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Winterwind 2012, 7-8 February, Skellefteå
Mikael Järn, Kenth Johansson, Sofia Målberg, Agne Swerin
YKI, Institute for Surface Chemistry
New Nordic research using nanotechnology
to avoid problems with ice TOP
NANO
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YKI, Institute for Surface Chemistry
Your Research and Innovation Partner
in Applied Surface Chemistry
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Services of YKI
• Research projects
– Bilateral contracts
– Industry and government funded consortium
projects
• Consultancy service
– Surface chemistry expertise
– Analytical service
– Feed back on new product and application ideas
To develop and transfer competence, solutions and
new technologies to industrial sectors where surface
chemistry is of importance.
YKI Mission
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YKI in brief
• Owner: SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden
• Employees: 65 persons
• Located at KTH (Royal Institute of Technology) campus, Stockholm Sweden
• Turnover (2010): SEK 68 Million (SP Group 1000)
• High level instrument park (reinvestment 6-12% annually)
• Extensive collaboration with universities and industrial institutes both in
Sweden and internationally
• 35 member companies, of which 50% have their headquarters
outside Sweden
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Sectors where YKI work on applied surface chemistry
Biotech/Medtech
Chemicals
Cleaning
Cleantech
Coatings Printing Foods
Materials
Paper and Packaging Personal and Beauty Care Pharmaceuticals
Polymers
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Instruments
YKI has a unique combination of instruments in the area of
surface and colloid science.
The instruments are divided into following categories:
Liquid Surfaces
• Surface Tension
• Foams and Thin Films
• Adsorption at the Liquid Surface
Solid Surfaces
• Surface Modification
• Surface Analysis
• Adsorbed Layers
• Interaction Between Surfaces
Particles and Dispersions
• Preparation
• Size and Distribution
• Physical Properties of Dispersions
Surfactant and/or Polymers
in Solution
• Phase Behavior
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Can nanotechnology solve ice and frost problems?
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Keep aircraft, wind turbine blades and heat exchanger surfaces free from ice
and contaminants using nanotechnology surface coatings
– Nordic project with funding from industry
www.topnano.se and the Top-level Research Initiative
Duration 2010-2014
Grant from Top-level Research Initiative. Total project budget 35 MSEK
TOP
NANO
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YKI (SP) and KTH: Surface chemistry expertise
VTT: Ice physics expertise
Aarhus University: Surface grafting expertise
Research partners
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Companies from aircraft, wind power, heat-exchanger industry and
coating companies
Industrial partners
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Aim: Utilizing Nanotechnology to create
surfaces where ice formation is reduced
Optimization of surface chemistry and surface
topography on the nanometer scale to delay ice
and condensation formation.
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Approaches
The lead ideas to reduce ice formation are:
- use of superhydrophobic surfaces
- use of surfaces exposing chemical groups that
are classified as water-structure breakers
- to understand on a molecular level why or why not these
concepts work
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• The sample can be cooled down to -20 C
• Heating/cooling device for temperature control (-10 C to +90 C) of dispensed
droplets
• Thermosensors for simultaneous monitoring of the temperature in the air, droplet
and at the surface
• Climate chamber under construction
New methodologies – Contact angle device
Study of water droplets freezing
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• Accurately determine when water freezes under equilibrium and dynamic
conditions (millisecond time scale)
• Evaluate the formation of frost
• Determine the degree of supercooling
• Effects of ions and functional groups
Spectroscopic methods
Exploratory tests provide proof of principle:
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• Frost formation on a sample by changing the chamber pressure at
subzero temperatures.
• The setup has been improved for creating HD movies
E-SEM – Environmental scanning electron microscopy
~20 %RH
1,2 hPa
~100 %RH
5,3 hPa
~ 60 %RH
~ 75 %RH
2,7 hPa
Dry condition Humid condition
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The force to remove a frozen ice pillar from a sample is monitored
Ice adhesion measurements
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 2 4 6 8 10
Pre
ssu
re (k
Pa)
time (s)
Hydrophilic sample
Hydrophobic sample
883 kPa 102 kPa
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2nd Annual TopNANO seminar on nanotech for deicing, Nov. 2012
Public seminar with invited speakers
A follow-up on the 1st Annual TopNANO seminar on nanotech for
deicing, which was held Nov. 8, 2011
Topics:
- New insights in ice and frost formation using advanced spectroscopy
- Aspects of ice formation and adhesion
- How to mimic nature to avoid ice accretion
- Pros and cons of superhydrophobic coatings in deicing
- Laminar-flow liquid-to-air heat exchangers – energy-efficient display cabinet
applications
- Managing ice and frost issues in wind turbine applications
Upcoming events
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• TopNANO – A Nordic research project coordinated by YKI where
nanotechnology is utilized to solve the problem with ice
• Industrial partners from different application areas: wind power,
aircraft and heat-exchanger
• A wide range of methodologies are used to increase the
understanding of how different surface properties affect the
formation of ice
Meet us at the booth at the exhibition!
Summary