![Page 1: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Transboundary Freshwater Basins,
Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems
GEF Action on Water
![Page 2: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Major Threats to International Waters-Transboundary Systems
• Degradation of Water Quality• Habitat Destruction-excessive withdrawals, wetland
conversion, dam releases• Overexploitation of Fish/Living Resources• Land Degradation/Sedimentation• Introduced Species– ship ballast water, fish, cholera,
red tide organisms• Groundwater Quality, Quantity, Recharge Areas• Balancing Basin Uses/Conflicts
![Page 3: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
IW Conventions and Programs of Action• Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (1971) • International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships,
1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78)• The Nairobi, Abidjan, Barcelona, Bucharest, Cartagena, Jeddah,
Kuwait, Lima, Noumea, Guatemala Conventions (UNEP Regional Seas Programme - 1974-2002)
• Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution of the UN Economic Commission for Europe (1979)
• UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS - 1982)• Bellagio Draft Agreement Concerning the Use of Transboundary
Groundwaters (1987)• UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC - 1991)
![Page 4: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
IW Conventions andPrograms of Action
• UN Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD - 1992)• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD - 1994)• Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of
Small Island States (1994) • UN Agreement on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory
Fish Stocks (1995)• Global Programme of Action (GPA) for the Protection of the
Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities (1995)• Jakarta Mandate on Marine and Coastal Biodiversity (1995)• UN Convention on Non-Navigational Uses of International
Watercourses (1997)• Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs -
2001)
![Page 5: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
GPA CBD Reg.Conv. S.Stocks CIW Ramsar MARPOL CCD FCCC POPs SIDS Bellagio
GEF support to internationalagreements (#of projects)
![Page 6: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
GEF Comprehensive,Ecosystem- Based Approach to IW
• The goal: Maintaining the integrity of ecosystems and of the services they provide. The GEF Strategy:
• Promotes Actions To Address the Multiple Concerns Facing Transboundary Systems that Focus on Changing the Way Human Activities are Conducted in Different Economic Sectors: (a) policy, legal, and institutional reforms nationally and regionally & (b) investments.
• Helps Governments to Balance Competing Uses, and encourages moving from sectoral (supply, sanitation, irrigation; freshwater basins Vs coastal zones, etc.) to cross-sectoral integrated approaches to water management.
• Promotes coordination among donors and the leveraging of Partner Programs.
![Page 7: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
GEF Operational Strategy For IW
• Foundational Work: Support for Initial Strategic Capacity Building For Multicountry Basin-specific or Marine Ecosystem-specific Collaboration – creation of inter-ministerial committees; transboundary diagnostic (TDA), agreement on a Strategic Action Program (SAP)
• Stress Reduction Measures: based on an agreed SAP, GEF may support a “SAP Implementation Project”, including national reforms, demonstration investments for transboundary priorities, regional institution-building
![Page 8: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Key Elements of Foundational Work in Multi-country Water-bodies
• Establishment of National and Multi-country Interministerial Committees as main decision making bodies
• Achievemnet of informed consensus among riparian/littoral countries through a science based Analysis of Transboundary Water Concerns (TDA): identify problems and their causes, (discriminating domestic versus transboundary); identify possible solutions.
• Agreement on Actions: inter-ministerial committees agree on what reforms and investments, needed to solve transboundary concerns nationally and regionally, they are willing to undertake and governments formally adopt a Strategic Action Program.
![Page 9: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Stress Reduction Measures: the GEF Role
• GEF will facilitate changes in behaviors through reforms (policies, laws, institutions) at the local, national and regional levels.
• GEF will help leverage investments for on the ground interventions through strategic partnerships.
• GEF will support projects that will demonstrate on the ground the beneficial impacts of new approaches and technologies.
• GEF will strengthen regional institutions and processes.
![Page 10: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Foundational Work:Capacity building
Establishment of processesIdentification
of Causes and SolutionsAgreement on Action Programs
Stress Reduction MeasuresImplementation of
Strategic Action Programs:Legal, policy and
Institutional reformsInvestments
Demonstrations
Process Indicators
Stress Reduction Indicators
Environmental Status Indicators
Agreement onTargets
Long Term Monitoring
GEF International WatersStrategy and Indicators
![Page 11: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
GEF International Waters Projects - May 2003
![Page 12: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
IW projects in Africa
![Page 13: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
IW projects in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
![Page 14: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
IW projects in East Asia
![Page 15: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
IW projects in Central America and the Caribbean
![Page 16: Transboundary Freshwater Basins, Aquifers and Marine Ecosystems](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815b0e550346895dc8b9ac/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
IW projects in South America