DG TradeStatistical
Pocket Guide
Trade
DG
Tra
de S
tati
stic
al P
ock
et
Guid
e
NG-AA-13-001-EN
-C
This Trade Statistical Pocket
Guide contains selected tables
and graphs that outline the
current state of and recent
developments in the European
Union’s (EU’s) foreign trade,
i.e. its trade with the rest
of the world. It has been
compiled for the benefi t of the
Directorate-General for Trade’s
(DG Trade’s) policymakers.
Trade
doi:10.2781/53701
European CommissionTrade Statistical - Pocket GuideLuxembourg: Publications Offi ce of the European Union2013 — 90 pp. — 14,8 x 21 cmISBN 978-92-79-27057-4doi 10.2781/53701
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION
DG TradeChief Economist UnitStatistics SectorCHARB-1049 Brussels Belgium
E-mail: [email protected]
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Directorate-General Trade2013
DG TradeStatistical
Pocket Guide
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Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2013
ISBN 978-92-79-27057-4
doi 10.2781/53701
© European Union, 2013
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
Printed in Belgium
PRINTED ON ELEMENTAL CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHED PAPER (ECF)
5
This Trade Statistical Pocket Guide contains selected tables and
graphs that outline the current state of and recent developments in
the European Union’s (EU’s) foreign trade, i.e. its trade with the rest
of the world. It has been compiled for the benefit of the Directorate-
General for Trade’s (DG Trade’s) policymakers.
Statistics on trade in goods, trade in services and foreign direct
investment are key elements in any description of the trade
performance of the EU with the rest of the world. These have
been published by the statistical office of the EU (Eurostat) and by
international organisations such as the World Bank, the International
Monetary Fund (IMF), the United Nations (UN) and the World Trade
Organization (WTO). The most recently available statistics have been
included but databases are updated daily and small discrepancies
are inevitable.
The statistics are presented in the form of tables and graphs, broken
down by the main trading partners, product category and year.
Additional supportive statistics such as gross domestic product (GDP),
exchange rates, and trade by Member State have also been added.
Further information about this booklet, its contents and the
methodology used can be obtained from DG Trade’s Statistics desk
Brussels, May 2013
Introduction
6 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ INTRODUCTION AND GLOSSARY
7
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS �BOP�
The BoP is a statistical statement that systematically summarises,
over a given period of time, all the transactions of an economy with
the rest of the world. The BoP records all economic transactions
undertaken between residents and non-residents of a country
during a given period.
The BoP is broken down into three broad sub-balances.
Current account
This shows the flow of goods, services, income and current
transfers between resident and non-resident units.
Capital account
This covers all transactions involving:
(a) the receipt or payment of capital transfers (debt forgiveness,
migrant’s transfers, transfers of ownership of fixed assets,
transfers linked to, or conditional on, the acquisition or
disposal of fixed assets, etc.);
(b) the acquisition/disposal of non-produced, non-financial assets,
which includes transactions associated with tangible assets
(e.g. land and subsoil assets) and transactions associated
with intangible assets (e.g. patents, copyrights, trademarks,
franchises, etc.).
Financial account
This covers all transactions associated with changes of ownership
in the foreign financial assets and liabilities of an economy.
Glossary
8 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ INTRODUCTION AND GLOSSARY
COMMERCIAL SERVICES
Services are one of the categories of the current account. The main
breakdown of services includes three categories: transportation,
travel and other services.
Commercial services include all services with the exclusion of
government services, not included elsewhere (n.i.e.), covering
government transactions (and those of international organisations).
EFFECTIVE EXCHANGE RATES
The real effective series ‘measures’ the change in competitiveness
of a country, by taking into account the change in costs or prices
relative to other countries. A rise in the index indicates a loss of
competitiveness. The two main types of rates are explained below.
Nominal effective exchange rate (NEER)
The NEER (or, equivalently, the trade-weighted currency index) of
a country (or currency area) tracks changes in the value of that
country’s currency relative to the currencies of its principal trading
partners. It is calculated as a weighted geometric average of the
bilateral exchange rates against the currencies of competing
countries.
Real effective exchange rate (REER)
Changes in cost and price competitiveness depend not only
on exchange rate movements, but also on cost and price
trends. The REER (or, equivalently, the relative price and cost
indicators) aims to assess a country’s (or currency area’s) price
or cost competitiveness relative to its principal competitors in
international markets. It corresponds to the NEER deflated by
nominal unit labour costs (total economy) and consumer prices
(the consumer price index (CPI) and the Harmonised Index of
Consumer Prices (HICP)).
The trade-weighted baskets of competitor countries used is the
broad group (41) = EU-27 + 14 other industrial countries (Australia,
9
Brazil, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand,
Norway, Russia, South Korea, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
States).
For the broad group (41), only HICP/CPI–deflated real effective
exchange rates are available.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT �FDI�
FDI is the category of international investment made by an entity
resident in one economy (direct investor) to acquire a lasting interest
in an enterprise operating in another economy (direct investment
enterprise). The lasting interest is deemed to exist if the direct
investor acquires at least 10 % of the voting power of the direct
investment enterprise.
Two main indicators are used:
1) FDI flows denote the new investment made during the period;
2) FDI stocks (or positions) denote the value of the investment
at the end of the period.
For both of these, FDI statistics record separately:
1) the inward FDI (or FDI in the reporting economy), namely
investment by foreigners in enterprises resident in the
reporting economy;
2) the outward FDI (or FDI abroad), namely investment by
resident entities in affiliated enterprises abroad.
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT �GDP�
As an aggregate measure of production, the GDP of a country
is equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident
institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus
any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs).
10 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ INTRODUCTION AND GLOSSARY
PURCHASING POWER PARITY �PPP�
A PPP is a price relative, which measures the number of units of
country B’s currency that are needed in country B to purchase the
same quantity of an individual good or service, as one unit of country
A’s currency will purchase in country A.
PPPs are therefore the rates of currency conversion that equalise the
purchasing power of different currencies by eliminating the differences
in price levels between countries.
TRADE IN GOODS: CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
Harmonized System (HS)
The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, more
briefly known as the HS, is a multipurpose international product
nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization
(WCO).
The HS is organised into 21 sections and 96 chapters. It comprises
around 5 000 commodity groups, each identified by a 6-digit code.
Standard International Trade Classification (SITC)
The SITC is a product classification of the UN used for external
trade statistics (export and import values and volumes of goods).
It is designed to provide the commodity aggregates for purposes
of economic analysis and to facilitate international comparisons
of trade-by-commodity data. It is divided into 10 basic sections.
TRADE IN GOODS: STATISTICAL REGIME
Merchandise trade statistics included in this booklet are based on the
general trade system (also known as ‘Statistical regime 4’ or ‘Total
trade’). In this system, the recorded aggregates include all goods
entering or leaving the economic territory of a country with the
exception of simple transit trade. In particular, all goods received into
customs warehouses are recorded as imports, regardless of whether
they subsequently go into free circulation in the Member State of
receipt. Similarly, outgoing goods from customs warehouses are
11
included in the general trade aggregates, at the time they leave the
Member State.
This general system is the result of three other regimes, presented
below.
Normal trade
goods are exported defi nitively, or imported and released into free
circulation in the EU customs territory.
Trade under inward processing procedures
goods are imported temporarily (with an exemption from duties,
levies or other checks) so that they can be further processed
(assembled or transformed), and then all the resulting processed
products are exported outside EU.
Trade under outward processing procedures
intermediate goods are temporarily exported for further
processing in a non-EU country, and the processed products are
re-imported into the EU (with a full or partial exemption from
custom duties and levies).
TRADE IN GOODS:
INTRA�EU AND EXTRA�EU TRADE FLOWS
Outward fl ows from a Member State to a non-member country (extra-
EU) are called ‘exports’; outward fl ows from one Member State to
another (intra-EU) are called ‘dispatches’. Inward fl ows into a Member
State from a non-member country are called ‘imports’. Inward fl ows
into a Member State from another Member State are called ‘arrivals’.
SECTION 1WORLD TRADE
14 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 1 _ WORLD TRADE
Global exports of goods (billion EUR)
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007
World* 7,411.4 8,442.2 9,656.7 10,227.7
Argentina 27.8 32.4 37.1 40.7
Australia 69.6 85.3 98.3 103.1
Brazil 77.7 95.3 109.8 117.2
Canada 254.7 289.7 309.2 307.0
China 477.0 612.5 771.7 890.5
India 61.6 80.1 97.0 109.6
Indonesia 56.9 69.9 82.5 86.1
Japan 454.8 478.2 515.1 521.2
Mexico 151.1 172.2 199.1 198.3
Russia 147.3 196.0 241.8 258.6
Saudi Arabia 101.3 145.3 168.3 170.3
South Africa 37.1 41.5 46.3 50.9
South Korea 204.1 228.6 259.2 271.1
Turkey 50.8 59.1 68.1 78.3
United States 655.1 724.3 817.1 837.8
EU-27 ** 953.0 1,057.6 1,161.9 1,242.9
France 123.7 136.0 136.2 140.7
Germany 259.2 278.8 321.2 340.2
Italy 108.5 116.3 128.9 142.6
United Kingdom 115.1 136.4 134.2 136.0
*Coverage: Hong Kong, China’s re-exports are included ** For EU-27 and 4 EU Member States: trade with Extra EU-27 (World excluding Intra EU-27)
Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4), WTO
15
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
10,983.1 8,994.1 11,532.8 13,140.1 14,261.4
47.6 39.9 51.4 60.3 63.2
127.3 110.6 160.4 194.2 199.9
134.6 109.7 152.3 183.9 181.6
310.4 226.6 292.3 324.8 354.0
972.7 861.5 1,190.1 1,363.8 1,594.7
132.5 118.2 170.7 217.6 228.2
94.9 85.8 119.2 144.2 146.4
531.3 416.3 580.7 591.4 621.5
198.0 164.7 225.0 251.1 288.7
320.6 217.5 302.2 375.0 411.9
213.1 137.9 189.4 262.0 300.4
54.9 44.2 61.0 70.4 67.9
286.9 260.6 351.8 398.9 426.4
89.8 73.2 85.9 96.9 118.7
875.3 757.1 964.2 1,063.5 1,204.3
1,317.5 1,099.2 1,356.6 1,559.3 1,686.8
151.4 130.6 154.5 167.5 181.9
360.6 302.3 378.7 431.2 469.5
151.8 123.7 144.0 165.2 180.5
142.8 114.6 148.3 178.9 183.1
16 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 1 _ WORLD TRADE
Global imports of goods (billion EUR)
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007
World* 7,691.9 8,734.0 9,922.7 10,452.4
Argentina 18.0 23.1 27.2 32.6
Australia 87.9 100.7 110.9 120.6
Brazil 53.4 62.4 76.3 92.4
Canada 225.0 259.2 285.9 284.7
China 451.2 530.5 630.3 697.6
India 80.2 114.8 142.1 167.4
Indonesia 44.1 60.9 64.2 67.9
Japan 365.4 414.7 461.2 454.0
Mexico 162.6 183.5 209.8 211.8
Russia 78.3 100.8 130.8 163.1
Saudi Arabia 38.1 47.8 55.6 65.8
South Africa 43.0 50.1 62.7 64.5
South Korea 180.5 210.0 246.4 260.4
Turkey 78.4 93.9 111.2 124.1
United States 1,226.5 1,392.7 1,527.6 1,474.2
EU-27 ** 1,027.5 1,183.2 1,363.9 1,445.0
France 115.0 131.5 133.0 140.3
Germany 197.7 221.9 262.0 272.5
Italy 108.1 125.4 149.6 157.9
United Kingdom 166.3 183.7 213.6 215.7
*Coverage: Hong Kong, China’s re-exports are included ** For EU-27 and 4 EU Member States: trade with Extra EU-27 (World excluding Intra EU-27)Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4), WTO
17
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
11,263.3 9,159.7 11,695.0 13,280.9 14,451.3
39.1 27.8 42.6 53.1 53.3
136.2 118.6 152.1 175.1 203.1
124.0 95.8 144.5 170.2 181.6
284.9 236.5 303.8 332.9 369.6
770.0 721.2 1,053.2 1,252.5 1,415.1
218.3 184.4 264.2 333.7 380.9
86.7 67.2 102.1 126.6 148.1
518.4 395.7 523.5 614.5 689.5
216.4 173.2 234.0 259.4 296.1
198.4 137.5 187.5 232.6 261.1
78.3 68.5 80.6 94.6 112.2
69.1 53.1 71.1 87.4 95.5
295.9 231.6 320.7 376.7 404.4
137.3 101.0 140.0 173.0 184.1
1,475.0 1,150.9 1,485.4 1,627.8 1,817.7
1,582.9 1,233.1 1,530.5 1,724.2 1,791.7
155.1 123.8 145.5 169.0 172.1
293.0 235.2 292.7 329.7 331.5
173.3 126.7 166.0 185.7 178.4
217.6 188.3 227.1 248.7 280.0
18 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 1 _ WORLD TRADE
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007
World 1,807.1 2,019.7 2,263.3 2,495.7
Argentina 4.2 5.2 6.3 7.5
Australia 22.4 24.4 25.8 29.0
Brazil 9.3 11.9 14.3 16.5
Canada 39.4 43.7 46.9 46.5
China 51.9 59.4 72.8 88.8
India 30.5 b 42.0 b 55.3 63.2
Indonesia 9.4 b 10.1 8.8 8.8
Japan 76.3 86.8 91.7 b 92.6
Mexico 10.9 12.6 12.6 12.5
Russia 16.5 19.9 24.6 28.4
Saudi Arabia 4.7 9.0 b 11.1 11.5
South Africa 7.7 8.9 9.5 9.8
South Korea 34.7 38.8 44.1 52.1
Turkey 18.3 21.3 20.1 20.9
United States 268.1 292.4 322.6 346.3
EU-27 * 357.8 397.6 444.1 497.7
France 41.0 44.4 47.1 50.9
Germany 51.1 60.1 66.6 74.1
Italy 23.8 26.2 29.5 29.1
United Kingdom 92.4 95.6 110.3 123.6
Global exports of commercial services (billion EUR)
Commercial services = Services excluding Government services n.i.e Coverage of Australia, Canada, India, Russia and Saudi Arabia: Starting from 2009, data adjusted according to BPM5 methodology.* For EU and 4 EU Member States: trade with Extra EU (World excluding Intra EU-27)
19
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2,615.2 2,507.4 2,899.1 3,073.3 3,383.3
8.2 7.8 9.7 10.1 11.2 e
30.3 28.9 35.0 36.6 41.0 e
19.6 18.8 22.9 26.2 29.7 e
45.4 45.6 54.3 56.2 60.3
99.6 92.1 e 121.6 e 130.8 e 147.9 e
72.6 66.1 93.2 98.5 114.9 e
10.0 9.0 12.2 14.3 17.4 e
99.6 90.2 104.6 102.4 108.8 e
11.9 10.6 11.4 11.0 12.5 e
34.4 29.4 33.5 38.2 45.4 e
6.2 b 6.8 7.8 8.0 7.9 e
8.4 8.4 10.3 10.4 11.5 e
60.8 52.0 65.1 67.4 84.9 e
23.6 24.1 26.0 27.6 32.8 e
355.1 354.9 407.0 422.9 477.7 e
517.7 504.7 559.4 596.8 640.9 e
54.1 68.4 67.7 75.3 :
81.0 77.9 87.2 90.5 :
32.3 28.7 31.4 33.7 :
114.6 111.9 123.8 128.3 :
(b) Break in data continuity. Data beginning with the highlighted year do not form a consistent series with those from earlier years. (e) WTO estimate. (:) not availableSources: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det), WTO
20 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 1 _ WORLD TRADE
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007
World 1,725.0 1,916.0 2,118.2 2,315.8
Argentina 5.1 5.9 6.6 7.7
Australia 22.0 24.0 25.2 28.6
Brazil 13.0 18.0 21.6 25.3
Canada 46.6 52.2 57.2 59.6
China 58.0 67.0 79.9 94.3
India 28.4 b 37.6 b 46.4 51.4
Indonesia 16.6 b 17.6 16.9 17.6
Japan 104.8 106.6 106.6 b 108.4
Mexico 15.1 16.3 17.2 16.4
Russia 25.9 30.4 34.8 41.4
Saudi Arabia 8.9 15.8 b 23.5 33.5
South Africa 8.1 9.5 11.1 11.8
South Korea 40.2 47.4 55.2 61.3
Turkey 7.4 8.3 8.6 10.6
United States 205.3 219.9 245.6 247.3
EU-27 * 315.8 345.8 374.6 411.9
France 38.2 40.5 42.3 43.9
Germany 64.3 72.1 75.9 80.5
Italy 23.3 25.6 28.8 32.0
United Kingdom 54.2 59.2 64.0 68.1
Commercial services = Services excluding Government services n.i.e Coverage of Australia, Canada, Russia and Saudi Arabia: Starting from 2009, data adjusted according to BPM5 methodology.* For EU and 4 EU Member States: trade with Extra EU (World excluding Intra EU-27)
Global imports of commercial services (billion EUR)
21
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2,470.2 2,357.0 2,723.2 2,891.5 3,195.6
8.9 8.5 10.4 11.6 13.7 e
32.4 29.6 37.9 42.7 50.9 e
30.2 31.6 45.1 52.4 60.5 e
59.6 58.0 71.8 75.0 81.8
107.4 113.3 e 145.0 e 170.3 e 218.7 e
59.7 57.1 87.8 88.9 97.4 e
19.0 16.2 19.3 22.9 26.8 e
113.8 105.3 117.4 119.1 135.1 e
16.3 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.6 e
50.1 42.4 54.0 63.1 79.5 e
33.7 b 33.7 38.5 39.5 38.3 e
11.2 10.3 13.6 13.8 13.3 e
64.9 57.0 71.6 70.6 81.8 e
11.4 11.1 13.7 14.0 14.6 e
254.2 251.4 279.0 283.7 315.9 e
446.8 422.0 456.4 476.8 497.7 e
45.4 52.9 54.7 58.5 :
84.7 76.6 87.2 92.2 :
37.3 31.4 32.5 32.9 :
65.9 59.0 62.3 62.7 :
(b) Break in data continuity. Data beginning with the highlighted year do not form a consistent series with those from earlier years. (e) WTO estimate.
(:) not availableSources: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det), WTO
22 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 1 _ WORLD TRADE
Trade in goods and commercial services (% of GDP)
Countr
y2
00
42
00
52
00
62
00
72
00
82
00
92
01
02
01
12
01
2W
orl
d5
4.9
57
.56
0.8
62
.66
5.5
55
.46
0.3
64
.26
3.2
Arg
enti
na
45
.24
5.7
45
.64
6.6
47
.03
8.3
41
.24
2.3
38
.3 e
Aust
ralia
38
.33
9.9
42
.04
0.8
45
.64
0.4
41
.04
1.9
41
.2 e
Bra
zil
28
.82
6.5
25
.62
5.2
27
.52
2.0
22
.62
4.2
24
.3 e
Canada
69
.16
8.9
67
.06
5.6
66
.85
7.7
59
.26
1.7
61
.2Chin
a6
6.8
70
.07
2.0
69
.56
3.4
50
.0 e
56
.1 e
55
.5 e
52
.7 e
India
36
.24
2.3
47
.04
6.2
55
.74
7.2
50
.65
5.9
57
.8 e
Indonesi
a6
1.5
69
.05
9.4
57
.26
0.7
46
.24
7.2
50
.74
9.6
eJa
pan
26
.72
9.6
33
.93
7.0
38
.32
7.9
32
.03
3.7
33
.5 e
Mexi
co5
5.6
56
.45
7.9
58
.15
9.5
57
.46
2.4
64
.86
7.3
eRuss
ia5
6.4
56
.55
4.8
51
.85
3.4
48
.75
0.2
52
.05
0.7
eSaudi A
rabia
73
.58
2.5
86
.19
2.6
93
.78
0.2
79
.68
4.0
81
.0 e
South
Afr
ica
54
.45
5.4
62
.36
5.7
77
.35
6.7
56
.96
3.0
63
.0 e
South
Kore
a7
9.1
77
.37
9.8
84
.21
11
.91
00
.51
05
.71
13
.91
10
.9 e
Turk
ey
49
.14
7.0
49
.34
9.4
52
.84
7.6
48
.15
6.0
56
.6 e
Unit
ed S
tate
s2
4.7
25
.92
7.3
28
.43
0.5
25
.12
8.7
31
.43
1.3
e
EU
-27
*2
5.0
26
.92
8.6
29
.03
1.0
27
.83
1.8
34
.53
5.8
eFra
nce
19
.22
0.5
19
.91
9.9
21
.02
0.0
21
.82
3.6
:G
erm
any
26
.12
8.4
31
.43
1.6
33
.12
9.2
33
.93
6.4
:It
aly
18
.92
0.4
22
.62
3.3
25
.02
0.5
24
.12
6.5
:U
nit
ed K
ingdom
24
.22
5.7
26
.72
6.3
29
.83
0.1
32
.83
5.4
:
Commercial services = services excluding Government services n.i.e.Ratio = (Imports + Exports) / GDP*100 * For EU-27 and 4 EU Member States: trade with Extra EU-27 (World excluding Intra EU-27) (e) estimate(:) not availableSources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4); Eurostat (NewCronos:
bop_its_det), WTO, IMF (World Economic Outlook, April 2013)
23
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
Bra
zil
Chin
aEU
-27
*In
dia
Japan
Russ
iaU
nit
ed S
tate
s
Trade in goods & commercial services in selected countries (% of GDP)
Commercial services = services excluding Government services n.i.e.Ratio = (Imports + Exports) / GDPSources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4); Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det), WTO, IMF (World Economic Outlook, April 2013)
24 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 1 _ WORLD TRADE
Share in World Trade in goods and commercial services (%)
Countr
y2
00
42
00
52
00
62
00
72
00
82
00
92
01
02
01
1W
orl
d1
00
.01
00
.01
00
.01
00
.01
00
.01
00
.01
00
.01
00
.0A
rgenti
na
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Aust
ralia
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.8
Bra
zil
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.7
Canada
4.2
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
Chin
a7
.68
.18
.79
.49
.41
0.3
e1
1.2
e1
1.5
eIn
dia
1.5
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.7
2.9
Indonesi
a0
.91
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.11
.2Ja
pan
7.4
6.9
6.6
6.2
6.1
5.8
5.9
5.6
Mexi
co2
.52
.52
.52
.32
.12
.12
.22
.1Russ
ia2
.02
.22
.42
.62
.92
.52
.62
.8Saudi A
rabia
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.6
South
Afr
ica
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
South
Kore
a3
.43
.33
.43
.43
.43
.53
.63
.6Tu
rkey
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
Unit
ed S
tate
s1
7.3
16
.81
6.3
15
.31
4.3
14
.41
3.9
13
.4
EU
-27
*1
9.5
19
.01
8.7
19
.01
8.7
18
.71
7.4
17
.2Fra
nce
2.3
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.2
1.9
1.9
Germ
any
4.2
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.0
3.8
3.7
Italy
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
Unit
ed K
ingdom
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.4
Commercial services = services excluding Government services n.i.e. Shares in World trade excluding Intra-EU trade* For EU-27 and 4 EU Member States: trade with Extra EU-27 (World excluding Intra EU-27) (e) estimateSources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4); Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det), WTO
25
Share in World Trade in Goods & Commercial services in selected countries
(% of World Trade excluding Intra EU trade)
Commercial services = services excluding Government services n.i.e.Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4); Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det), WTO
05
10
15
20
25
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
Bra
zil
Chin
aEU
-27
*In
dia
Japan
Russ
iaU
nit
ed S
tate
s
26 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 1 _ WORLD TRADE
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007
Argentina 1.8 2.6 3.4 2.6
Australia -6.1 -5.7 -5.3 -6.2
Brazil 1.8 1.6 1.3 0.1
Canada 2.3 1.9 1.4 0.8
China 3.6 5.9 8.5 10.1
India 0.1 -1.3 -1.0 -0.7
Indonesia 2.0 0.6 2.7 1.6
Japan 3.7 3.6 3.9 4.9
Mexico -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -1.3
Russia 10.1 11.1 9.5 5.9
Saudi Arabia 20.1 27.4 26.3 22.4
South Africa -3.0 -3.5 -5.3 -7.0
South Korea 4.5 2.2 1.5 2.1
Turkey -3.7 -4.6 -6.1 -5.9
United States -5.3 -5.9 -6.0 -5.1
EU-27 * 0.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.4
France 0.5 -0.5 -0.6 -1.0
Germany 4.7 5.1 6.3 7.5
Italy -0.3 -0.9 -1.5 -1.3
United Kingdom -2.1 -2.1 -2.9 -2.3
Current account balance (% of GDP)
* EU-27, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom: current account with the World (incl. EU)(e) estimateSource: IMF (World Economic Outlook, April 2013)
27
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1.8 2.5 0.6 -0.4 0.1
-4.5 -4.2 -3.0 -2.3 -3.7
-1.7 -1.5 -2.2 -2.1 -2.3
0.1 -3.0 -3.6 -3.0 -3.7
9.3 4.9 4.0 2.8 2.6
-2.4 -2.1 -3.2 -3.4 -5.1 e
0.1 2.0 0.7 0.2 -2.8
3.3 2.9 3.7 2.0 1.0
-1.7 -0.7 -0.2 -0.8 -0.8
6.2 4.1 4.6 5.2 4.0
25.5 4.9 12.7 23.7 24.4 e
-7.2 -4.0 -2.8 -3.4 -6.3 e
0.3 3.9 2.9 2.3 3.7 e
-5.7 -2.2 -6.2 -9.7 -5.9 e
-4.7 -2.7 -3.0 -3.1 -3.0 e
-0.9 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.0
-1.7 -1.3 -1.6 -2.0 -2.4
6.2 6.0 6.2 6.2 7.0
-2.9 -2.0 -3.5 -3.1 -0.5
-1.0 -1.3 -2.5 -1.3 -3.5
SECTION 2FOREIGN DIRECT
INVESTMENTS (FDIs)
30 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS (FDIs)30 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS (FDIs)
FDI inflows (billion EUR)
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007
World 598.4 788.3 1,165.5 1,441.5
Argentina 3.3 4.2 4.4 4.7
Australia 34.1 -19.5 24.7 33.2
Brazil 14.6 12.1 15.0 25.2
Canada -0.4 20.7 48.0 83.7
China 48.7 58.2 57.9 60.9
India 4.6 6.1 16.2 18.6
Indonesia 1.5 6.7 3.9 5.1
Japan 6.3 2.2 -5.2 16.5
Mexico 20.0 19.6 16.0 23.0
Russia 12.4 10.4 23.7 40.2
Saudi Arabia 1.6 9.7 13.7 16.7
South Africa 0.6 5.3 -0.4 4.2
South Korea 7.2 5.7 3.9 1.9
Turkey 2.2 8.1 16.1 16.1
United States 109.2 84.2 188.9 157.6
EU-27 * 58.3 129.7 231.2 432.1
France 1.6 13.5 16.1 15.1
Germany -4.8 4.7 24.3 12.3
Italy : 1.9 2.9 1.5
United Kingdom : 37.7 54.5 78.6
* For EU and 4 EU Member States: FDI inflows from Extra EU-27 (World excluding Intra EU-27)(:) not availableSources: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_fdi_main), UNCTAD
31
2008 2009 2010 2011
1,217.5 858.8 987.4 1,095.1
6.6 2.9 5.3 5.2
32.1 19.0 26.8 29.7
30.6 18.6 36.6 47.9
38.9 15.3 17.7 29.4
73.6 68.1 86.5 89.1
29.5 25.5 18.2 22.7
6.3 3.5 10.4 13.6
16.6 8.6 -0.9 -1.3
18.5 11.6 15.6 14.0
51.0 26.2 32.7 38.0
25.9 23.0 21.2 11.8
6.1 3.8 0.9 4.2
5.7 5.4 6.4 3.3
13.3 6.0 6.8 11.4
208.3 103.0 149.3 163.0
182.0 275.2 213.7 241.7
12.8 8.4 4.5 12.3
-1.2 3.8 13.5 10.5
7.4 0.4 7.5 2.3
31.1 26.1 45.1 15.8
32 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS (FDIs)32 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS (FDIs)
FDI outflows (billion EUR)
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007
World 744.2 714.2 1,127.0 1,603.8
Argentina 0.5 1.1 1.9 1.1
Australia 8.6 -25.0 20.2 12.3
Brazil 7.9 2.0 22.5 5.2
Canada 34.8 22.1 36.8 42.1
China 4.4 9.9 16.9 16.4
India 1.7 2.4 11.4 14.3
Indonesia 2.7 2.5 2.2 3.4
Japan 24.9 36.8 40.0 53.7
Mexico 3.6 5.2 4.6 6.0
Russia 11.1 10.3 18.4 33.5
Saudi Arabia 0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.1
South Africa 1.1 0.7 4.8 2.2
South Korea 4.5 5.1 8.9 14.4
Turkey 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.5
United States 237.1 12.4 178.6 287.1
EU-27 * 142.3 239.9 317.7 564.2
France 5.3 27.3 41.5 26.9
Germany 6.4 17.2 36.0 46.8
Italy : 6.1 15.0 0.3
United Kingdom : 45.5 62.9 130.5
* For EU and 4 EU Member States: FDI outflows to Extra EU-27 (World excluding Intra EU-27) (:) not availableSources: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_fdi_main), UNCTAD
33
2008 2009 2010 2011
1,339.0 842.5 1,094.8 1,217.2
0.9 0.5 0.7 1.1
22.9 12.0 9.6 14.4
13.9 -7.2 8.7 -0.7
54.3 29.9 29.1 35.6
35.5 40.5 51.9 46.8
13.1 11.4 9.9 10.6
4.0 1.6 2.0 5.6
87.0 53.6 42.4 82.2
0.8 5.0 10.2 6.4
37.8 31.3 39.6 48.3
2.4 1.6 2.9 2.5
-2.1 0.8 -0.1 -0.5
13.8 12.3 17.6 14.6
1.7 1.1 1.1 1.8
209.6 191.4 229.6 285.0
381.2 333.8 308.8 365.1
42.4 17.3 18.6 28.2
4.1 15.2 41.0 33.6
14.9 4.4 17.0 14.9
65.3 36.1 18.3 59.7
34 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS (FDIs)34 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS (FDIs)
FDI inward stocks (billion EUR)
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007
World 8,924.1 9,294.3 11,389.3 13,061.7
Argentina 42.2 44.3 48.0 49.3
Australia 229.1 194.7 236.2 281.8
Brazil 129.6 145.8 175.7 226.0
Canada 253.4 274.6 298.8 378.3
China 197.3 218.7 233.0 238.7
India 30.6 34.7 56.4 77.2
Indonesia 12.7 33.1 43.4 58.3
Japan 78.0 81.1 85.7 96.9
Mexico 70.6 84.3 92.2 89.0
Russia 146.0 182.1 204.4 211.7
Saudi Arabia 98.3 144.9 211.7 358.3
South Africa 16.4 27.0 40.3 53.6
South Korea 51.8 63.5 69.9 80.6
Turkey 31.0 57.3 75.8 112.5
United States 2,184.6 2,265.1 2,622.7 2,591.2
EU-27 * 1,611.7 1,835.1 2,022.7 2,415.4
France 130.9 139.1 151.7 168.7
Germany** 150.3 : : 178.3
Italy 45.1 48.8 52.2 20.5
United Kingdom : 355.8 417.6 424.7
* For EU and 4 EU Member States: FDI inward stocks from Extra EU-27 (World excluding Intra EU-27) **2006 data is confidential(:) not availableSources: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_fdi_main), UNCTAD
35
2008 2009 2010 2011
10,505.4 12,934.5 15,016.0 14,682.6
52.4 57.3 66.0 68.4
208.2 307.3 375.1 359.0
195.6 287.4 509.0 481.1
305.7 392.4 441.0 427.4
257.1 339.2 443.4 511.4
85.1 122.8 154.4 144.9
49.1 78.0 116.3 124.3
138.3 143.5 162.1 162.2
64.4 84.4 95.8 94.6
157.0 199.2 249.0 217.2
146.7 271.6 370.0 328.6
74.9 102.0 128.6 134.2
46.2 84.2 115.5 93.3
54.6 103.1 140.3 100.8
1,690.5 2,147.6 2,562.7 2,521.1
2,496.0 2,783.3 3,142.8 3,806.8
174.4 179.7 184.7 195.6
170.3 166.8 174.3 185.1
27.9 35.3 27.2 23.1
341.0 358.7 432.0 479.9
36 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS (FDIs)36 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 2 _ FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS (FDIs)
FDI outward stocks (billion EUR)
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007
World 9,401.8 10,019.2 12,501.8 14,062.5
Argentina 17.5 18.8 20.6 20.1
Australia 184.3 167.9 212.6 247.8
Brazil 55.6 63.7 90.7 102.1
Canada 299.6 312.1 354.6 380.5
China 36.0 46.0 58.4 69.9
India 6.2 7.8 21.5 32.2
Indonesia : : 0.8 2.3
Japan 297.9 310.7 358.0 395.9
Mexico 41.3 51.6 57.3 62.3
Russia 86.3 117.9 172.4 270.1
Saudi Arabia 6.4 6.1 13.7 12.4
South Africa 31.4 30.3 40.5 48.1
South Korea 25.9 31.1 39.2 54.6
Turkey 5.7 6.7 7.1 8.9
United States 2,703.4 2,924.2 3,560.3 3,849.0
EU-27 * 2,023.6 2,426.2 2,746.0 3,201.2
France 244.7 295.7 303.2 328.2
Germany 229.6 : 295.1 314.2
Italy 50.6 60.3 75.8 49.5
United Kingdom : 520.1 635.4 687.6
* For EU and 4 EU Member States: FDI outward stocks to Extra EU-27 (World excluding Intra EU-27)(:) not availableSources: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_fdi_main), UNCTAD
37
2008 2009 2010 2011
11,111.5 13,855.6 15,738.7 15,207.2
19.6 21.1 22.5 22.5
163.7 246.5 304.2 276.9
105.8 118.0 142.3 145.5
356.4 431.4 482.3 481.6
100.6 164.6 225.1 262.9
43.1 58.0 72.7 79.9
1.9 0.0 1.3 6.8
462.6 531.2 626.9 691.7
45.4 58.2 78.7 80.5
139.8 219.8 276.3 260.1
13.9 16.2 20.0 21.5
34.0 52.0 67.5 51.9
66.6 86.3 104.8 114.5
12.1 16.0 16.3 17.3
2,109.3 3,073.7 3,595.6 3,232.7
3,322.0 3,751.0 4,247.0 4,983.5
351.8 378.9 436.9 465.0
302.1 295.2 338.0 411.5
70.8 76.3 91.3 107.2
588.0 567.2 588.3 678.4
SECTION 3EU TRADE
40 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
EU-27 merchandise trade with extra EU-27 by sector (billion EUR, %)
exports
Value 2012
Share in total 2012
Variation 2012/2011
Annual average growth
rate 2012/ 2004
TOTAL 1,686.8 100.0 8.2 7.4
SITC Rev.3
SITC 0 Food and live animals
70.7 4.2 10.5 9.7
SITC 1 Beverages and tobacco
28.9 1.7 15.1 8.7
SITC 2
Crude materials, inedible, except fuels
43.0 2.5 4.6 11.1
SITC 3
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials
123.8 7.3 22.5 18.0
SITC 4 Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes
4.7 0.3 20.0 8.4
SITC 5 Chemicals and related prod, n.e.s.
276.1 16.4 7.9 7.7
SITC 6
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material
205.0 12.2 4.1 5.5
SITC 7 Machinery and transport equipment
707.1 41.9 8.7 6.4
SITC 8 Miscellaneous manufactured articles
177.0 10.5 12.3 5.9
SITC 9
Commodities and transactions n.c.e.
50.4 3.0 -20.2 10.7
AMA/NAMA
AMAAgricultural Products
114.0 6.8 11.9 9.3
NAMANon-Agricultural Products
1,572.8 93.2 7.9 7.3
41
importstrade
balance
Value 2012
Share in total 2012
Variation 2012/2011
Annual average
growth rate 2012/ 2004
2012
1,791.7 100.0 3.9 7.2 -105.0
85.3 4.8 1.1 6.1 -14.6
7.5 0.4 6.3 3.3 21.4
71.7 4.0 -7.2 6.1 -28.7
544.6 30.4 10.7 14.6 -420.8
9.2 0.5 6.8 11.4 -4.5
161.7 9.0 4.3 7.8 114.4
168.2 9.4 -9.0 4.8 36.9
451.9 25.2 1.8 3.1 255.2
218.9 12.2 1.0 5.1 -41.9
72.8 4.1 33.0 11.0 -22.4
101.5 5.7 3.3 6.4 12.4
1,690.2 94.3 4.0 7.2 -117.4
Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4)
42 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
Food and live
animals
4%
Beverages
and tobacco
2%
Machinery and
transport
equipment
42%
Crude
materials,
inedible,
except fuels
3%
Mineral fuels,
lubricants and
related materials
7%
Animal and vegetable oils,
fats and waxes
0%
Chemicals and
related prod, n.e.s.
16%
Manufactured
goods classified
chiefly by material
12%
Miscellaneousmanufactured
articles11%
Commodities and transactions n.c.e.3%
EU-27 merchandise exports to extra EU-27 by sector, 2012 shares (%)
Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4)
43
Food and live
animals
5%
Beverages
and tobacco
1%Crude
materials,
inedible,
except fuels
4%
Mineral fuels,
lubricants and
related materials
30%
Animal and
vegetable oils,
fats and waxes
1%
Chemicals and
related prod, n.e.s.
9%
Machinery and
transport
equipment
25%
Manufactured
goods classified
chiefly by material
9%
Miscellaneousmanufactured
articles12%
Commodities and transactions n.c.e.4%
EU-27 merchandise imports from extra EU-27 by sector, 2012 shares (%)
Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4)
44 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
2004 2005 2006
TOTAL 953.0 1,057.6 1,161.9
SITC Rev.3
SITC 0 Food and live animals 33.7 35.9 39.4
SITC 1 Beverages and
tobacco14.9 16.1 18.5
SITC 2 Crude materials,
inedible, except fuels18.6 21.3 26.0
SITC 3
Mineral fuels,
lubricants and related
materials
32.9 45.9 59.0
SITC 4 Animal and vegetable
oils, fats and waxes2.5 2.5 2.5
SITC 5 Chemicals and related
prod, n.e.s.152.6 164.9 184.6
SITC 6
Manufactured goods
classified chiefly by
material
134.1 147.9 164.7
SITC 7 Machinery and
transport equipment430.1 475.5 509.6
SITC 8 Miscellaneous
manufactured articles112.1 118.5 129.5
SITC 9 Commodities and
transactions n.c.e.22.4 29.3 28.3
AMA/NAMA
AMA Agricultural Products 55.8 60.3 68.4
NAMANon-Agricultural Products
897.1 997.2 1,093.5
Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4)
EU-27 merchandise exports to extra EU-27 by sector (billion EUR)
45
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1,242.9 1,317.5 1,099.2 1,356.6 1,559.3 1,686.8
42.6 48.9 44.7 54.8 64.0 70.7
19.5 19.4 18.0 21.4 25.1 28.9
27.8 29.0 25.2 34.6 41.1 43.0
65.9 83.3 56.7 76.2 101.1 123.8
2.4 3.0 2.6 3.0 3.9 4.7
197.9 198.8 196.4 233.8 256.0 276.1
176.6 179.8 139.9 171.5 197.0 205.0
549.8 575.0 461.7 572.5 650.4 707.1
133.6 137.3 119.9 139.7 157.7 177.0
26.8 42.8 34.0 49.1 63.1 50.4
70.3 78.1 71.3 87.2 101.8 114.0
1,172.6 1,239.4 1,027.9 1,269.4 1,457.5 1,572.8
46 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
2004 2005 2006
TOTAL 1,027.5 1,183.2 1,363.9
SITC Rev.3
SITC 0 Food and live animals 53.0 57.2 61.8
SITC 1 Beverages and tobacco
5.8 5.8 6.2
SITC 2 Crude materials, inedible, except fuels
44.6 48.4 57.8
SITC 3 Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials
183.4 272.6 339.6
SITC 4 Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes
3.9 4.3 5.4
SITC 5 Chemicals and related prod, n.e.s.
88.5 96.4 109.2
SITC 6 Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material
115.5 128.2 160.7
SITC 7 Machinery and transport equipment
354.5 385.7 412.5
SITC 8 Miscellaneous manufactured articles
146.8 162.5 180.9
SITC 9 Commodities and transactions n.c.e.
31.6 22.2 29.9
AMA/NAMA
AMA Agricultural Products 61.6 64.1 68.1
NAMANon-Agricultural Products
965.9 1,119.1 1,295.8
Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4)
EU-27 merchandise imports from extra EU-27 by sector (billion EUR)
47
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1,445.0 1,582.9 1,233.1 1,530.5 1,724.2 1,791.7
69.0 74.5 67.3 73.8 84.3 85.3
6.6 6.3 6.4 6.9 7.1 7.5
64.8 67.6 42.0 64.5 77.2 71.7
336.5 457.8 297.7 383.1 491.8 544.6
5.6 7.9 5.5 6.6 8.6 9.2
120.7 124.3 112.5 137.3 155.1 161.7
189.0 178.1 115.5 157.7 184.9 168.2
428.4 425.4 352.4 446.4 443.8 451.9
193.7 197.2 181.0 204.7 216.8 218.9
30.7 43.8 52.8 49.5 54.7 72.8
77.5 87.9 76.7 84.2 98.3 101.5
1,367.6 1,495.0 1,156.4 1,446.4 1,625.9 1,690.2
48 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
exports
Value 2011
Share in total 2011
Variation 2011/2010
Annual average growth
rate 2011/ 2004
TOTAL 596.8 100.0 6.7 7.6
EBOPS*
Transport 135.1 22.6 2.9 5.4
Travel 86.0 14.4 12.2 4.7
Communication services
17.2 2.9 10.1 14.6
Construction services
19.2 3.2 2.8 10.4
Insurance services
18.3 3.1 -19.6 8.1
Financial services
50.9 8.5 7.3 8.1
Computer and information services
41.1 6.9 8.9 14.2
Royalties and licence fees
38.9 6.5 15.4 9.9
Other business services
182.8 30.6 8.2 8.4
Personal, cultural and recreational services
6.9 1.2 11.2 3.8
Other 0.2 0.0 -15.0 -
Commercial services = Services excluding Government services n.i.e.The category “Other” refers mainly to “Services not allocated”* EBOPS: Extended Balance of Payments Services classificationSource: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det)
EU-27 trade of commercial services with extra EU-27 by type (billion EUR, %)
49
imports trade balance
Value 2011
Share in total 2011
Variation 2011/2010
Annual average growth
rate 2011/ 2004
2011
476.8 100.0 4.5 6.1 120.0
114.2 24.0 3.5 5.0 20.8
91.2 19.1 1.2 2.0 -5.2
15.3 3.2 3.7 11.2 2.0
8.2 1.7 1.7 5.0 11.0
11.0 2.3 -0.5 4.2 7.3
21.7 4.6 16.0 9.1 29.2
14.6 3.1 -0.9 8.9 26.5
45.6 9.6 2.7 6.6 -6.7
135.0 28.3 8.5 8.1 47.9
5.9 1.2 -2.4 -0.9 1.1
14.0 2.9 2.3 - -13.8
50 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
Transport
23%
Communication
services
3%
Financial
services
9%
Personal, cultural
and recreational
services
1%
Computer and
information
services
7%
Royalties and
licence fees
6%
Construction
services
3%
Insurance
services
3%
Other business
services
31%
Other
0%
Travel
14%
EU-27 exports of commercial services to extra EU-27 by type, 2011 shares (%)
Commercial services = Services excluding Government services n.i.e.Source: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det)
51
Other
3%
Transport
24%
Financial
services
5%
Computer and
information
services
3%
Personal, cultural
and recreational
services
1%
Communication
services
3%
Construction
services
2%
Travel
19%
Insurance
services
2%
Other business
services
28%
Royalties and
licence fees
10%
EU-27 imports of commercial services from extra EU-27 by type, 2011 shares (%)
Commercial services = Services excluding Government services n.i.e.Source: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det)
52 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
2004 2005 2006
TOTAL 357.8 397.6 444.1
EBOPS*
Transport 93.2 104.5 113.8
Travel 62.3 65.7 71.8
Communication services 6.6 7.4 8.7
Construction services 9.6 12.2 13.9
Insurance services 10.6 6.0 11.2
Financial services 29.5 35.3 42.2
Computer and information services
16.2 17.3 22.3
Royalties and licence fees 20.2 23.6 24.3
Other business services 104.1 120.5 131.2
Personal, cultural and recreational services
5.4 4.9 4.7
Other 0.0 0.1 0.0
Commercial services = Services excluding Government services n.i.e.The category “Other” refers mainly to “Services not allocated”* EBOPS: Extended Balance of Payments Services classificationSource: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det)
EU-27 exports of commercial services to extra EU-27 by type (billion EUR)
53
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
497.7 517.7 504.7 559.4 596.8
123.6 135.9 109.9 131.2 135.1
75.1 74.0 69.3 76.6 86.0
10.1 12.4 12.8 15.6 17.2
16.3 17.6 19.7 18.7 19.2
14.5 13.1 22.4 22.8 18.3
53.9 50.5 43.3 47.4 50.9
26.0 30.5 32.7 37.7 41.1
27.2 27.3 29.7 33.7 38.9
144.5 150.4 159.5 168.9 182.8
4.8 4.9 5.0 6.2 6.9
1.6 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.2
54 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
EU-27 imports of commercial services from extra EU-27 by type (billion EUR)
2004 2005 2006
TOTAL 315.8 345.8 374.6
EBOPS*
Transport 81.3 89.6 99.0
Travel 79.7 84.9 87.9
Communication services 7.2 7.9 9.6
Construction services 5.9 6.1 7.1
Insurance services 8.2 8.2 7.7
Financial services 11.8 14.2 17.2
Computer and information services
8.0 8.7 10.1
Royalties and licence fees 29.2 32.9 31.4
Other business services 78.3 86.8 95.8
Personal, cultural and recreational services
6.3 6.3 7.2
Other 0.0 0.1 1.5
Commercial services = Services excluding Government services n.i.e.The category “Other” refers mainly to “Services not allocated”* EBOPS: Extended Balance of Payments Services classificationSource: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det)
55
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
411.9 446.8 422.0 456.4 476.8
102.7 112.2 89.9 110.3 114.2
94.5 93.5 85.7 90.1 91.2
10.9 12.5 13.2 14.7 15.3
8.0 8.0 9.9 8.1 8.2
8.0 8.6 10.8 11.1 11.0
20.4 18.7 16.1 18.7 21.7
11.2 12.8 13.8 14.8 14.6
34.6 41.8 42.6 44.4 45.6
107.9 119.8 121.6 124.4 135.0
6.0 6.0 5.1 6.0 5.9
7.6 12.9 13.4 13.7 14.0
56 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
EU-27 trade balance in goods by partner (billion EUR)
2
00
42
00
52
00
62
00
72
00
82
00
92
01
02
01
12
01
2
Ext
ra-E
U-7
4.6
-12
5.6
-20
2.1
-20
1.1
-26
3.1
-13
2.8
-17
1.0
-16
4.9
-10
5.0
Arg
enti
na
-2.6
-2.4
-2.5
-2.5
-4.5
-3.4
-1.9
-2.4
-1.4
Aust
ralia
11
.11
0.9
8.7
10
.41
2.9
12
.01
4.5
16
.21
9.4
Bra
zil
-7.6
-8.0
-9.5
-11
.5-9
.6-4
.4-1
.8-3
.22
.5
Canada
5.7
5.6
5.4
1.2
0.4
2.6
2.1
-0.5
0.8
Chin
a-8
0.3
-10
8.6
-13
1.2
-16
0.9
-16
9.5
-13
1.8
-16
9.1
-15
7.3
-14
6.0
India
0.8
2.2
1.7
2.6
1.8
2.1
1.6
0.9
1.2
Indonesi
a-5
.6-6
.1-7
.3-7
.4-7
.6-6
.5-7
.5-8
.8-5
.7
Japan
-31
.3-3
0.4
-33
.5-3
5.3
-33
.8-2
2.3
-23
.3-2
0.2
-8.3
Mexi
co7
.87
.68
.68
.88
.05
.97
.67
.18
.6
Russ
ia-3
7.9
-56
.0-6
8.7
-55
.9-7
3.5
-52
.5-7
4.6
-91
.6-9
0.0
South
Afr
ica
0.2
0.7
-0.3
-1.7
-3.8
-3.1
1.3
6.0
6.1
South
Kore
a-1
2.7
-14
.2-1
8.0
-16
.8-1
4.1
-10
.8-1
1.4
-3.7
-0.1
Turk
ey
7.4
8.5
8.3
5.7
8.5
8.2
19
.42
5.0
27
.4
Unit
ed S
tate
s7
6.1
91
.79
6.4
82
.36
5.5
48
.76
9.4
72
.38
6.1
Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4)
57
EU-27 trade balance in goods with selected countries (billion EUR)
-20
0
-15
0
-10
0
-500
50
10
0
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
Bra
zil
Chin
aIn
dia
Japan
Russ
iaU
nit
ed S
tate
s
Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4)
58 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
EU-27 trade balance in commercial services by partner (billion EUR)
2
00
42
00
52
00
62
00
72
00
82
00
92
01
02
01
1
Ext
ra-E
U4
1.9
51
.86
9.5
85
.87
0.9
82
.61
03
.01
20
.0
Arg
enti
na
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.6
1.1
1.4
Aust
ralia
2.0
2.6
3.4
4.4
6.0
7.0
8.2
8.5
Bra
zil
0.3
0.8
0.9
2.0
3.8
3.5
3.4
4.3
Canada
1.3
1.6
2.1
2.3
2.5
4.3
4.8
5.8
Chin
a1
.72
.52
.02
.55
.04
.86
.67
.9
India
-0.5
0.2
1.5
1.3
0.7
1.7
1.7
0.5
Indonesi
a0
.10
.10
.30
.90
.70
.91
.31
.1
Japan
7.7
7.3
5.7
6.1
3.4
5.3
4.6
5.9
Mexi
co1
.10
.91
.71
.51
.31
.72
.42
.6
Russ
ia1
.22
.64
.07
.07
.57
.21
0.1
9.7
South
Afr
ica
0.4
1.0
1.2
1.9
1.8
1.8
2.1
2.6
South
Kore
a2
.32
.12
.73
.23
.12
.73
.74
.5
Turk
ey
-6.0
-6.8
-5.0
-5.3
-6.0
-4.8
-5.6
-5.3
Unit
ed S
tate
s6
.84
.28
.09
.00
.7-1
.63
.55
.5
Commercial services = Services excluding Government services n.i.eSource: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det)
59
EU-27 trade balance in commercial services with selected countries (billion EUR)
Commercial services = Services excluding Government services n.i.e. Source: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det)
-6-4-20246810
12
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
Bra
zil
Chin
aIn
dia
Japan
Russ
iaU
nit
ed S
tate
s
60 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
EU-27 trade balance in goods and commercial services by partner (billion EUR)
2
00
42
00
52
00
62
00
72
00
82
00
92
01
02
01
1
Ext
ra-E
U-3
2.7
-73
.8-1
32
.6-1
15
.3-1
92
.2-5
0.2
-68
.0-4
4.9
Arg
enti
na
-2.5
-2.2
-2.3
-2.1
-4.0
-2.8
-0.8
-1.0
Aust
ralia
13
.11
3.6
12
.01
4.9
18
.91
9.0
22
.72
4.8
Bra
zil
-7.2
-7.3
-8.6
-9.5
-5.7
-0.8
1.7
1.1
Canada
7.0
7.2
7.5
3.4
2.9
6.9
6.8
5.3
Chin
a-7
8.6
-10
6.0
-12
9.3
-15
8.3
-16
4.5
-12
7.0
-16
2.5
-14
9.5
India
0.3
2.4
3.1
3.9
2.5
3.7
3.3
1.3
Indonesi
a-5
.5-6
.0-7
.0-6
.5-6
.9-5
.5-6
.2-7
.8
Japan
-23
.6-2
3.2
-27
.8-2
9.2
-30
.4-1
7.0
-18
.7-1
4.3
Mexi
co8
.98
.51
0.3
10
.29
.37
.61
0.0
9.7
Russ
ia-3
6.7
-53
.4-6
4.6
-48
.9-6
6.0
-45
.4-6
4.4
-81
.8
South
Afr
ica
0.6
1.7
1.0
0.2
-2.0
-1.3
3.5
8.6
South
Kore
a-1
0.4
-12
.1-1
5.3
-13
.6-1
1.0
-8.1
-7.8
0.8
Turk
ey
1.4
1.7
3.2
0.4
2.5
3.3
13
.71
9.6
Unit
ed S
tate
s8
2.9
95
.91
04
.49
1.3
66
.24
7.2
72
.97
7.8
Commercial services = Services excluding Government services n.i.e.Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4), Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det)
61
EU-27 trade balance in goods and commercial services with selected countries (billion EUR)
Commercial services = Services excluding Government services n.i.e. Sources: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det)
-20
0
-16
0
-12
0
-80
-400
40
80
12
0
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
Bra
zil
Chin
aIn
dia
Japan
Russ
iaU
nit
ed S
tate
s
62 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
EU-27 goods’ export/import ratio by partner (imports=100)
2
00
42
00
52
00
62
00
72
00
82
00
92
01
02
01
12
01
2
Ext
ra-E
U9
4.0
90
.38
6.3
86
.18
3.4
89
.28
8.8
90
.49
4.1
Arg
enti
na
59
.06
2.6
66
.27
0.2
57
.35
8.2
79
.87
7.9
86
.2
Aust
ralia
22
6.0
21
0.2
16
6.2
17
7.6
19
3.6
22
1.0
21
6.4
20
8.5
23
3.8
Bra
zil
65
.26
6.6
65
.16
4.9
73
.48
3.2
94
.79
1.8
10
6.8
Canada
13
4.5
13
1.4
12
6.2
10
4.8
10
1.7
11
3.7
10
8.3
98
.31
02
.5
Chin
a3
7.6
32
.33
2.7
30
.93
1.6
38
.54
0.1
46
.44
9.6
India
10
4.8
11
1.4
10
7.4
10
9.7
10
6.1
10
8.1
10
4.7
10
2.2
10
3.1
Indonesi
a4
6.2
44
.04
0.5
42
.24
3.8
44
.94
6.0
45
.56
2.7
Japan
58
.15
8.9
57
.25
5.3
55
.66
1.7
65
.37
0.8
87
.0
Mexi
co2
13
.31
82
.21
81
.31
72
.21
57
.21
57
.71
55
.21
42
.21
44
.2
Russ
ia5
4.8
50
.35
1.3
61
.55
8.8
55
.55
3.6
54
.25
7.8
South
Afr
ica
10
1.5
10
4.1
98
.69
2.4
84
.68
3.6
10
6.6
12
9.4
12
9.6
South
Kore
a5
8.5
58
.85
5.9
59
.66
4.4
66
.77
1.0
89
.99
9.7
Turk
ey
12
2.6
12
3.7
11
9.8
11
2.2
11
8.4
12
2.5
14
5.6
15
1.8
15
7.3
Unit
ed S
tate
s1
47
.81
57
.71
56
.61
46
.51
35
.91
31
.51
40
.11
37
.71
41
.8
Ratio = Exports/Imports*100 Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4)
63
EU-27 commercial services’ export/import ratio by partner (imports=100)
2
00
42
00
52
00
62
00
72
00
82
00
92
01
02
01
1
Ext
ra-E
U1
13
.31
15
.01
18
.61
20
.81
15
.91
19
.61
22
.61
25
.2
Arg
enti
na
10
9.3
11
5.7
11
3.7
12
4.8
12
4.9
13
3.4
15
1.5
16
3.6
Aust
ralia
13
9.0
14
5.1
15
6.6
16
6.2
19
2.2
21
9.7
22
1.0
21
7.1
Bra
zil
11
0.1
11
9.1
12
0.2
14
2.3
16
0.6
15
7.6
15
3.8
16
1.0
Canada
11
9.4
12
2.3
12
4.8
12
3.6
12
6.6
15
2.3
14
9.7
15
7.9
Chin
a1
22
.91
25
.81
15
.81
18
.11
33
.11
34
.51
38
.41
43
.1
India
88
.91
03
.51
25
.41
18
.61
08
.31
22
.11
19
.21
04
.4
Indonesi
a1
07
.81
12
.31
28
.31
76
.81
58
.01
68
.61
88
.71
60
.3
Japan
17
2.1
15
7.8
14
2.2
14
3.4
12
1.2
13
9.8
13
0.5
13
7.3
Mexi
co1
39
.91
33
.91
66
.21
44
.51
34
.71
65
.01
77
.31
83
.4
Russ
ia1
15
.61
27
.01
38
.01
60
.51
53
.71
62
.71
73
.81
68
.7
South
Afr
ica
10
9.2
12
5.3
12
8.6
14
1.6
14
1.6
14
2.1
14
4.6
15
8.3
South
Kore
a1
71
.01
54
.41
62
.61
72
.81
61
.91
71
.21
79
.92
00
.0
Turk
ey
39
.44
0.9
54
.35
6.5
53
.25
8.1
59
.46
3.7
Unit
ed S
tate
s1
06
.41
03
.61
06
.61
07
.01
00
.59
8.8
10
2.6
10
4.0
Commercial services = Services excluding Government services n.i.eRatio = Exports/Imports*100 Source: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det)
64 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
EU-27 goods and commercial services’ export/import ratio by partner (imports=100)
2004 2005 2006
Extra-EU 98.3 95.8 93.2
Argentina 66.8 72.0 74.9
Australia 194.1 186.1 163.1
Brazil 71.2 74.1 73.1
Canada 130.1 128.7 125.8
China 42.2 37.7 37.6
India 101.6 109.8 111.0
Indonesia 51.8 50.1 48.2
Japan 72.4 73.3 69.7
Mexico 192.6 171.1 178.3
Russia 60.0 56.3 57.4
South Africa 103.0 108.1 103.9
South Korea 69.2 68.5 66.1
Turkey 103.3 103.7 106.2
United States 131.2 134.9 135.7
Commercial services = Services excluding Government services n.i.e.Ratio = Exports/Imports*100
Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4), Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det)
65
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
93.8 90.5 97.0 96.6 98.0
79.2 68.1 71.8 93.0 92.2
173.9 193.2 220.5 218.0 211.3
74.8 86.4 97.5 104.2 102.5
110.1 108.4 125.2 119.9 113.1
35.8 37.5 44.4 45.8 52.1
111.6 106.6 111.3 107.8 102.7
53.2 53.5 57.6 59.5 57.0
68.6 67.1 76.2 77.3 83.2
166.3 152.6 159.3 159.3 148.7
68.8 65.7 65.0 63.1 61.8
100.8 93.1 94.4 113.8 134.6
70.3 75.3 77.7 82.3 102.1
100.7 104.2 107.0 124.4 131.3
129.9 121.1 116.7 123.8 123.6
66 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
EU-27 merchandise trade with FTAs partners (billion EUR, %)
exports
PartnersValue2012
Share in EU
exports 2012
Variation 2012/2011
Variation 2012/2004
Concluded 573.2 34.0 5.4 83.3
CENTRAL AMERICA* 5.4 0.3 21.7 36.9
Chile 8.5 0.5 10.9 171.9
Colombia 5.5 0.3 11.2 186.0
EFTA* 186.2 11.0 -1.6 71.0
EUROMED* 91.6 5.4 10.0 76.5
South Korea 37.8 2.2 16.2 110.6
Mexico 27.9 1.7 16.8 89.6
Peru’ 3.5 0.2 24.4 273.7
Singapore 30.3 1.8 11.3 87.2
South Africa 26.6 1.6 0.1 65.9
Turkey 75.2 4.5 2.8 87.3
Ukraine 23.8 1.4 12.0 124.8
WESTERN BALKANS* 31.1 1.8 2.7 105.5
EPAs* 19.7 1.2 19.1 76.3
Future 590.4 35.0 10.2 48.4
Armenia 0.7 0.0 5.3 100.5
Canada 31.3 1.9 4.7 41.6
GCC* 83.5 5.0 14.6 102.2
Georgia 2.0 0.1 27.6 235.3
India 38.5 2.3 -5.2 124.3
Japan 55.5 3.3 13.2 27.8
Malaysia 14.5 0.9 21.8 65.9
MERCOSUR* 50.3 3.0 9.6 172.9
Moldova 2.0 0.1 9.5 122.7
Thailand 14.8 0.9 20.4 111.0
United States 291.9 17.3 10.6 23.9
Vietnam 5.4 0.3 3.1 137.1
* Region or group’s members:CENTRAL AMERICA includes Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama;EFTA includes Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland;EUROMED includes Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Occupied Palestinian Territories and Tunisia;Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
includes Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and U. A. Emirates; MERCOSUR includes Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela;WESTERN BALKANS includes Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo.
67
imports
Value2012
Share in EU imports 2012
Variation 2012/2011
Variation 2012/2004
518.0 28.9 5.6 65.0
9.5 0.5 14.1 115.4
9.6 0.5 -13.1 31.0
8.6 0.5 24.1 189.3
208.7 11.7 9.3 73.8
73.1 4.1 4.9 73.5
37.9 2.1 4.7 23.4
19.4 1.1 15.2 180.4
6.3 0.4 -1.6 144.4
21.5 1.2 12.2 27.2
20.5 1.1 -0.1 29.9
47.8 2.7 -0.7 46.0
14.6 0.8 -3.4 72.5
16.2 0.9 -0.6 160.1
24.2 1.4 -2.2 44.6
505.2 28.2 2.2 41.7
0.3 0.0 -15.1 10.1
30.5 1.7 0.4 85.6
61.0 3.4 6.3 138.6
0.6 0.0 -4.9 85.7
37.3 2.1 -6.0 127.8
63.8 3.6 -7.8 -14.6
20.3 1.1 -4.6 29.5
49.2 2.7 -5.7 70.2
0.9 0.1 11.4 80.8
16.9 0.9 -4.3 30.3
205.8 11.5 7.4 29.1
18.5 1.0 43.0 249.1
“EPAs” refers to the following countries/groups:• Cameroon• CARIFORUM: Antigua
and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago;
• Eastern African Community (EAC): with Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda;
• Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA): Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe and Zambia;
• PACIFIC: Fiji and Papua New Guinea;
• Southern African Development Community (SADC): Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia and Swaziland;
• West Africa: Ivory Coast and Ghana;
Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4)
68 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
Partners
exports
All Statistical regimes
NormalInward
ProcessingOutward
processing
Value
Extra-EU 1,686.8 1,495.9 172.1 13.4
USA 291.9 234.9 48.8 7.1
China 143.9 118.9 24.5 0.4
Switzerland 133.3 128.4 4.5 0.4
Russia 123.3 111.5 11.6 0.1
Turkey 75.2 73.6 1.5 0.0
Japan 55.5 46.9 8.2 0.3
Norway 49.8 45.6 3.8 0.1
Brazil 39.6 36.0 3.4 0.0
India 38.5 36.3 2.0 0.1
South Korea 37.8 33.0 4.4 0.4
Partner share
Extra-EU 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
USA 17.3 15.7 28.4 52.9
China 8.5 7.9 14.3 2.9
Switzerland 7.3 7.5 6.8 0.7
Russia 7.9 8.6 2.6 2.7
Turkey 3.0 3.1 2.2 0.7
Japan 4.5 4.9 0.9 0.3
Norway 3.3 3.1 4.8 2.6
Brazil 2.3 2.4 1.2 0.8
India 2.3 2.4 2.0 0.0
South Korea 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.8
EU-27 merchandise trade by statistical regime, selected partners -2012 (billion EUR, %)
Source: Eurostat (Comext)
69
imports
PartnersAll
Statistical regimes
NormalInward
ProcessingOutward
processing
Value
Extra-EU 1,791.7 1,673.7 75.4 13.2
China 289.9 285.0 4.3 0.5
Russia 213.2 197.8 5.1 0.2
USA 205.8 173.8 26.5 5.5
Switzerland 104.5 99.7 4.4 0.3
Norway 100.4 91.4 1.4 0.1
Japan 63.8 57.5 5.0 1.2
Turkey 47.8 47.3 0.5 0.0
South Korea 37.9 35.1 2.0 0.7
India 37.3 35.9 1.1 0.3
Brazil 37.1 35.3 1.8 0.0
Partner share
Extra-EU 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
China 11.5 10.4 35.2 41.7
Russia 16.2 17.0 5.7 4.2
USA 11.9 11.8 6.8 1.2
Switzerland 5.8 6.0 5.9 2.1
Norway 5.6 5.5 1.9 0.5
Japan 2.7 2.8 0.6 0.2
Turkey 3.6 3.4 6.7 9.4
South Korea 2.1 2.1 1.5 2.1
India 2.1 2.1 2.3 0.1
Brazil 2.1 2.1 2.7 5.3
70 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 3 _ EU TRADE
GOODS
RankLeading suppliers
ImportsShare in EU
imports
Cumulative share
All countries 1,724.2 100.0 100.0
1 China 293.7 17.0 17.0
2 Russia 199.9 11.6 28.6
3 USA 191.5 11.1 39.7
4 Norway 93.8 5.4 45.2
5 Switzerland 93.2 5.4 50.6
6 Japan 69.2 4.0 54.6
7 Turkey 48.1 2.8 57.4
8 India 39.7 2.3 59.7
9 Brazil 38.9 2.3 61.9
10 South Korea 36.2 2.1 64.0
Rank Leading clients ExportsShare in EU
exports
Cumulative share
All countries 1,559.3 100.0 100.0
1 United States 263.8 16.9 16.9
2 Switzerland 139.6 9.0 25.9
3 China 136.4 8.7 34.6
4 Russia 108.4 6.9 41.6
5 Turkey 73.1 4.7 46.3
6 Japan 49.0 3.1 49.4
7 Norway 46.7 3.0 52.4
8 India 40.6 2.6 55.0
9 Brazil 35.8 2.3 57.3
10 U. A. Emirates 33.3 2.1 59.4
EU-27 trade in goods and commercial services by leading trade partners, 2011 (billion EUR, %)
71
SERVICES
RankLeading suppliers
ImportsShare in EU
imports
Cumulative share
All countries 476.8 100.0 100.0
1 United States 138.4 29.0 29.0
2 Switzerland 54.5 11.4 40.5
3 China 18.2 3.8 44.3
4 Japan 15.9 3.3 47.6
5 Turkey 14.7 3.1 50.7
6 Russia 14.2 3.0 53.7
7 Singapore 11.5 2.4 56.1
8 Norway 11.4 2.4 58.5
9 India 10.8 2.3 60.7
10 Canada 10.0 2.1 62.8
RankLeading clients
ExportsShare in EU
exports
Cumulative share
All countries 596.8 100.0 100.0
1 United States 143.9 24.1 24.1
2 Switzerland 79.9 13.4 37.5
3 China 26.1 4.4 41.9
4 Russia 23.9 4.0 45.9
5 Japan 21.8 3.6 49.5
6 Norway 20.9 3.5 53.0
7 Singapore 16.1 2.7 55.7
8 Australia 15.8 2.7 58.4
9 Canada 15.8 2.7 61.0
10 Brazil 11.4 1.9 63.0
Sources: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4), Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det)
SECTION 4TRADE BY
MEMBER STATE
74 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 4 _ TRADE BY MEMBER STATE
Member State
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
EU-27 1,317.5 1,099.2 1,356.6 1,559.3 1,686.8
Austria 34.2 27.8 33.1 37.7 40.0
Belgium 74.2 64.4 83.1 95.9 104.4
Bulgaria 6.1 4.1 6.1 7.7 8.6
Cyprus 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5
Czech Republic
15.0 12.3 16.0 19.8 23.4
Denmark 24.0 21.9 25.0 27.9 30.2
Estonia 2.5 2.0 2.7 4.1 4.3
Finland 28.9 20.0 24.0 25.2 26.4
France 151.4 130.6 154.5 167.5 181.9
Germany 360.6 302.3 378.7 431.2 469.5
Greece 6.2 5.4 6.1 11.8 15.7
Hungary 16.1 12.7 16.4 19.4 19.6
Ireland 31.8 32.3 36.8 38.2 37.3
Italy 151.8 123.7 144.0 165.2 180.5
Latvia 2.2 1.8 2.4 3.2 4.0
Lithuania 6.4 4.2 6.1 7.8 9.1
Luxembourg 2.0 1.9 2.4 3.0 3.1
Malta 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.9 2.0
Netherlands 91.4 80.7 98.7 110.2 122.7
Poland 25.7 19.9 25.2 29.9 34.7
Portugal 9.9 7.8 9.2 11.0 13.1
Romania 9.9 7.5 10.4 13.1 13.4
Slovakia 7.1 5.7 7.6 8.7 10.2
Slovenia 7.4 5.8 6.4 7.3 7.8
Spain 58.2 49.2 60.1 73.5 83.4
Sweden 49.8 39.1 51.3 59.1 57.9
United Kingdom
142.8 114.6 148.3 178.9 183.1
Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4)
EU exports of goods to extra-EU by Member State (billion EUR)
75
Member State
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
EU-27 1,582.9 1,233.1 1,530.5 1,724.2 1,791.7
Austria 27.5 22.7 27.0 31.8 33.5
Belgium 95.5 74.1 91.2 107.5 109.5
Bulgaria 10.9 6.8 8.0 9.5 10.5
Cyprus 2.3 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.8
Czech Republic
22.3 16.5 24.0 27.8 27.3
Denmark 21.1 17.9 18.9 20.3 22.0
Estonia 2.2 1.4 1.9 2.7 2.7
Finland 23.7 15.3 18.6 23.3 22.1
France 155.1 123.8 145.5 169.0 172.1
Germany 293.0 235.2 292.7 329.7 331.5
Greece 28.7 21.7 23.6 23.5 26.4
Hungary 23.5 17.5 21.5 22.6 22.1
Ireland 17.2 15.5 14.9 14.6 16.0
Italy 173.3 126.7 166.0 185.7 178.4
Latvia 2.7 1.7 2.1 2.6 2.9
Lithuania 9.0 5.4 7.7 9.9 10.8
Luxembourg 5.5 5.2 3.7 3.8 4.9
Malta 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.2
Netherlands 204.9 161.9 208.1 231.2 251.6
Poland 40.0 29.4 39.2 45.4 50.1
Portugal 16.2 11.0 13.8 15.6 15.8
Romania 17.3 10.5 12.9 15.0 14.5
Slovakia 13.5 10.0 13.7 15.4 15.8
Slovenia 7.2 5.5 7.3 8.3 8.2
Spain 116.5 79.2 101.1 116.6 118.3
Sweden 35.3 27.5 37.0 40.5 41.6
United Kingdom
217.6 188.3 227.1 248.7 280.0
Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4)
EU imports of goods from extra-EU by Member State (billion EUR)
76 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 4 _ TRADE BY MEMBER STATE
Member State 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU-27 497.7 517.7 504.7 559.4 596.8
Austria 9.0 10.0 9.1 10.0 10.6
Belgium 16.9 19.6 19.8 22.3 22.2
Bulgaria 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.8
Cyprus 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.8 :
Czech Republic 3.2 3.2 3.9 3.9 4.2
Denmark 22.9 25.7 20.5 24.4 25.7
Estonia 0.9 : : : :
Finland : : : : :
France 50.9 54.1 68.4 67.7 75.3
Germany 74.1 81.0 77.9 87.2 90.5
Greece 14.7 : 12.1 14.0 13.6
Hungary 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.9 4.9
Ireland 24.0 23.7 24.7 29.2 33.3
Italy 29.1 32.3 28.7 31.4 33.7
Latvia 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.7
Lithuania 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.8
Luxembourg 13.3 11.8 10.7 14.1 14.5
Malta : : : : :
Netherlands 31.9 33.5 31.3 34.3 40.1
Poland 5.3 6.4 5.4 7.3 8.0
Portugal 4.0 4.5 4.2 4.8 5.4
Romania 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.9
Slovakia 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.0
Slovenia 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3
Spain 24.8 27.0 26.4 28.9 31.6
Sweden 22.5 24.6 20.4 22.6 25.2
United Kingdom 123.6 114.6 111.9 123.8 128.3
Commercial services =Services excluding Government services n.i.e. Confidential data: 2008-2011 data for Estonia; 2008 data for Greece; 2011 data for Cyprus; 2007-2011 data for Malta; 2007-2011 data for Finland(:) not availableSource: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det)
EU exports of commercial services to extra-EU by Member State (billion EUR)
77
EU imports of commercial services from extra-EU by Member State (billion EUR)
Member State 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU-27 411.9 446.8 422.0 456.4 476.8
Austria 7.6 7.8 7.2 7.7 7.8
Belgium 14.3 16.3 15.1 17.2 17.0
Bulgaria 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1
Cyprus 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.0
Czech Republic 3.5 3.9 3.5 4.5 4.7
Denmark 17.1 18.9 16.3 18.0 18.8
Estonia 0.5 : : : :
Finland : : : : :
France 43.9 45.4 52.9 54.7 58.5
Germany 80.5 84.7 76.6 87.2 92.2
Greece 6.5 : : : :
Hungary 3.7 4.2 3.5 3.4 3.5
Ireland 36.0 36.3 36.0 39.5 41.2
Italy 32.0 37.3 31.4 32.5 32.9
Latvia 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8
Lithuania 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.3
Luxembourg 8.5 8.3 7.5 9.6 10.4
Malta : : : : :
Netherlands 27.3 35.3 37.3 39.2 43.6
Poland 4.1 4.6 3.8 5.2 5.1
Portugal 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.1 3.3
Romania 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.6
Slovakia 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.8
Slovenia 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2
Spain 22.7 23.4 20.3 22.0 22.2
Sweden 12.9 13.9 12.7 13.7 15.5
United Kingdom 68.1 65.9 59.0 62.3 62.7
Commercial services =Services excluding Government services n.i.e. Confidential data: 2008-2011 data for Estonia; 2008-2011 data for Greece; 2007-2011 data for Malta; 2007-2011 data for Finland(:) not availableSource: Eurostat (NewCronos: bop_its_det)
78 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 4 _ TRADE BY MEMBER STATE
Intra-EU merchandise trade by Member State, 2011 (%)
Member StateShare of intra-EU imports in total
imports
Share of intra-EU exports in total
exports
Austria 76.9 70.5
Belgium 67.9 72.0
Bulgaria 59.4 62.2
Cyprus 69.0 67.9
Czech Republic 74.5 83.1
Denmark 70.5 65.2
Estonia 78.5 66.3
Finland 61.5 55.7
France 67.3 60.9
Germany 63.4 59.3
Greece 51.9 49.9
Hungary 69.4 75.9
Ireland 69.5 57.7
Italy 53.7 56.0
Latvia 77.6 66.0
Lithuania 56.7 61.3
Luxembourg 81.8 81.1
Malta 73.6 41.0
Netherlands 46.3 77.0
Poland 70.0 78.0
Portugal 73.6 74.4
Romania 72.7 71.0
Slovakia 73.2 84.8
Slovenia 67.7 71.0
Spain 56.9 66.6
Sweden 68.1 56.0
United Kingdom 48.6 50.5
Source: Eurostat (NewCronos: ext_lt_intratrd)
79
Member StateShare of MS in total intra-EU
imports
Share of MS in total intra-EU
exports
Austria 3.9 3.2
Belgium 8.3 8.8
Bulgaria 0.5 0.4
Cyprus 0.2 0.0
Czech Republic 3.0 3.5
Denmark 1.8 1.9
Estonia 0.4 0.3
Finland 1.4 1.1
France 12.7 9.3
Germany 20.9 22.4
Greece 0.8 0.4
Hungary 1.9 2.2
Ireland 1.2 1.9
Italy 7.9 7.5
Latvia 0.3 0.2
Lithuania 0.5 0.4
Luxembourg 0.6 0.5
Malta 0.1 0.0
Netherlands 7.3 13.2
Poland 3.9 3.8
Portugal 1.6 1.1
Romania 1.5 1.1
Slovakia 1.5 1.7
Slovenia 0.6 0.6
Spain 5.6 5.2
Sweden 3.2 2.7
United Kingdom 8.6 6.5
SECTION 5SUPPORT
STATISTICS
82 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 5 _ SUPPORT STATISTICS
GDP (Current price, billion EUR)
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007
World 33,948.5 36,716.2 39,384.9 40,735.0
Argentina 122.1 145.8 169.2 189.8
Australia 526.6 587.4 619.6 689.8
Brazil 533.4 708.7 867.4 996.9
Canada 818.5 935.8 1,043.3 1,063.8
China 1,552.9 1,814.1 2,160.7 2,549.6
India 553.9 648.5 724.3 846.5
Indonesia 206.6 229.7 290.2 315.3
Japan 3,742.9 3,674.8 3,469.9 3,178.7
South Korea 580.4 679.1 758.0 765.6
Mexico 610.6 682.1 757.9 755.2
Russia 475.1 614.1 788.4 948.3
Saudi Arabia 208.0 264.0 300.2 303.5
South Africa 176.4 198.5 208.0 208.5
Turkey 315.3 388.0 421.5 473.6
United States 9,529.1 10,146.3 10,654.0 10,236.2
EU-27 10,598.5 11,082.6 11,702.0 12,404.9
France 1,654.8 1,720.3 1,798.2 1,887.0
Germany 2,194.6 2,227.4 2,314.0 2,428.7
Italy 1,397.1 1,438.3 1,493.1 1,554.4
United Kingdom 1,767.0 1,847.6 1,956.4 2,062.5
(e) estimateSource: IMF (World Economic Outlook, April 2013)
83
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
41,721.2 41,571.1 47,874.9 50,445.8 55,812.0
220.6 219.2 277.3 319.4 369.7
714.8 712.1 940.7 1,070.8 1,200.0
1,122.1 1,163.1 1,616.4 1,790.9 1,864.9
1,048.7 981.4 1,219.0 1,279.5 1,415.8
3,073.1 3,578.0 4,473.4 5,260.0 6,403.4
867.4 902.7 1,218.1 1,320.5 1,420.3
347.3 386.3 535.2 607.9 683.5
3,297.0 3,609.9 4,145.3 4,236.4 4,641.9
633.3 598.0 765.6 801.9 899.7 e
743.6 632.9 780.1 832.1 916.2
1,129.2 876.6 1,150.6 1,364.3 1,573.8
353.4 307.6 397.4 481.0 566.1 e
185.9 204.5 274.0 289.0 299.1
496.5 440.5 551.6 556.3 618.4 e
9,716.9 10,018.4 10,936.8 10,830.2 12,207.9
12,475.1 11,734.9 12,286.1 12,635.4 12,907.9
1,934.4 1,883.1 1,939.0 1,995.8 2,030.4
2,475.3 2,371.1 2,498.4 2,591.5 2,646.8
1,576.1 1,517.5 1,553.3 1,577.8 1,567.6
1,815.6 1,572.4 1,710.4 1,746.8 1,899.5
84 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 5 _ SUPPORT STATISTICS
Share in World GDP (PPP, %)
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Argentina 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9
Australia 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1
Brazil 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9
Canada 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
China 8.8 9.4 10.1 10.9 11.7 12.8 13.5 14.2
India 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.8 5.3 5.5 5.7
Indonesia 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
Japan 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 5.9 5.8 5.6
South Korea
1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0
Mexico 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1
Russia 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0
Saudi Arabia
0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9
South Africa
0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
Turkey 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4
United States
22.2 22.0 21.4 19.3 19.4 20.0 19.4 18.6
EU-27 23.6 23.1 22.8 20.4 20.4 21.3 20.9 20.3
France 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8
Germany 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.0
Italy 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3
United Kingdom
3.5 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9
PPP constant 2005 international USD Source: World Bank (World Development Indicators)
85
Share in World GDP of selected countries (PPP, %)
0510
15
20
25
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
Bra
zil
Chin
aEU
-27
India
Japan
Russ
iaU
nit
ed S
tate
s
PPP constant 2005 international USD Source: World Bank (World Development Indicators)
86 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 5 _ SUPPORT STATISTICS
GDP per capita (PPP)
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007
World 8,526 8,800 9,141 9,507
Argentina 10,011 10,833 11,647 12,545
Australia 33,063 33,626 34,688 35,835
Brazil 8,344 8,509 8,753 9,197
Canada 34,344 35,033 35,730 36,124
China 3,719 4,115 4,611 5,239
India 2,052 2,209 2,378 2,573
Indonesia 2,970 3,102 3,236 3,403
Japan 30,053 30,441 30,961 31,636
South Korea 21,961 22,783 23,847 24,948
Mexico 11,959 12,191 12,658 12,905
Russia 11,088 11,853 12,878 14,016
Saudi Arabia 20,021 20,406 20,407 20,243
South Africa 8,259 8,597 8,977 9,372
Turkey 10,719 11,465 12,092 12,488
United States 41,630 42,516 43,228 43,636
EU-27 26,381 26,847 27,677 28,484
France 29,143 29,453 29,970 30,466
Germany 30,885 31,115 32,302 33,403
Italy 28,227 28,280 28,738 29,008
United Kingdom 32,259 32,958 33,607 34,605
PPP constant 2005 international USDSource: World Bank (World Development Indicators)
87
2008 2009 2010 2011
9,636 9,444 9,815 10,071
13,276 13,272 14,363 15,501
36,192 34,705 35,313 36,139
9,584 9,468 10,093 10,279
35,948 34,527 35,223 35,716
5,712 6,206 6,819 7,418
2,635 2,813 3,039 3,203
3,570 3,696 3,885 4,094
31,323 29,625 30,965 30,660
25,339 25,299 26,774 27,541
12,893 11,973 12,481 12,814
14,767 13,616 14,206 14,821
20,565 20,091 20,534 21,430
9,604 9,356 9,497 9,678
12,406 11,655 12,564 13,468
43,070 41,188 42,079 42,486
28,527 27,204 27,696 28,035
30,272 29,161 29,484 29,819
33,829 32,176 33,565 34,603
28,454 26,729 27,083 27,072
34,043 32,469 32,830 32,863
88 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 5 _ SUPPORT STATISTICS
GDP per capita in selected countries (PPP)
PPP constant 2005 international USD Source: World Bank (World Development Indicators)
0
5,0
00
10
,00
0
15
,00
0
20
,00
0
25
,00
0
30
,00
0
35
,00
0
40
,00
0
45
,00
0
50
,00
0
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
Bra
zil
Chin
aEU
-27
India
Japan
Russ
iaU
nit
ed S
tate
s
89
Nominal Effective Exchange Rates (NEER, 2005 = 100) 41 trading partners
NEER= Industrial countries’ effective exchange rates including New Member States series.Source: Eurostat (NewCronos: ert_eff_ic_q)
90 _ Trade Statistical Pocket Guide _ SECTION 5 _ SUPPORT STATISTICS
Real Effective Exchange Rates (REER, 2005 = 100) deflator: consumer price indices - 41 trading partners
REER= Industrial countries’ effective exchange rates including New Member States series. Source: Eurostat (NewCronos: ert_eff_ic_q)
European CommissionTrade Statistical - Pocket GuideLuxembourg: Publications Offi ce of the European Union2013 — 90 pp. — 14,8 x 21 cmISBN 978-92-79-27057-4doi 10.2781/53701
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DG TradeChief Economist UnitStatistics SectorCHARB-1049 Brussels Belgium
E-mail: [email protected]
DG TradeStatistical
Pocket Guide
Trade
DG
Tra
de S
tati
stic
al P
ock
et
Guid
e
NG-AA-13-001-EN
-C
This Trade Statistical Pocket
Guide contains selected tables
and graphs that outline the
current state of and recent
developments in the European
Union’s (EU’s) foreign trade,
i.e. its trade with the rest
of the world. It has been
compiled for the benefi t of the
Directorate-General for Trade’s
(DG Trade’s) policymakers.
Trade
doi:10.2781/53701