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BLACKBOARD SCAVENGER HUNT

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Blackboard Scavenger Hunt

• Advance to next slide to begin your Scavenger Hunt.– Click on each [Blackboard] icon for Scavenger

Hunt directions.– [Go to the Word documents in Lesson 1 to help

you perform the activities.]

• Email your instructor and let her know when you have completed all the activities.– A successful Scavenger Hunt is worth 3 points.

Note: the above instructions within [ ] pertains only to the Blackboard game,

you may substitute your own instructions and remove this note when done.

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Technology Mass Production Merger Movement Science Managing

Assembly Lines Robber Barons Fitness Social Darwinism

Immigration Immigration Causes Immigrant Labor Political Machines

African-Americans Workers & Unions Movies Final Step

Scavenger Hunt

Click on the Icon

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Technology Question

• What were the two most important technologies that were brought about / perfected at the beginning of the 20th century?

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Technology Answer

• The Harnessing of electric power and the invention of the gasoline-powered internal combustion engine.

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Mass Production Question

• What is mass production, and what created the need for it in the first two decades of the 20th century?

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Mass Production Answer

• Mass production required the coordination of machines to permit high-speed, uninterrupted production at ever stage of the manufacturing process. It was necessary because a growing domestic market created a need for increased speed of production and lowered unit costs.

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Merger Movement Question

• What was the merger movement, and in what industry did the largest merger occur?

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Merger Movement Answer

• The merger movement was a late 19th and early 20th century effort to integrate different enterprises into single, giant corporations able to eliminate competition, achieve economic order, and boost profits. The largest merger occurred in steel in 1901, when Andrew Carnegie and J.P. Morgan together fashioned the U.S. Steel Corporation.

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Science Managing Question

• What was scientific management in the early 20th century, who introduced the first assembly line, and what year was the first assembly line introduced?

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Science Managing Answer

• Scientific management was an attempt to break down each factory job into its smallest components to increase efficiency, eliminate waste, and promote worker satisfaction. The first moving assembly line was introduced by Henry Ford in 1913.

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Assembly Lines Question

• What were the problems that assembly lines brought on for the factory workers, and how did Henry Ford attempt to counteract them?

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Assembly Lines Answer

• Repeating a single motion all day induced mental stupor, and managerial efforts to speed up the line produced physical exhaustion, both of which created error and injury. Workers tried to create unions, but most of these workers responded to these issues by quitting, creating a 370% turnover rate for Ford in 1913. He attempted to counteract these issues by raising the workers’ wages to $5 a day, which was twice the norm.

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Robber Barons Question

• Why were industrialists trying to shed their “Robber Baron” images, who was the first industrialist to attempt this transformation, and what with what actions did he attempt the transformation?

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Robber Barons Answer

• The industrialists had wielded their economic power brashly and ruthlessly, while living flashy, ritzy lifestyles. The depression on the 1890’s, along with an attempt of assassination of the assistant to Andrew Carnegie, caused the industrialists to rethink these lifestyles. Andrew Carnegie was the first industrialist to attempt a transformation, by advocating a “gospel of wealth.” He believed that the wealthy should consider all excess income as a “trust fund” for their communities.

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Fitness Question

• Why did American elites become obsessed with physical and racial fitness in the late 19th century?

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Fitness Answer

• America’s elite were not just obsessed with physical fitness, they were obsessed with racial fitness. Most of the elite came from family’s who had lived in America for generations, and had come from England or other Northwestern European countries, so they considered themselves to be racially superior. In the 1890’s, however, economic depression and the industrial revolution lowered these elite’s economic power. It seemed that the immigrants working in factories had more vitality, which the elite couldn’t have, so they become obsessed with racial fitness.

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Social Darwinism Question

• What is Social Darwinism and what social sciences took shape around this time period?

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Social Darwinism Answer

• Social Darwinism is a set of beliefs that explained human history as an ongoing evolutionary struggle among different groups of people for survival and supremacy. Many used these beliefs to justify inequalities between races, classes, and nations. The social sciences – economics, political science, anthropology, sociology, psychology – took shape in the late 19th century, each trying to discover the scientific laws governing individual and group behavior.

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Immigration Question

• What was the difference between “old immigrants” and “new immigrants?”

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Immigration Answer

• The post-1880 immigrants were from eastern and southern Europe, as opposed to former immigrants who were from northwestern Europe. “Old immigrants” were regarded as racially fit, culturally sophisticated, and politically mature. The “new immigrants” were often seen as racially inferior, culturally impoverished, and incapable of assimilating American values and traditions. This negative view reflected in part a fear of the languages, religions, and economic backgrounds.

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Immigration Causes Question

• What were the two main reasons that immigrants came to America in the early 20th century?

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Immigration Causes Answer

• Both “old immigrants” and “new immigrants” came to America for the same reasons: either to flee religious or political persecution or to escape economic hardship. The latter was the reason that most immigrants came to America in the early 1900’s.

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Immigration Labor Question

• What was the Triangle Shirtwaist Company and what does it have to do with immigrants, their labor, and their safety?

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Immigration Labor Answer

• In 1911, a fire broke out on an upper floor of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, a New York City garment factory. The building had no fire escapes. The owners of the factory, moreover, had locked the entrances to each floor as a way of keeping their employees at work. A total of 146 workers perished in the fire or from desperate nine-story leaps to the pavement below.

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Political Machines Question

• What was “graft,” political machines, and “bosses” (in reference to political machines)?

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Political Machines Answer

• Many people had to make payments to corrupt government officials in order to get political things done, after 1900. These payments, “grafts,” made local office holding rich, so politicians started building political machines, which were organizations that controlled local political parties and municipal governments through bribery, election fraud, and support of urban vice while providing some municipal services to the urban poor. These politicians became the machine “bosses” who won the support of urban voters.

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African-Americans Question

• What were the Jim Crow laws, and how did they effect African-American workers in the early 20th century?

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African-Americans Answer

• The “Jim Crow” laws passed by every southern state legislature in the 1890’s made it legal for companies to isolate African-American workers from white workers. Because of these laws, African-American workers had to do the dirtiest and most grueling jobs in the workplace.

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Workers & Unions Question

• What was the AFL and who was Samuel F. Gompers?

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Workers & Unions Answer

• In the 1890’s and for a little while after, the AFL (American Federation of Labor) concentrated on organizing craft, or skilled, workers such as carpenters, typographers, and plumbers. Because of their skills, these workers commanded more respect from employers than did the unskilled and were able to wrest from them contracts, or trade agreements, governing wages, hours, and working conditions. Samuel F. Gompers was America’s most famous trade unionist. He served as president of the AFL from 1886 to 1894 and from 1896 to 1924 and achieved his greatest success organizing skilled workers.

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Movies Question

• What was a nickelodeon?

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Movies Answer

• A nickelodeon was a converted storefront in working-class neighborhoods that showed early short silent films usually lasting 15 minutes, requiring little comprehension of English, and costing only a nickel to view.

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Final Question

• What group of people received the largest reform in the early 20th century?

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Final Answer

• Women shed confining clothes and began to wear more comfortable clothing that gave them more freedom of movement, gained the right to vote, and began to work more.