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PUMP
A pump is a device that moves fluids(liquids orgases), or sometimes slurries, by
mechanical action.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slurryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slurryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid -
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CLASSIFICATION
Depending on the functions of the pumps, and the
method they use, they are classified into 3 main
categories:
Direct l i f t Pumps
Displacement Pumps
Gravi ty Pumps
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DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
Displacement pumps are the pumps that displace acertain volume fluid (mostly water) per certain amount
of time.
Depending on the volume of water displaced and the
method used to displace it, these can be further
classified as :
Positive Displacement Pumps
Non Positive Displacement Pumps
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POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
A positive displacement pump makes a fluid move by
trapping a fixed amount and forcing (displacing) that
trapped volume into the discharge pipe.
Depending on how the displacement takes place,
Recipro cat ing and Centr i fugalpumps are how the
positive displacement pumps are classified into.
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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Centrifugal pumps, are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric
work-absorbing turbo machinery. Centrifugal pumps are used
to transport liquids/fluids by the conversion of the rotational
kinetic energy to the hydro dynamics energy of the liquid flow.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbomachineryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbomachinery -
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PRINCIPLE
Like most pumps, a centrifugal pump converts
mechanical energy from a motor to energy of a
moving fluid. A portion of the energy goes into
kinetic energy of the fluid motion, and some intopotential energy, represented by fluid pressure
(Hydraulic head) or by lifting the fluid, against
gravity, to a higher altitude.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_headhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_head -
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Common uses include water, sewage, petroleum
and petrochemical pumping. The reverse functionof the centrifugal pump is a water turbine converting
potential energy of water pressure into mechanical
rotational energy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_turbine -
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WORKING
The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor or
turbine. In the typical simple case, the fluid enters the pump impeller along or
near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially
outward into a diffuser orvolute chamber (casing), from where it exits.
The transfer of energy from the mechanical rotation of the impeller to the motionand pressure of the fluid is usually described in terms ofcentrifugal force,
especially in older sources written before the modern concept ofcentrifugal
force as a fictitious force in a rotating reference frame was well articulated.
The outlet pressure is a reflection of the pressure that applies
the centripetal force that curves the path of the water to move circularly
inside the pump.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volute_(pump)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_force_(rotating_reference_frame)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_force_(rotating_reference_frame)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centripetal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centripetal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_force_(rotating_reference_frame)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_force_(rotating_reference_frame)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volute_(pump) -
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ROOTS TYPE PUMP
This is a multi lobed centrifugal
pump which works on a very
simple principle.
The fluid at lower pressure
comes into the pump from the
top opening. Due tosynchronization of the 2 lobes,
the fluid trapped in the space
within the lobes.
When the fluid is released from
the bottom end, it is
pressurized and has a high
discharge.
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The outer casing of the pump
is made of iron. It is heavy.
Priming is required to operate
this pump.
Priming is the process ofevacuating trapped air from
within the pump, as, if that is
not done, damage may occur
and the efficiency of the pump
may drop.
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USEAND USABILITY
Such pumps are used on a domestic basis. This
includes the use at home, in garages, in fields, etc.
High speed washing, water drawing, etc are its
common uses.
The prices of such pumps start as low as Rs 2500 but
soar upto well over Rs 50000/- depending on the
specs.
There is a lot of scope of development in this field andthis is an attempt to make these pumps as less
expensive as possible and check the feasibility of
marketing the product as well.
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Our prototype is about to pass the design stage
wherein we will be using substitute materials instead
of real metals.
This is done to lighten the project and make it portable
but yet to check its workability at the same time.
Proposed material for the Impellor is wood and that for
the casing is 5mm mild steel plates.
Driver will be a high speed high torque electric motor.
Manufacturing is yet to commence.
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