Download - Trimming of Sails
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Trimming of SailsTrimming of Sails
Round Table on Experience with IGRs and Round Table on Experience with IGRs and Political Economy AnalysisPolitical Economy Analysis
Manzoor HasanManzoor Hasan
Transparency International BangladeshTransparency International Bangladesh
Wednesday, 19 June 2002Wednesday, 19 June 2002
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
IntroductionIntroduction
Progress on several fronts….Progress on several fronts….
Infant mortalityInfant mortality
Child malnutritionChild malnutrition
IlliteracyIlliteracy
Road communicationRoad communication
Women’s positionWomen’s position
Print media…. Print media….
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
But….But….
In many sectors we face serious problems In many sectors we face serious problems Shortcoming in financial institutionsShortcoming in financial institutionsOverloaded courtsOverloaded courtsGender disparityGender disparityPrimary school completion rates – too Primary school completion rates – too lowlowPoor public service….Poor public service….
GOVERNANCE FAILURE GOVERNANCE FAILURE
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Some Facts….Some Facts….
Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP, 1997) Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP, 1997) opinion survey opinion survey
2197 individuals selected randomly from sixty 2197 individuals selected randomly from sixty districtsdistricts
Findings: 95%, 91% & 90% of respondents Findings: 95%, 91% & 90% of respondents felt police, customs & taxation departments, felt police, customs & taxation departments, respectively, most corrupt respectively, most corrupt
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Some Facts….Some Facts….
Mahbub-ul-Haq Human Development CentreMahbub-ul-Haq Human Development Centre
82% considered the police to be the most 82% considered the police to be the most corrupt government departmentcorrupt government department
Businessmen put the police’s service Businessmen put the police’s service standard as the lowest among all forty-four standard as the lowest among all forty-four organisations organisations
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Some FactsSome Facts
TIB Household Survey (1997)TIB Household Survey (1997)68% of the households filing 68% of the households filing complaints with the police had to complaints with the police had to make payment make payment 49% of the households had reported to 49% of the households had reported to make prior arrangement with the make prior arrangement with the police on payment for disposal of their police on payment for disposal of their casescases71% of the households expressed the 71% of the households expressed the view that filing of court cases were view that filing of court cases were deliberately delayed by the policedeliberately delayed by the police
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Some Facts….Some Facts….
63% of the households involved 63% of the households involved in court cases reported that they in court cases reported that they had to bribe the court officialshad to bribe the court officials
53% of the households bribed the 53% of the households bribed the court officials directly and more court officials directly and more than one-fourth (28%) reported than one-fourth (28%) reported making payment of bribe through making payment of bribe through lawyers lawyers
Source: TIB Nationwide Household Source: TIB Nationwide Household Survey,1997Survey,1997
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Some Facts…. Some Facts…. Urban Service Delivery (2,400 hh in Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and Urban Service Delivery (2,400 hh in Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and
Rajshahi) – World Bank (May 2002)Rajshahi) – World Bank (May 2002)
28% (less than) satisfied with education system28% (less than) satisfied with education system18% (less than) satisfied with health system18% (less than) satisfied with health system12% (less than) satisfied with electricity service12% (less than) satisfied with electricity service11% (less than) satisfied with quality of drinking 11% (less than) satisfied with quality of drinking waterwater17% (less than) satisfied with sanitation service17% (less than) satisfied with sanitation service20% (less than) satisfied with transport service20% (less than) satisfied with transport service2% (less than) satisfied with police2% (less than) satisfied with police8% (less than) satisfied with judicial service8% (less than) satisfied with judicial service10% (less than) satisfied with land registration10% (less than) satisfied with land registrationGood satisfaction with gas supplyGood satisfaction with gas supply
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Some Facts….Some Facts….
Bureau of Anti-CorruptionBureau of Anti-Corruption
Time spent before applying Time spent before applying for sanction from PM’s Office: for sanction from PM’s Office: 4 - 9 years4 - 9 years
Time spent after application Time spent after application to PM’s Office before sanction to PM’s Office before sanction is given: 1 year to 6 yearsis given: 1 year to 6 years
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Some Facts….Some Facts….BAC PERFORMANCE: INQUIRY STAGEBAC PERFORMANCE: INQUIRY STAGE
9%
32%
59%
FIR
File closed
Pending
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Some Facts….BAC PERFORMANCE: INVESTIGATION BAC PERFORMANCE: INVESTIGATION STAGESTAGE
6%
17%
77%
FRT
Charge-sheets
Pending
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Some Facts….BAC PERFORMANCE: TRIAL STAGEBAC PERFORMANCE: TRIAL STAGE
4% 5%
91%
Convictions
Acquittals
Pending
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Some Facts….BAC PERFORMANCEBAC PERFORMANCE
Total convictions Total convictions 13731373
Total released Total released 1822 1822
Total convictions against VIPsTotal convictions against VIPs 11
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Diagnostic studies: Diagnostic studies: IGRs/Political Economy IGRs/Political Economy
Analysis/SurveysAnalysis/Surveys– Better understanding of the Better understanding of the
context – the ‘big picture’ context – the ‘big picture’ – Identify both failures & future Identify both failures & future
reform agenda – ‘windows of reform agenda – ‘windows of opportunity’opportunity’
– Identify linkages – coalition Identify linkages – coalition building building
– Prioritize actionPrioritize action
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
WB Projects: Judiciary & WB Projects: Judiciary & Traffic ManagementTraffic Management
– Have they met the governance Have they met the governance criteria/agenda?criteria/agenda?
– Improved service delivery?Improved service delivery?– Triggered off wider reform? Triggered off wider reform? – Raised expectations Raised expectations – Wastage (public perception)Wastage (public perception)– Peripheral Peripheral
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Big Issues Big Issues
– Separation of judiciary from Separation of judiciary from executiveexecutive
– Establishment of anti-Establishment of anti-corruption commissioncorruption commission
– Right-sizing of administrationRight-sizing of administration– Efficient police forceEfficient police force
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Why Reform isn’t being Why Reform isn’t being implemented? implemented?
– Lack of political willLack of political will– Maintenance and Maintenance and
reinforcement of ‘negatives’reinforcement of ‘negatives’– Inability to ‘trigger’ off a chain Inability to ‘trigger’ off a chain
reaction reaction – Need to create new Need to create new
relationships/equilibriumrelationships/equilibrium
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
SuggestionsSuggestionsGleaned from existing studies:Gleaned from existing studies:– CSOs, NGOs, media, multi/bi-lateral CSOs, NGOs, media, multi/bi-lateral
agenciesagencies– Focus on macro (‘trigger’) issues, Focus on macro (‘trigger’) issues,
e.g. anti-corruption agencye.g. anti-corruption agency– Present ‘workable’ models (done)Present ‘workable’ models (done)– Establish benchmarks/milestonesEstablish benchmarks/milestones– Find championsFind champions– Close ‘exit’ routes for politiciansClose ‘exit’ routes for politicians– Reinforce consensus (not conditions)Reinforce consensus (not conditions)– Increase ‘embarrassment’ factorIncrease ‘embarrassment’ factor
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Trim our sails? Trim our sails?
YesYes– But establish realistic But establish realistic
agenda/expectationagenda/expectation– More ‘cost-effective’More ‘cost-effective’– Focus on the ‘big picture’Focus on the ‘big picture’– Increased sense of ownershipIncreased sense of ownership– Could ultimately set off reform Could ultimately set off reform
of political landscape ?of political landscape ?
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Reform of political landscape Reform of political landscape (I)(I)
Why?Why?– Because there is no Because there is no
marketplace for ideas.marketplace for ideas.– Because championing ideas Because championing ideas
and policy initiatives will not and policy initiatives will not improve a person’s political improve a person’s political prospects.prospects.
– Because the route to political Because the route to political success is patron-clientism.success is patron-clientism.
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
Reform of political landscape Reform of political landscape (II)(II)
Democratization of partiesDemocratization of parties
Political/Campaign financePolitical/Campaign finance
Declaration of members’ Declaration of members’ interestsinterests
A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH
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[email protected]@ti-bangladesh.org
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