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TREE ANATOMY
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TREE CUT-AWAY
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WARPS IN LUMBER
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
A reaction of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.
Light is absorbed by chlorophyll, the green pigment present in leaves.
This creates energy for the tree. The by-product off this reaction is
oxygen.
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DIVISIONS OF TREES
Coniferous Trees
Softwood Bears needles Evergreens Bears cones to
reproduce
Deciduous Trees
Hardwood Bears leaves Lose their leaves
in winter Bears fruits and
nuts to reproduce
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CONIFEROUS TREES(SOFTWOOD)
Lodgepole Pine
Pale-yellow sapwood is soft.
Heartwood is deep yellow to reddish- brown.
Resinous.
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CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD)
White Pine
Straight grain. Pale-yellow to
pale-brown in colour.
Fine resin-duct marks.
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CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD)
Douglas Fir
One of the strongest softwoods.
Straight grain. Reddish-brown
timber. Pronounced grain.
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CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD)
Yellow Spruce
Non-resinous. Creamy-white
wood. Slightly pink
heartwood.
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CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD)
Western Red Cedar
Soft aromatic timber.
Reddish-brown in colour.
Resistant to mildew and rotting.
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CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD)
Yellow Cedar
Pale-yellow even textured wood.
Fine straight grain.
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CLASSIFICATIONS OF HARDWOODS
Ring-porous: clearly defined pores along the growth ring, usually two to three high.
Diffuse-porous: have pores distributed relatively evenly throughout the growth ring.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
Red Oak
Ring-porous. Straight grained. Pinkish-red in
colour. $4.50 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
White Oak
Ring-porous. Straight grained. Medium coarse
texture. Whiter wood than
red oak. $6.50 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
White Ash
Ring-porous. Course but generally
straight grained wood.
White sapwood. Pale-brown
heartwood. $5.50 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
Red Alder
Diffuse-porous. One of the softest
hardwoods. Can dent with finger
nail. Pale-yellow to
reddish-brown colour.
$3.75 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
Western Maple
Diffuse-porous. Softer hardwood. Straight grain. Light creamy-
brown colour. $3.50 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
Eastern Rock Maple
Diffuse-porous. Very hard & heavy
hardwood. White sapwood. Straight grain. $6.50 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
Bird’s Eye Maple
Diffuse-porous. Very hard & heavy
hardwood. White sapwood. Has a lot of eyes
all over the wood. $11.50 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
White Birch
Diffuse-porous Fine straight grained
wood. Creamy-white
sapwood. Pale-brown
heartwood. $4.75 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
American Black Cherry
Diffuse-porous Hard straight grained
wood. Heartwood is reddish-
brown to deep red. Brown flecks and some
gum pockets. Looks similar to Western
Maple. $5.75 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
Black Walnut
Diffuse-porous. Softer hardwood. Usually straight
grained, but can be wavy.
Rich dark brown to purplish-black.
$6.50 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
Philippine Mahogany
Diffuse-porous. Very open grained
wood. Rough texture. Light brown colour. $6.75 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
Honduras Mahogany
Diffuse-porous. Medium textured
wood. Straight grained. Heartwood is reddish-
brown to deep red colour.
$9.65 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
Purpleheart
Diffuse-porous. Uniform fine to medium
texture wood. Grain direction
changes without warning.
Very hard. Attractive purple
colour. $7.50 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
Orange Padauk
Diffuse-porous. Very hard and
heavy wood. Rich red to purple-
brown colour with red streaks.
$10.75 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
Bubinga
Diffuse-porous. Straight or
interlocked and irregular grain.
Red-brown in colour, with purple veining.
$12.75 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
Wenge
Diffuse-porous. Very coarse textured
wood. Light brown with dark
purple veins. Very hard and heavy
hardwood. $14.75 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
Zebrawood
Diffuse-porous. Coarse textured
wood. White wood with dark
brown vein lines. Grain direction
changes without warning.
$17.50 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
Cocobolo
Diffuse-porous. Hard, heavy, tough
wood with irregular grain.
Attractive colour, with purple to yellow, with black markings.
$22.75 per bdft.
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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)
Ebony
Diffuse-porous. Hard, dense, and
heavy wood. Fine even texture. Straight, irregular or
wavy grain. Dark brown to black
colour. $92.00 per bdft.
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MAN-MADE BOARDS
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PLYWOOD BOARDS Decorative
plywood. Three-ply board. Multi-ply. Hardwood
plywood. Fir core plywood.
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PARTICLE BOARDS Single-layer
chipboard. Three-layer
chipboard. Melamine
chipboard. Oriented-strand
board. Flakeboard.
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FIBREBOARDS High-density (HM)
board. Low-density (LM)
board. Medium-density
fibreboard (MDF). Oak-veneered MDF
board. Standard hardboard. Tempered hardboard. Embossed hardboard. Decorative-faced
hardboard. Perforated hardboard.
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HARDWOOD PLYWOOD VS. SOLID HARDWOOD
PRO’S
Does not warp like solid lumber will.
Cut the size you want. No need to glue up panels.
Cheaper than solid woods.
Uses less trees to make hardwood plywood, than using solid lumber.
CON’S
Have to glue solid lumber on the end grain to hide the core of the plywood.
Exceptable to dents and scratches, exposing the core of the plywood.
Appearance not as nice as solid lumber.
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THE END!