety(cotter)pin
fuze.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
50/214
BER
ACK)-23.59MAX:
ACK)-22.89MAX
CK)1656MAX.
rtarshell.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
51/214
insertedintothemortar,cartridgeend
easedtoslidedownthebarrel,the hands
edfromthemuzzle.
dledormoved.Theyshouldbedestroyed
-a.Packing.Ammunitionofcur-
81-mmmortarsis packedasassembled
anindividualfibercontainerandthese,in
8roundsof 60-mmshellperbundle,and3
l,dependingupontheweight.Ammunition
renchmortarsis packedasunassembled
x,withoneextrapropelling charge.
othepaintingwhichidentifiestheam-
owinginformationis stenciledonthe
ortarinwhichfired.
r.
befoundin chapters1and3and in
ndling86
eround.Theterm"artilleryammuni-
nusedincannonofallcalibers.It includes
ponentsthereof.Thecompleteroundcom-
ntsnecessarytofirethecannononce.These
al,thefuzedprojectile,thepropellingcharge,
guponboththe typeofpropellingcharge
nto thecannon,completeroundsofartil-
nasfixed,semifixed,orseparateloading.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
52/214
ERAL
ompleteroundsinwhichthe propelling
adjustable,andwhichareloadedintothe
nas "fixed"ammunition(fig.18).As
ellingchargeisassembledlooselyinthe
mpedrigidlytotheprojectile.Theprimer
artridgecase.
Completeroundsinwhichprovisionis
pellingchargetothe zonetobefiredand
on,areloadedintothecannonasa unit,
mmunition(fig.18).Inthe usualdesignof
epropellingchargeis dividedintoparts
hsuchpartofthechargeis assembledina
mbledin thecartridgecaseinthebaseof
ckof thecartridgecaseisa freefitover
ence,whenit isnecessarytoadjustthe
ectileisreadilyliftedfromthe cartridge
ryincrementshavebeenremoved,thepro-
ecartridgecaseand theroundisloaded
aseoffixedammunition.
nition.Completeroundsinwhichthe
rojectile,propellingcharge,andprimerare
paratelyareknownas"separateloading"
oughthepropellingchargemaybeinone
dinto partswitheachpartassembledina
moninourservice,thepropellingcharge
ridgecaseinsteadof bag,butinsuchin-
snotfitted totheprojectile,butis loaded
y.
eyammunitionisclassifiedaccording
blank,ordrill. Itisalsoclassifiedaccord-
hemical,orinert.
hatwhichisfired foreffect.Itmaybe
ercing(shell),lowexplosive(shrapnel),
orinert(canisterandsmallercaliber of
asapropellingchargebuttheprojectile
vespottingchargeormaybe inert.
videdinsmalland mediumcalibersfor
andsimulatedfire.It containsnoprojec-
dedfor practiceinloadingandhan-
mmonwithothertypes,artilleryam-
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
53/214
8-79
inting,marking,and,theaccompanying
rtherinformationwillbefoundinpara-
al.Althoughdifferingincharacter-
ectilesareof thesamegeneralshape,
ricalbodyandanogivalhead.Theprinci-
cesare
ntorbase.
erforlow,largerfor highvelocity
wforlow,wideforhighvelocity.
"squarebase."
sedonlywitharmor-piercingprojec-
ewhererequiredforimprovedbal-
ctilewithprincipalpartsnamedisshown
redescribedbelow.
ortionoftheprojectilefromthebour-
heogive.Theradius oftheogiveisgen-
s,acaliberbeingthe diameterofthebore
heogiveinfluencestheflightof thepro-
nsgenerallyvariesfrom 6to11calibers
eletistheaccuratelymachinedpart,of
theforwardendof thebody,whichbears
heclearancebetweenthediameterofthe
meterofa newcannonvarieswiththecali-
37-mmprojectileto0.020inchfora16-inch
bletotheentireprojectile,thetermbody
ylindricalportionoftheprojectilebetween
ngband.It ismachinedtoasmallerdiam-
reducethesurfaceincontactwiththelands
eletand rotatingbandbearonthe lands.
otatingbandisacylindricalring of
essedintoa groovenearthebaseofthe
emovesforwardinthebore,the rotating
ng, andcausestherotationofthe projectile
bilityinflight.In addition,bycompletely
dpreventsthe escapeofgasespastthe
at-tailed"Whenthesurfacetotherear
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
54/214
AL
ndrical,theprojectileisdescribedashaving
eredorconical,itis knownas"boat-tailed."
temanufacture,armor-piercingprojec-
osedatthebaseend withaheavysteelplug.
sa seatforthefuzeand fuzeplug.
escontainingahighexplosivefillerare
r(fig.22)athin metaldiskcoveringthe
ntthe hotgasesofthepropellingcharge
ththeexplosivefillerthroughjoints or
of thebase.
Thearmor-piercingcapisof forged
ohaveahardfaceand relativelysoftcore.
aceofthecapdestroysthe hardenedsurface
e softercoreofthecapprotectsthehardened
stributing theimpactstressesoveralarge
shield,madeofsteeloraluminum,is
oftheprojectiletogiveimprovedballistics.
ghexplosiveshell,designedforblast,
effectagainstunprotectedtargets,require
herofsuperquickordelayaction.Armor-
ruseagainstprotectedtargets,mustfirst
rmor,thenexplode,hencerequirebase-
delayornondelayaction.
tionoffire,someshellareequippedwith
hetracer isusedtoignite thefillerand
heshellmissesthetarget.
lassifiedaccordingtotype,projectilesare
rmor-piercing,chemical,shrapnel,canister,
subcaliber),anddrill.
E).Theseprojectiles(fig.21),are
a relativelylargechargeofhighexplosive
basecoverandusuallydesignedfora
tile(AP).Thistypeofprojectileis
orplateandmayor maynothaveanexplo-
ngcapisfittedover theogiveandawind-
APprojectilescontaininganexplosive
darelativelysmallamountof explosive
eprojectilesisclosedby abasepluginto
dthewholecoveredbyabasecover.
micalshell,in general,aresimilartohigh
rincipallyinthemannerofassemblingthe
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
Sign
ature[undefined]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
55/214
9-80
whichmustbegastighttopreventleakage
medesigns thiswasaccomplishedby
einotherdesigns thesepartsareassembled
ce-fit,andwelded.Atypicalchemical
histypeisshowninsectionin fig.24)
flightandisthereforeequippedwitha time
efuzeat apredeterminedpointalong
ckpowderchargeinthe base.Thischarge
cballs forwardinaconeofdispersion,
.Althoughsomeshrapnelarestill in
ntirelysupersededbyhighexplosiveshell.
onsistsofalightmetalcase,filled with
xplosivecharge.Itbreaksuponleaving
allowingtheballs toscatter.
tiles.(a)Cast-ironshotandsand-
ze,shape,and weightasserviceshell,are
e.Somemodelscontainasmoke-puff
t.(Seefig. 25.)
nisfixedammunitionwithspecialprojec-
elevating,traversing,andsightingthe
berequipmentpertains.Itsadvantagelies
conomicalandmaybeusedin relatively
projectilesandcompleteroundsfor
myordrill ammunition.Theyareused
handlingshell andintheserviceofthe
tileisillustratedi nfigure26.
Afuzeisamechanicaldeviceusedwith
thetimeandunderthe circumstances
9,and30.)
assifiedaccordingtopositiononthe
se."
fiedas time,impact,oracombination
nagraduatedtimeelementin theform
wdertrainora mechanismsimilartoawatch,'
determinedtime,priortofiring.Impact
iththetarget.If thefuzeisdesignedto
erylight materieltarget,suchasan
upersensitive."
rclassifiedas superquickanddelay,
knessofaction.
quick"and"delay"areusedin referencetotheaction
whereas"time"referstotimeaftertheinstantof firing
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
Sign
ature[undefined]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
56/214
ERAL
echanismofarming,certainfuzesare
hatis,theexplosivetrainissointerrupted
tiveelementsshould functionprematurely,
odeuntilafteritleavesthe muzzleofthe
artilleryfuzesarein anunarmedcon-
ghinastrictsense timefuzesarealways
nicalrestraintwhichpreventsinitiationof
mpacttypeare usuallyarmedbycentrif-
f thefuzeaftertheprojectileleavesthe
oftimefuzesis initiatedattheinstant
app.I).To preventaccidentalarming
ng,safetydevicessuchasa safetywire
enrequired.Suchsafetydevicesaretobe
s.a.Adapters.Anadapterisa steel
ofashelland threadedtoreceivethefuze.
booster"isappliedtoone oftheexplosive
argeexplosivetrain.It consistsessentially
a metalcase.Insomedesignsthebooster
gassembly,inothers itisassembledtothe
hemostcommonlyusedboosterexplosive.
iveelementinchemicalshellwhichopensthe
micalagentis calleda"burster."
enaboosterisassembledto anadapter,the
nadapter-booster.Ingeneral,adaptersand
assembledtotheshellorfuze atthetimeof
hippedseparatelyforassemblyinthe field.
a.General.Ingeneral,propelling
onsistof achargeofsmokeless(NHor
erchargeofblackpowder,assembledin
owdersusedaspropellantsare described
enatureofthecontainerdependsupon
on.Inthe caseofsmall-armsandfixed
ecase,crimpedrigidlytothebulletor projec-
rfor thecharge,whichisassembledloosely
eryammunition,thecharge,beingdivided
rzone firing,isassembledwitheachincre-
ullcharge,withallincrementsinproper
artridgecasewhich,for thiskindofam-
theendofthe projectile.Insemifixed
crements,consistingofbundlesofsheet
enthebladesofthefins. Theignition
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
Sign
ature[undefined]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
57/214
2
tercharge.Insmall-armsammunition,the
equatetoigniteproperlythesmallgrains
igniteris notrequired.Infixedandsemi-
terchargeofblackpowderiscontainedin
eryprimerwhichisfittedinto thebaseofthe
eloadingammunitionthepropellantand
ncloth bags.Dependinguponthedesign
nownassingle sectionormultisection
tionchargesaresubdividedinto"baseand
n,"and"unequalsection"types.Separate
s,whichareshippedandstoredincartridge
furtherdescribedbelow.,
Inthistypeofcharge(fig.32), thepro-
dina singlebag,tightlylacedtogivethe
gchargeisdividedinto threeparts,each
ds andacorewhichextendsaxiallythrough
dconnectstheigniter padssewedto
rge.Chargesofthistype(fig.32)have
moreincrements.Theincrementsmaybe
s,butusually weighlessthanthebasesec-
igniterpad isattachedtothebaseend
hileother typeshaveacoreigniterrunning
ase andeachincrement,withanigniter
basesection.Othershave,inthe basesec-
nectinganigniter padoneachend.
Thistypeofcharge(fig.32)is also
harge."Asthename implies,these
ivennumber ofequalsections.Inthose
rpad isseparate,tyingstrapsareprovided
he propellentcharge.Inotherdesigns
edinto parts,havinganigniterpadat the
nother typesthereisa longitudinalcore
gniterpadon eachendofeachsection.
mycharges,simulatingservicecharges,
ill projectilesforthepurposeoftraining
the piece.
sbeenfoundtobe themostsatisfactory
s,althoughwool,mohair,orcottonmay
owergradesofsilk.
eretwotypesof propellingchargesare
oneforinner,theotherfor outerzonesof
or theinnerzoneis dyedgreentodistin-
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
Sign
ature[undefined]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
58/214
ERAL
othertype whichisassembledinundyed
ctureusedforthe igniterchargeare
esenceof theblackpowderigniter.Those
dyed)aremarked"IGNITER."
General.Acannonprimer,commonly
mponentusedto initiatetheignitionofthe
ghmadeinvariousforms,itconsistses-
yof sensitiveexplosiveandalargerquan-
sedinametal container.Themethodof
veelementandthequantityof blackpow-
design ofthepropellingcharge(fig.35).
mifixedammunition,theprimer(fig.18)
nga slightlyenlargedheadwhichisforced
dgecase.Inthecaseofseparateloading
designedforinsertioninto thebreechblock
,friction,oranelectriccurrent.Basedon
onprimersareclassedas
eectric.
istypeofprimer(fig.36),designedto
ngpin, isgenerallyusedwithall artillery
orharbordefenseandrailwayartillery.
gecasescontainsufficientblackpowderto
esspowderinthecartridgecase.Those
gpropellingchargescontainonlyenough
blackpowderigniterattachedto thepro-
ypeofprimer(fig.36)is firedbythe
ratedplugis pulledthroughanexplosive
eatorfriction.Atthepresent timeitis
eelectricprimerinthe eventoffailureof
ypeofprimer(fig.36)is firedbythe
ectriccurrentpassesthrougharesistance
veexplosivecomposition.Itisused only
ayartillery.Althoughboththe friction
rysimilar,theelectricprimer isdistin-
naroundthewire.
n-electricprimer.Thisprimer(fig.36)
PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
59/214
3-86
erelectricallyorbyablow ofthefiringpin.
rbordefenseandrailwayartillery.
peofprimer,althoughverysimilarto
stherefrominthatit containsaninertcap
thepercussionelement.Itisintendedfor
mmunitionwhichisdesignedtobe firedbya
fromtheserviceprimerpassesthroughthe
ngprimer,thusignitingthe blackpowder
er.
lingchargeexplosivetrain,the
ckpowder)whichintensifiesthespit from
theendthat thepropellentpowderis
"igniter"ismorecommonlyusedin
gein theformof"pads"or"cores"at-
parateloadingpropellingcharges.The
soflatermanufacturearemadeofred
omthebags containingthepropellent
4 andpar.82.)Priorto packingin
clothor paper"igniterprotectorcap"is
sof separateloadingpropellingcharges
mentandstorage.Igniterprotectorcaps
oading thechargeintothecannon.
a.General.Blankammunitionispro-
upto andincluding105mm,forpractice
forfiringthemorningandeveninggun,and
nsgoverninguseofblankammunition
,AR600-25,AR 600-30,andsectionII,
artment,1941.
ecompleteroundofblankammunitioncon-
h primer,achargeofblackpowder,a
sealed inthemouthofthe case.The
adebytrimmingthe servicecartridgecase
calroundofblankammunitionisillus-
nhandling.a.Inadditionto the
chapter3,thefollowingwillbeobserved:
ytherotatingbandsandcartridgecases,
hdamageaswouldaffecttheir serviceability.
willaffecttheflight characteristicsofthe
gecasemayjaminthe chamber.
ntainerswillnotbebrokenuntilthe
exceptas requiredforinspection.
gsensitiveexplosivessuchasfuzes,
PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
60/214
ERAL,
illbeprotectedfromundueshockandhigh
etodisassemblefuzesinthefield without
theChiefofOrdnance.
a.Packing.Exceptforcalibers
harepackedin ametal-linedbox,fixedand
ackedasassembledcompleteroundsin
ntainerswhicharebundledor boxed(fig.
munitionispackedseparatelyasfollows:
eprojectileswithgrommettoprotect
boltliftingplugs (fig.23).
or-piercing,havingawindshieldorfalse
.41).
ellingchargesinairtightmetalcar-
9).
alormoisture-resistantcontainersand
dboxes(fig.42).
oostersinindividualwaterproofor
nersandthese,inturn,inwoodenormetal-
munition,incommonwithothertypes,
andmarkingandtheaccompanying
ar.8).Thebasiccolorschemeyellow,
plosive;gray,chemical;blue,practice;
oartilleryammunition.However,there
cticeprojectilesoflarger caliberwhich
tiscontemplatedthatwhenreplacement
eywill bepaintedbluein agreementwith
mor-piercingprojectileswhichcontaina
ntedyellow;thosetoosmall tohavea
zeare paintedblack.Themarkingonthe
inwhichfired.
oke,etc.).
.
kedonothercomponents.Forexamples
ures19,23,31, and38.Furtherinfor-
eTechnicalManualsandFieldManuals
ypeandcaliber ofammunitionand
PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
61/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
62/214
Shell.H.E..Ml(withM48P.D. Fuze)for
-1-75,P.
rsenal
y1550F
.in.
6ozs.
fired,approx..Zonett.
ert.
NT
PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
63/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
64/214
RASSEMBLY
etail.
i
NNON-,
OW)-26.81MAX.
ell.
PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
65/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
66/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
67/214
l.
ED
E
LS
detonating.M4(i.
DE-
NUFACTURE,
OFDRAWING.
LSAND
3-second,M1907M.
PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
68/214
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
69/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
70/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
71/214
NTOPOFINCREMENT-
reenbag,M1A1.
NTOPOFINCREMENT-
whitebag,M2.
UMBERANDYEAROF LOADING
MENT
er.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
Sign
ature[undefined]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
72/214
1-GRAIN,MK.2AI
ELECTRICAND
D.I
14
100-GRAIN,MIBIAI
22A2
mers.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
Sign
ature[undefined]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
73/214
HANE
blankammunition.
g.RAPD4I3
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
Sign
ature[undefined]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
74/214
oragecaseandcharge.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
Sign
ature[undefined]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
75/214
MARKINGINBLACK)
king.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
Sign
ature[undefined]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
76/214
kingcrate.
ngcan.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
Sign
ature[undefined]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
77/214
8
cation89
ndling97
remissilesdesignedforreleasefrom
afetytheyareusuallystored andshipped
Foruseinthefield theyareissuedas
oundswhichmustbeassembledpriortouse.
3.)Whilethecomponentsofbombsdiffer,
artypeandmodel,in generaltheyconsist
horwithout finassembly.
maller bombs,assembledtobombas
bly.
ompleterounddemolitionbombareshown
airplanesbymeansof suspensionlugs
mb.Bombsof 100poundsandheavier
ontheside ofthebodyarrangedforhori-
omb.Smallerbombshaveonelug onthe
ilend,therebypermittingthebombto
izontalorverticalbombrack.
bsisdependentprimarilyuponthe
retosuperquick,delay,ortime.The
yareusedin referencetotheactionat
reastimerefersto timeafterrelease.
edfromarmingor functioningbymeans
normallyremovedbythebomb'srelease
s necessarytoremovethearmingwire
onsattachedtothefuze willbecarefully
eforreleasingthebombfromthe air-
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
Sign
ature[undefined]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
78/214
ERAL
earmingwirefromthefuze whenitis
uldland withoutfunctioning.
severaltypesofbombsisincludedin
Forcompletedetailsofthevarioustypes
0.
tification.a.Dependinguponthe
e classifiedaccordingtopurposeasdemo-
actice.Practicebombsareprovidedfor
p;theymayhavealowexplosivespotting
t.Drill bombs,whichareinert,provide
g(fuzing)andhandlingthe complete
hothertypesofammunition,areidenti-
ng,andthe accompanyingammunition
tion,thesamebasiccolorschemewhich
stokindof filler(par.8)is used
thebombidentifiesit astotype,weight,
oadingplant,anddateloaded.Repre-
owninfigures47and 48.
.Thesebombsaredesignedforthede-
materieltargets,thedestructiveeffect
theviolenceofthedetonation,although
itionaldamage,particularlywhenthedeto-
nd.Thewallsofsuchbombsarerelatively
is almost50percentofthetotal weight
s obtainedbyusingafuzedesignedfor
geffect,byadelayactionfuze.Standard
deinsizesrangingfrom 100to4,000pounds
othnoseandtailfuze (fig.43).Exceptfor
sare shippedseparately(fig.47).The
bsofcurrentdesignare cylindrical;those
mlined.Figure44showsa typicaldemo-
eround;figure45showsthebombasshipped
d;figure46showsthepackingcrate.
aredemolitionbombsmodifiedforuse
s.Thesearedesignedforpiercing
other similarlyarmoredtargetsandcon-
heyareofheavierconstructionthan
tainarelativelysmallerpercentageof
esignedfortailfuzes ofthetimedelay
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
Sign
ature[undefined]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
79/214
2-94
s.a.Fragmentationbombsarede-
onnelandlight materieltargetssuchas
nes,theprincipaldestructiveeffectbeing
thebombbodyprojectedathigh velocity,
2to0.3ounceseach.Bombsweighing20
ativelythickwalls producethemosteffec-
sivefillerweighsapproximately15percent
omb..Tailfinsareused tostabilizethe
hoseused forspecialpurposessuchaslow
caseaparachuteisused toretardthe
eairplanehasclearedthedangerarea.
edesignedfornosefuzeonly.Fragmenta-
nassembledcompleteroundsinwooden
ndlepackings.Typicalfragmentationbombs
incendiarybombsareassembledin
ffectiveuseand foreaseinhandlingand
ssupporttheindividualbombsandin turn
bombracks.Theclusteris droppedfrom
armingwireactstorelease thebombs
ymechanicalmeansdirectlyorbyfiring a
eirrelease.
ombscontainingchemicalagentswhich
ng physiologicaleffect,ascreeningsmoke,
ycombinationofthese,aretermedchemical
sgas,smoke,orincendiary,depending
Theforcenecessarytoopenthebombbody
hemicalagentisprovidedby anexplosive
Asthebodyneed serveonlyasacontainer
ewallsarevery thinandtheproportionof
ylarge.Chemicalbombsareauthorized
zes.Fuze actionissuperquicktoprevent
argebyitsbeingcarriedunderground.
edfinned,butwithoutfuzeandburster,in
hemicalbombisshowninfigure50.
cticebombsareprovidedfortraining
aybesandloadedatpoint ofuseandthey
vespottingchargewhichforsomeuses,such
maybeomitted.Suchbombsare designed
servicebombsofthefragmentationandde-
acticebomb,onewhichsimulatesthe
nfigure51.
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
Sign
ature[undefined]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
80/214
ERAL
bsareprovidedfortraining inassem-
operations.Theyarethe samesizeand
ionbombs,ranginginweightfrom100 to
entsareinert.
ombfuzesareclassifiedaccordingto
mechanicaldelay.
medelay.
etypesmaybedesignedforusein the
b.
nhandling.Bombsandcomponents
din chapter3.Inaddition,thefollowing
willbehandledwith thegreatestcare
ll betakentoseethat primer-detonator
omall foreignmaterialpriortoassem-
oabomb.
andlingservicebombs,personnel
drillandpracticewithdrillbombsand inert
safeandproperassembly.
sedtoseethatthesectionofarming wire
eissmoothand straight,askinksorburs
a.Packing.(1)Allbombsare
d.Thenoseandtail fuzeopeningsare
whichwillnot beremovedexceptwhenthe
the completeroundisbeingassembled.
hing100poundsor lessareshipped
eteroundinonepackage.Bombsweigh-
reshippedintwopackages;one,theloaded
ands,theothercontainingthefin assembly
uiredfortheround.
appropriate,thecolorschemeusedfor
bedinparagraphs8and 89isusedon the
llinformationforidentificationanddirec-
edon containersforbombsandcompon-
ieswhennocontainerisused.
mponentsrequiredforthecomplete
hippingcontainerinwhichthesecom-
ked.Itisusual,however,tostore these
PublicDomain,Google-digitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access_
use#pd-google
Sign
ature[undefined]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
81/214
nd,whensuchisthecase,thewordWITH-
listof componentsontheshippingcon-
componentsarepackedwiththeirrespec-
or shipment,thewordWITHOUTis
ng thecomponentsaspacked,isinserted
,orbox.
PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
82/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
83/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
84/214
ED-1
R'^M^RApp425A
olition,1,000-pound(asshipped).
PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
85/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
86/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
87/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
88/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
89/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
90/214
9-102
101
gnals102
ndling109
otechnics(fig.52)are designedto
purposesofillumination,orcoloredlights
metypesareprojectedfrom,or usedon,
asedor projectedfromairplanes.
ccordingtouse,pyrotechnicsmaybe
round.
raft.
rdingtopurposeis
ing.
sforillumination.
whenprovidedwitha parachute,isknown
itions.a.Apyrotechniccomposition
micalelementsandcompoundswhichpro-
gfromthe"darkfire"usedas elementsof
nt flashusedinnightphotography.
functionbymeansofanignitertrain
etrain.Itis initiatedbyaprimermixture,
ompound"whichproperlyignitesthe
omposition,ingeneral,consistsofchlo-
rburning;aluminumormagnesiumfor fuel;
tiumsaltsforcolor;anda bindingand
asasphaltorparaffin.
nicsignals.Whilethedistanceat
sarevisibleanddistinguishablevarieswith
weatherconditions,thefollowingdatamay
PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
91/214
obabledistancesatwhichsignalsaredis-
eweatherconditions:
ible,butnotdistinguishable,atgreaterdistances.Thevisibilityofcolors
elyasfollows:green,1;white,1.1;amber,1.4;red,2.8.
-Flares(fig.52)are usedforillumina-
operationsinvolvingreconnaissance,bom-
andlanding.
Theflare,aircraft,parachute,M9,shown
dtosatisfy therequirementforasmall
aissancework.Itisfiredfromthe pistol,
tionsapproximately2%secondsafter
oneminute,producinga lightof60,000
(1)Theflare,aircraft,parachute,M24.
dfornightbombing.It isaparachutetype
tectthebombardierfromthe glareofthe
eburnsfor3y2minutes,producinga
candlepower.Theflareisdesignedfor
izontalbombracks,andmaybereleased
released"safe,"theflaremayfunction
"armed,"theflarebecomesfullyignited
chute,M26,showninfigure56,is sta-
withamechanicaltimefuzeadjustable
seconds.Itisdesignedto functionata
release,dependinguponthesettingofthe
hefuzeprojectsthecandle,shade,and
Thecandleigniteswhentheparachute
nutes,producingapproximately800,000
nasbestosshadewhichsupportstheflare
rfromtheglare.I tisdesignedfornight
einstalledonlyina horizontalrackinthe
deither"armed"or "safe";ifreleased
iononimpact.
PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
92/214
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
93/214
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
94/214
08-110
ge.Thesignalsburnforapproximately
sinhandling.a.Storage.Pyro-
tedagainstmoisture.Containerswhich
moisturewill becarefullyexamined,and
moistureonthepyrotechnicstheywillbe
ouldbehandledwith careandprotected
houldnotbedroppedor thrown.They
otherkindsofammunition.Photoflash
edamagedinhandlingorstorageshouldbe
withtheprovisionsofchapter4.Theywill
ranycircumstances.
nconcerningtheserviceablelifeofflares
flares,seeOFSB3-9.
materialispoisonoustomenand animals
ouldbeusedtoholdthe pistolwhendis-
,parachute,M9,becauseofthepowerful
effectofpyrotechnicmaterialshouldbe
materialinthevicinityof drybrush
ersoverterrainotherthanmilitaryreser-
flaresand photoflashbombswillbeob-
ught outanddestroyedassoonas possible.
.a.Packing.Pyrotechnicsare
nlined,nailedorwire-boundwoodenboxes.
packedin innercontainersconsistingof
cartons,cylindricalfibercontainers,ormetal
edippedinparaffintoprotectthe contents
nersarelabeledormarkedtoshowthe
uantity,andlimiting dateforuse,ifany.
Pyrotechnicsaremarkedinsuch away
ificationforall purposes.Eachitemis
r kind,lotnumber,andlimitingdatefor
PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
95/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
96/214
ft,parachute,M8A1.
K)-
t,M13.
LACK)
ft,parachute,MO.
PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
97/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
98/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
99/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
100/214PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
101/214
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
102/214
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
103/214
RESERVATION
precautions111-113
nce119-132
33-139
firing 145-153
defenses154
points155-157
UTIONS
a.General.Astudyofaccidents
ehandling,shipping,and storageofexplo-
wsthat,inpracticallyeveryinstancewhere
ned,theaccident hasbeenduetocircum-
sedas avoidable.Therefore,thefollowing
swillbestrictlyenforced.
munitionshouldbehandledunderthe
ceror oth* competentpersonwhounder-
ardsandrisksinvolved.Personshandling
pressedwiththefactthat theirsafetyas
endsupontheintelligenceandcareexerciser
rfellowworkers.
munitionshouldnotbepermittedto
eanycomponents.Seriousaccidentsmay
unitionshouldcleanallmud andgrit
teringthemagazine,car,or boatinwhich
munition.
hoesshouldbewornwheneverexplosive
blackpowderorhighexplosiveloading
reshoeswithoutexposedmetalplatesor
grubbersoles.
PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
104/214
11-112
(1)Explosivesandammunitionshould
hookswillnotbeused. Containerswill
hrown,ordroppedoneachother oron
pairing,opening,orclosingcontainers
osivesshouldbeofnonferrousor nonspark-
itionshouldnotbeexposedto moisture
ectraysofthesun foranylongperiod.If
es temporarilyoutsideofmagazinesorcars,
thatarpaulinwhichis soplacedthatair
h,thepile.
reconditioned,renovated,orsalvaged
nlessthesites, buildings,orcarsinwhich
votedexclusivelytosuchworkandare
hecommandingofficer.
vesspillorsiftfroma leakycontainer,
l theexplosiveshavebeensweptupand
ngparticlesordusthavebeenneutralized
atchesorotherflame-producingde-
n anymagazineormagazineareaexcept
mthecommandingofficer.Whennecessary,
carrysafetymatches.Theywillbecar-
eptacle.
elyprohibitedin anymagazineor
cars,wagons,motortrucks,orboatsinwhich
munition.
thanapprovedelectriclanternsand
magazinesoraroundexplosivesandammu-
tortrucks,orboats.Electriclanternsand
eBureauofMinesor byUnderwriters
upD locationsmaybeusedinlieu ofsuch
efofOrdnance.
owerlineswhereauthorizedwithin
unitionandexplosivesorexplosivevapors
ancewithdrawingsandspecificationsap-
nance.
a.Magazinesandmagazineareasin
sandammunitionshouldbeadequately
zineareasshouldbe protectedbynon-
ntrancesshouldbesecurelylockedunless
PublicDomain,
Google-d
igitized
/http://www.h
athitrust.org/access
_use#pd-g
oogle
Sign
ature
[un
de
fine
d]
-
8/13/2019 Tm 9-1900 1942 AMMUNITION GENERAL
105/214
ENERAL
m.Specialprecautionsshouldbetaker
ot protectedbyasuitablefence.
argeofex