Download - Torrey Pines High School Canyon Field Study
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Torrey Pines High School Torrey Pines High School Canyon Field StudyCanyon Field Study
An Inquiry Lesson in the Ecology of the
Coastal Sage &
ChaparralCommunities
Of San Diego County
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PURPOSE of STUDY:PURPOSE of STUDY:
• San Diego County has a unique range of ecological communities that begin at the coast line and progress westward across the coastal plain, into foothills, mountains, and a desert region.
• The rain shadow effect created by this geographical transect provides a unique set of micro climates that define these communities.
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Purpose cont.Purpose cont.
• East and West Facing canyons along the coastal belt show similar plant transitions and microclimates
• Students analyze these slopes and then compare and contrast their findings to the larger geographic distributions
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Class Objectives:Class Objectives:To collect data to demonstrate plantdistribution by microclimate using• Temperature, • Soil Conditions, • Moisture &• Animal or human interference)To document seasonal changes from Fall toSpring
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ProcedureProcedure
• Students collect field data on biotic and abiotic factors of the canyon.
• And then match the microclimate features to the key index plants
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Key TermsKey TermsCoastal Sage and
Chaparral-
• a scrub land biome • of dense shrubs • found along the coast• characterized by
mild, rainy winters• and long, hot, dry
summers
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Key Terms . . . . . . . .Key Terms . . . . . . . .
• Humus-The product of decaying matter from plants, animals, and decomposers
• Index Plant-A main plant found in abundance in a particular community
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Key Terms . . . . . . . .Key Terms . . . . . . . .
• Transect Line-A line of vegetation selected for charting plants.
• Microclimate-A climate of an area with important factors such as precipitation and temperature.
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Canyon OverviewCanyon Overview
Climax Areas havestable plantCommunities:• West Facing
Slope(III)• East Facing
Slope(I)• Riparian Area
(Stream bed-I)
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Plant AdaptationsPlant Adaptations . . . . . . . . . .
In order to survive harshconditions plants musthave special features toutilize the available:• moisture• sunlight• nutrients and protect them from
animals
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Highly Adapted Plants . . . . . .Highly Adapted Plants . . . . . .
Prickly Pear Cactus
• Leaves are ?• Needles for ?• Stem is green for?• Thick & Soft to
store?
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Key Difference between:Key Difference between:
Adaptations that help a plant to survive a hot, dry climate by
• preventing water lossversus
• allowing for water storage
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Adaptations . . . . . . . .Adaptations . . . . . . . .
Too much light or heatcan be as damaging astoo little & require:• long narrow or tiny leaves • thick hard stems• thick waxy cuticle on leavesto reduce water loss.
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Plant Adaptations of the West Plant Adaptations of the West Facing Slope Facing Slope TopTop areas . . . . areas . . . .
Chamise• hard woody stem • small leaves to prevent
water loss. • most highly adapted of
the shrubs • for a hot, dry climate.
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Mid slope regionsMid slope regions . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lemonade Berry• Thick waxy cuticle on
leaves • Thick stems to prevent
water loss• BUT broad leaf is not as
able to survive extreme conditions, so it is a mid slope belt
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Plants in the lower slope regionsPlants in the lower slope regions
Black Sage• Strong aroma• Moderately large
leaves• Turned upward to
catch moisture• Silver backing to
reflect the hot light
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Mid Slope Plants cont. . .Mid Slope Plants cont. . . . . . . . . . .
Baccharis or Chaparral Broom• Small light green
leaves• Green top stems• Hard woody bottom
stems• Stiff & bushy…
broom!
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Questions to ponder?Questions to ponder?
Flattop Buckwheat• How does it get its
name?• Why so many leaves?• What function does
the swirl & clustering of these leaves provide?
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Mid Slope Plants…….Mid Slope Plants…….Ceanotheus• What shape is the
leaf?• What advantage
in a hot, dry climate
• What type of stem adaptation
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Riparian PlantsRiparian Plants . . . . . . . . . . . .
Riparian =Stream BedUndergoes successionbecause of stream erosion • Rushes are round• Sedges have edges• Cattails• Large deep rooted
trees
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Plant Adaptations of the Plant Adaptations of the RiparianRiparian
Laurel Sumac-• long, broad leaves are
NOT well adapted• curled leaves • help gather water & • reduce the amount of
surface area exposed to the hot sun
• thick woody stem • to prevent water loss
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The Succession Study Area IVThe Succession Study Area IV
Succession Area• South slope adjacent to the football field• Cleared & filled for the stadium • Grasses, small shrubs, and opportunistic
species first colonize these areas.This secondary succession area once hadliving organism but was destroyed & is now
recovering.
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Plants in the Succession area . . . Plants in the Succession area . . .
California Sage• Strong aroma• Very narrow, long
leaves• Light gray coloration
Reflects hot intense sun light
• Green stemIncreases photosynthesis area
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Plant Adaptations of the East Plant Adaptations of the East Facing SlopeFacing Slope
Scrub Oak- • relatively large tree-like structure• dark, cupped oval leaves• for gathering water• with prickles for protection This plant is an index plant of the foothills community at higher, cooler, elevations.
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East Facing Slope…..East Facing Slope…..Mazanita- • large tree• long broad leaves• large surface, but are
curled downward• red, woody stem
prevents water loss.
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References References
• Http://bio.lmu.edu/socal_nat_hist/nathist.htm
• Ancinec, G. et al. 1979. Natural History of Southern California, A laboratory guide, Peek Publications, Palo Alto, CA.